How to Be a Winner Sir Steven Redgrave Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals “In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes. Believing my career was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网——

题目内容

How to Be a Winner
Sir Steven Redgrave
Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals
“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes（糖尿病）. Believing my career was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it — the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”
Karen Pickering
Swimming World Champion
“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success — you can’t follow a career in any field without being well-organized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.”
Kirsten Best
Poet & Writer
“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological tool．”
小题1:What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?

A．Difficulties influenced his career．

B．Specialists offered him medical advice．

C．Training helped him defeat his disease．

D．He overcame the shadow of illness to win．

小题2:What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?

A．Her sports career．

B．Her achievements．

C．Her daily happenings．

D．Her training schedule．

小题3:What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to？

A．Ways that help one to focus．

B．Words that help one to feel less tense．

C．Activities that turn one's attention away．

D．Habits that make it hard for one to relax．

小题4:According to the passage, what do the three people have in common?

A．Self-confidence．	B．Hard work．
C．Devotion．	D．Courage．

小题1:D
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:A

文章举了三个人的例子向我们说明面对困难，不要放弃，对自己有信心就一定能成功。
小题1:推理题。根据第一部分可知他患了糖尿病，但是他没有退缩，没有放弃，顽强地与病魔斗争，故D正确。
小题2:细节题。根据第二部分I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary.可知D正确。
小题3:猜测词义题。根据下文such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate.可知这里是指那些能让你不集中注意力的事物。
小题4:推理题。根据文章可知这三个人对自己的成功都很有信心。故A正确。

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Shopping is not as simple as you may think! There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we reach out for that particular brand (商标) of product on the shelf.
Colouring, for example, varies according to what the producers are trying to sell. Health foods are packaged (包装) in greens, yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy colours. Ice cream packets are often blue and expensive goods, like chocolates, are gold or silver.
When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package—blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.
The size of a product can attract a shopper. But quite often a bottle doesn’t contain as much as it appears to.
It is believed that the better-known companies spend, on average, 70 per cent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging!
The most successful producers know that it’s not enough to have a good product. The founder of Pears soap, who for 25 years has used pretty little girls to promote(推销) their goods, came to the conclusion: “Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius (天才) to sell it.”
小题1:Which of the following may trick a shopper into buying a product according to the text?

A．The cost of its package.	B．The price of the product.
C．The colour of its package.	D．The brand name of the product.

小题2:The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off”(in Para. 3 ) means that the colours _____.

A．attracted the customers strongly

B．had weak effects on the customers

C．tricked the customers into shopping

D．caused the customers to lose interest

小题3:Which of the following is the key to the success in product sales?

A．The way to promote goods.

B．The discovery of a genius.

C．The team to produce a good product.

D．The brand name used by successful producers.

小题4:Which of the following would be the best title for this text?

A．Choice of Good Products	B．Disadvantages of Products
C．Effect of Packaging on Shopping	D．Brand Names and Shopping Tricks

It was a cold winter afternoon. Robert stopped for a moment as he crossed the bridge and looked down at the river below. There were hardly any   36   on the river. Near the bridge, however, almost direct below,   37   was a small canoe (独木舟), with a boy in it. The boy was wearing 38   and shivering (颤抖) with cold, Robert noticed. Just then he heard a cry, “Help! Help!” The cry   39   from the river. Robert looked down. The boy was   40   the water and his canoe was floating away. “Help! Help!” he called again.
Robert was a good   41  . Taking off his clothes, he 42   into the river. The   43   water made him tremble all over,   44   in a few seconds he reached the boy. “Don’t be afraid,” he said and started to swim towards the river bank,  45   the boy with him. But at that   46   he noticed a large motor boat under the bridge. There were several people on the boat, all   47   in his direction. Robert   48   to swim towards the boat.
“Give me a hand,” he shouted   49   he got near the boat. He   50   up into a row of faces. “It’s funny,” he thought. “They look so   51  .” Silently they helped the boy into the boat and   52   him in a blanket (毯子). But they did not move to   53   Robert.
“Aren’t you going to pull me   54  , too?”
“You!” said one of the men. Robert noticed that he was standing next to a large   55  . “You! Why, we were making a film and you spoiled (破坏) a whole afternoon’s work! You can stay in the water!”

Friendship—Seven Tips on How to Make Friends
Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Friendship offers companionship, improves an individual self-worth and promotes good health. However making new friends comes easy for some people but for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful tips on how to make and keep friends.
Associate with others. The first step to making friends is associating with other people. Health clubs, places of worship and charities are some places where you can meet new people and build friendship. But attending these places is not enough. You will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member.
Be cheerful. A smile on the face is a sure way to attract new friends as people are always drawn to a cheerful disposition. No one wants to keep company with someone who constantly looks upset.
Start a conversation. Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. Do not wait to be spoken to；you can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people regardless of the environment or circumstance.
Stay in touch. For a friendship to grow you need to stay in touch. There are several ways of staying in touch with your friends and these include SMS, phone calls and online social networking sites.
Do things together. Choosing friends with common interest is important in establishing friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together and hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. The less you have in common with your friend the more likely the friendship will not grow.
Let it grow. It is a good thing to stay in touch but try not to choke your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and eventually they may not want to be your friend anymore. The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.
Enjoy your friendship. The best way to enjoy your new friends is to allow them to be themselves. Try not to be critical of them and try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be.

Theme	Friendship, which has a positive （76） __________on people’s life, is a very important human relationship.
（77） _______ on making and keeping friends	Be （78）__________with people by going to public places. Take an active part in activities to create （79） __________for others to know you.
	（80）__________a smile all the time to make others willing to get close to you.
	Try to have a conversation with others （81）__________ of environment or circumstance.
	Contact your friends in some ways, （82）__________ SMS, phone calls and online social networking.
	Choose friends whose interests are （83） __________to yours, which will bring you pleasant experiences when you do things together.
	（84）__________ calling or visiting friends too frequently and leave friendships grow naturally.
	Remember not to find fault with or （85）__________your friends, and make them as what they are.

It’s not easy growing up. Growing up can be a real “pain” for some of us. Sometimes we feel trapped, sometimes we feel sad, sometimes we are fearful, and sometimes we just don’t understand why we can’t stay young forever. But we should take a look back on all the hardships in life with a positive attitude and learn from them. We must overcome every obstacle one small step at a time. We should realize that all of our growing pains actually turn into growing gains!
Throughout our lives we are going to face many challenges and pains, but we should never let these obstacles keep us from following our dreams. We must overcome every obstacle one small step at a time.
As a young girl, my parents forced me to do so many things that I didn’t like. They made me learn to play the violin and then the piano. At that time I hated music and I also hated them. But looking back now, I am so glad that my parents encouraged me to take music lessons. Music has enriched(丰富) my life in so many ways. I now realize that my parents and teachers wanted me to have a better life than they did themselves.
We are all going to experience growing pains, but they are just part of our life. They might seem so huge at the time, but we must be strong. Think about how we would feel if we had no challenges and lived a life like that. Life would be really boring and meaningless. The future is ours! A little hard work and sweat never hurt anyone! If we realize that these pains are just small bumps(碰撞) on our road to success, we will realize that our growing pains are actually growing gains!
小题1:The underlined word “obstacles” (in Paragraph 2) roughly means things that ______.

A．are related to your studies

B．you easily achieve

C．make you happy

D．make it difficult for you to do something

小题2:How does the author now feel when remembering what her parents did for her in the past?

A．She is fearful	B．She is grateful
C．She feels trapped	D．She feels hateful

小题3:We can know from the last paragraph that _____________.

A．life without challenges is dull

B．life needs no pains but sunshine and happiness

C．we should give up faced with challenges as the future is ours

D．we shouldn’t easily pay a little hard work in growing up

小题4:The purpose of the passage is to tell readers____________.

A．life is full of hardships

B．growing pains can turn into growing gains in a positive way

C．everyone is painful in growing up

D．everyone should do what they don’t like when young

It’s a nightmare for Huazhong University of Science and Technology （HUST）: within a week，two students committed suicide by jumping off dorm buildings．对于整个华中科技大学来说，这简直就是场噩梦：一周之内，两名学生在宿舍跳楼自杀。
Officials from the university are reluctant to give interviews．校方官员们不愿接受采访。
“We had a hard time calming down students who were shocked at the suicides,” said Zhang Jingyuan，one official of HUST．
“Media coverage may arouse some students’ negative emotions again．Suicide can be contagious,” Zhang said．他说，“媒体的报道将会再次引发学生的消极情绪，自杀是会传染的。”
The university reacted promptly to the first suicide on October 23．对于今年10月23号发生的第一起自杀事件，华中科技大学迅速做出应急措施。
Advisors and class leaders conducted dorm-to-dorm checks to find students suffering depression．Then psychologists offered one-on-one counseling to them．辅导员和班长们走访了每个宿舍，找出遭遇抑郁的学生。然后，心理咨询师会为这些学生提供一对一的心理咨询。
Notice boards publicizing tips for identifying peers’ mental problems and offering help were set up in front of dorm buildings．Leaflets carrying similar information were handed out to each dorm．宿舍楼前竖起一些布告栏，为同学们普及关于如何发现身边人遭遇心理问题并提供帮助的小贴士。印有类似内容的小册子也被分发给每个寝室。
However，the second suicide came seven days later．然而，七天后，第二起自杀事件发生了。
Both students were described as men of few words．Their schoolmates didn’t see anything to indicate suicide．据周围人描述，这两名学生都很少言寡语。他们的同学都没有觉察到任何自杀前的征兆。
Zhang revealed that the two students had been bothered by mental disorders．But the school didn’t know this until the students’ close friends outside school and their parents unveiled the truth after the suicides．章劲元透露，这两名学生曾经饱受心理疾病的困扰。但是学校对此并不知情，他们校外的好友和家长也是在自杀事件发生后才说出实情。
According to Zhang，there are only three full-time counselors working in the university’s counseling center for its 60,000 students．He complained: “It’s unrealistic to rely only on counselors to detect students’ mental problems．”据章劲元说，全校共有六万名学生，但学校的心理咨询中心只有三位全职心理咨询师。他抱怨说：“仅仅依靠心理咨询师来察觉学生的心理问题，这是不现实的。”
Effective prevention comes from long-term education for life instead of temporary intervention to meet an emergency，said Hu Yi’an．Hu delivers a course of lectures on life and death at Guangzhou University．He worries that universities have paid little attention to education for life．有效的预防来自于长期的生命教育，而并非遭遇紧急状况时的临时干预，胡毅安（音译）说。他在广州大学教授以生命和死亡为主题的课程。他为各大高校给予生命教育的关注少之又少而担忧。
“Education for life helps students respect and love life so they won’t resort to ending their lives when they have difficulties,” said Hu．“生命教育可以帮助学生尊重、热爱生命，这样一来，当他们遇到困难的时候就不会选择结束生命了,” 胡毅安说。
According to Hu，the principles can be incorporated into everyday teaching．胡毅安还表示，这些观念可以融入到日常教学中去。
Hu is also concerned that some universities are conveying discriminatory message that will hold back students from seeking help．胡老师也很担心一些大学传递出带有歧视性的信息会使得学生们不愿去寻求帮助。
When HUST conducted the dorm-to-dorm examination，students with poor academic performance were paid special attention．In March，Peking University also released a controversial policy，which required teachers to have a chat with students “with biased thinking”．当华中科技大学校方挨个宿舍进行走访时，学习成绩较差的学生也被给予了特别关照。三月份，北京大学也推行了一项备受争议的政策，该新规要求教师们要找那些学生中的“激进分子”谈话。
However，Hu suggested that students step out of their comfort zone to seek real-life communication．
小题1:The underlined word “reluctant” in paragraph 2 probably means “ ”．

小题2:Which measure the university took to the first suicide is incorrect?

A．Conducting checks to find out the students’ depression．

B．Offering counseling to the students．

C．Setting up notice boards publicizing tips for identifying peers’ mental problems and offering help．

D．Handing out leaflets to each student．

小题3:Which of the following is right according to the text?

A．Officials of HUST were willing to give the details about the suicide．

B．HUST didn’t respond to the first suicide．

C．What the university about the suicide was a success．

D．Their close friends and parents did know the students had mental disorder．

小题4:What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Two students of HUST committed suicide．

B．What can we do to prevent the student’s suicide?

C．The reasons why the students committed suicide．

D．The dangers in the universities in China．

We might like to think we're not influenced by other people, but a new study into the group-buying mechanisms（机制） - like those used on coupon（优惠券） sites such as Groupon and LivingSocial - reveals that telling buyers who come later to the offer how many have already signed up increases the number of purchasers.
Researchers at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management wanted to understand why group buying sites that have entered the market recently have enjoyed greater success than those operating a decade ago, such as Mercata and MobShop.
Earlier attempts typically left potential buyers waiting for days before confirming whether or not they had got the offer they had signed up for.
“We think one of the reasons group-buying has been successful recently is because of the short time horizon,” says Rotman Professor Ming Hu, who co-wrote the study with Professor Mengze Shi and PhD student Jiahua Wu. “It allows for a herding effect.”
Another reason is the use of an information structure that discloses to later arrivals how many have already signed onto the deal.
Researchers looked at two ways of designing the purchasing mechanism for a group buy:a simultaneous mechanism, where no one knows how many buyers have come before them, and asequential（连续的） mechanism, where a second group of buyers has the advantage of knowing the size of the first group.
The researchers' analytical（分析的） model shows the most successful mechanism is the sequential one because it eliminates uncertainty for those coming later to the deal, and improves the confidence of those who sign on early, as they're able to track the numbers of those who come after them.
“That boosts confidence,” says Professor Hu, who teaches operations management. Deals for "luxury" services, versus everyday items, work better in a group buy scenario（方案） because they offer consumers a greater benefit.
小题1:It can be learned from the text that ______.

A．the short time horizon is the reason why group-buying has been successful.

B．a simultaneous mechanism is where a group of buyers has the advantage of knowing how many people have signed up.

C．a sequential mechanism allows a herding effect which boosts the confidence of the buyers.

D．researchers at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management carried out an experiment about why group buying sites entered the market successfully, such as Mercata and MobShop.

小题2:The underlined word “eliminates” in paragraph 7 probably means“______”.

A．to become or to make something greater in amount, number, value

B．to remove or get rid of something

C．to deliberately not include something in what you are doing or considering

D．to make something known to somebody

小题3:What can be the best title for the passage?

A．Secret for marketing success – boosting confidence.

B．Secret for group-buying mechanism—herding effect.

C．Comparison between a simultaneous mechanism and a sequential mechanism.

D．What others do influences our decisions.

In the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know. This means a hostess may not seat a small group until a small table is available, even if a large one is. If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them.
At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill.
Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day.
Serving in restaurants is often large; too large for many people. If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”. It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for yourself.
Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal. Some people have “Sunday dinner”. This is an especially big noon meal.
Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change.
小题1:Which statement is true?

A．American people like sitting with people they don’t know.

B．A hostess always seats a small group at a large table.

C．American people never sit with people they don’t know.

D．American people will not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking.

小题2:What is served before you order?

小题3:What do American people always do when servings are too large for them?

A．They take the food home with a doggie bag for their dogs.

B．They leave the food on the table and go away.

C．They take the food home with a doggie bag and enjoy the food later.

D．They ask the waitress or waiter to keep the food for them.

小题4:Sunday dinner is_______.

A．a dinner in the evening	B．A big noon meal
C．a big lunch on Sunday	D．A supper on Sunday

Everybody has had at least one experience from which he knows the meaning of life. This time, which took place several years ago, but seems as if it just happened.

He took the shirt and put it on bed, with the other clothes we were taking to the funeral. Then he closed the drawer and turned to me, “Don’t ever save anything for a special occasion. Every day you’re alive is a special occasion.”
I’m thinking about his words, and they’ve changed the way I live my life. I’m spending more time with my family and friends and less time in committee meetings. Whenever possible, life should be a kind of experience to enjoy, not to suffer. “Someday”and “one of these days”are losing their importance on my vocabulary. If it’s worth seeing or hearing or doing, I want to see and hear and do it now.
Ever since that day, I have been trying very hard not to put off, hold back or save anything that would add laughter and color to our lives. Every morning when I open my eyes, I tell myself that every day, every minute, every breath, truly is a gift. So cherish every day and find the true meaning of your life.
小题1:Why did Jan buy the beautiful skirt but didn’t wear it?

A．She waited for a special occasion to wear it on.

B．She wanted to keep it for someone else.

C．She saved it till she grew up.

D．She would give it to herself as a gift some day.

小题2:What does the underlined word “cherish” mean?

小题3:What does the author write this passage for?

A．To show how to make good use of everyday in life.

B．To explain the true meaning of his brother-in-law’s words.

C．To tell people to cherish every day and find the meaning of life.

D．To encourage people to waste time and enjoy themselves in life.

小题4:What’s the best title for this passage?

A．Every Day IS a Gift

B．My Sister Jan

C．What Is the Meaningful Life like

D．The Most Important Time in Your Life