题目内容

Make Up Your Mind to Succeed

Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winter.” And their report cards sounded more positive(正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”

Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years.Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:

A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent(才能) is genetic—you’re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.

On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego(自尊) isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.

We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.

1.What does the author think about the present generation?

A.They don’t do well at school.

B.They are often misunderstood.

C.They are eager to win in sports.

D.They are given too much praise.

2.A fixed mind-set person is probably one who              .

A.doesn’t want to work hard

B.cares a lot about personal safety

C.cannot share his ideas with others

D.can succeed with the help of teachers

3.What does the growth mind-set believe?

A.Admitting failure is shameful.

B.Talent comes with one’s birth.

C.Scores should be highly valued.

D.Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.

4.What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study?

A.Encourage them to learn from failures.

B.Prevent them from making mistakes.

C.Guide them in doing little things.

D.Help them grow with praise.

 

【答案】

1.D

2.A

3.D

4.A

【解析】

试题分析:本文讲述了人们对于A fixed mind-set 和a growth mind-set的看法以及在教育方面的建议。

1.D 细节题。根据第一段最后一句As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.说明这是被过度表扬的一代,故D正确。

2.A 细节题。根据第三段The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.说明他们认为不努力也能成功,故A正确。

3.D 推理题。根据第四段1,2行On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible.说明这样的人认为通过努力就可以取得成功。故D正确。

4.A 细节题。根据文章最后一段2,3行But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise.说明父母老师应该鼓励他们。故A正确。

考点:考查教育类短文阅读

点评:本文测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。

 

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(     )6.A.Luckily
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(     )10.A.ask
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(     )13.A.into
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(     )15.A.warned
(     )16.A.experience
(     )17.A.turning
(     )18.A.free
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Scientists have confirmed that the majority of overweight people who try to lose weight either by cutting calories or exercising will return to their former size.Fewer than 10 percent of the l2 million British people who go on a diet each year succeed in losing significant amounts of weight and most of those who do put it all back on again within a year.

    The study of 25,000 people provides further evidence of the popularity of‘yo-yo dieting’where slimmers get into a cycle of losing weight and regaining it.The scientists,from the Medical Research Council’s National Survey of Health and Development,have concluded it is better to avoid getting fat in the first place.They followed 5,362 men and women from their birth in l946 and 20,000 from birth in l958,measuring their weight and blood pressure and assessing their lifestyles.The researchers found both groups began gaining weight in the 1980s and have steadily increased in size ever since.

    Dr Rebecca Hardy,the council’s programme leader on body size,said:“0nce people become, overweight,they continue extremely upwards.They hardly ever go back down.A(印刷不清两个单词)  weight but very few get back to normal。The best policy is to prevent people becoming overweight.For men weight goes up steadily through life。For women it starts slowly and accelerates in the mid-thirties.”

   But the study's findings do not mean dieting is pointless,as eating less and taking more exercise can increase fitness and lower blood pressure.In 2009,a quarter of adults and l4 percent of children were obese(过度肥胖的),according to the Department of Health’s latest Health Survey for England.Although previous research has shown one in four Britons is trying to lose weight at any one time,it has been predicted that 60 percent of us will be obese by 2050,leading to even more cases of diabetes(糖尿病),heart disease and cancer.Experts said we are programmed to put on weight rather than lose it.Dieting can make this tendency worse as decreasing calorie intake causes the body to go into starvation mode and reduce the amount of energy it naturally expends,making it even harder to lose weight.Commenting on the study,Professor Nick Finer from London Hospital,said:“It is unlikely that man would have progressed with mechanisms to fight against obesity which has only become a problem in the last 30~40 years.For most of human history,storing fat would have been an advantage.”

 47.According to Dr Rebecca Hardy,which of the following is TRUE?

    A.It is easier for men to lose weight than women.

    B.Once people lose weight,they never put on weight again.

    C.Never to become fat is the best way of keeping a good shape.

    D.The fact that fat people keep their weight upwards is unusual.

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    A.the study lacks believable facts

    B.obese people are confident in losing weight

    C.dieting can really make a few people lose weight

    D.dieting and sports help to keep people free from some diseases

  49.From the last paragraph,we can learn that   

    A.decreasing calorie intake makes it even harder to lose weight

    B.the idea that people lose weight with mechanisms is practical

    C.being overweight is a lasting problem through the human history

    D.by 2050 more and more people will have got unfit because of losing weight

  50.Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?

    A.Which is better:cutting calories or exercisin97

    B.Fat people can’t really keep the weight off

    C.A new study on people’s health

D.How to go on a healthy diet

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