Question

What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is “no”. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate(调查),how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further, he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.

The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason that investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations. Einstein’s ideas were shown to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.

What makes a scientist according to the passage?

A.  The tools he uses.              B.  His ways of learning.

C.   The way he uses his tools.     D.  The various tools he use

“The scientist, however, goes one step further,” the author says this to show       。

the importance of information    

B. the importance of thinking

C. the difference between scientists and ordinary people

D. the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs.

A sound scientific theory should be one that       .

A. does not only work under one set of conditions at one time, but also works under the same conditions at other times

B. leaves no room for improvement

C. does not allow any change even under different conditions

D. can be used for many purposes

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Scientists are different from ordinary people.

B. The theory of relativity.

C. Exactness is the core（核心）of science.

D. Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.

Answer 1

【小题1】C

【小题2】C

【小题3】A

【小题4】D

解析:

【小题1】由文中的“It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist”一句可知答案C为正确选项。

【小题2】综合分析第一段中的第五、六、七、八句话，即从“You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate(调查),how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further, he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.”中可以推断出，作者说这话的目的是为了说明普通人与科学家之间的差别。

【小题3】由第二段“The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions.”中这句可以推断出A是正确选项。

【小题4】开头第一句话就点出了这篇文章的主旨，即怎样才能成为 一名科学家，以后整篇文章也都是围绕这一中心来进行阐述的，所以D为正确选项。