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Happiness is like a pebble dropped into a pool to cause a circle of ripples. As Stevenson said, "Being happy is a duty."

There is no exact 1. (definite) of the word "happiness". Happy people are happy for all sorts of reasons. The key is not wealth or physical well-being 2. we find beggars, the disabled and so-called failures 3. are extremely happy.

Being happy is a sort of unexpected dividend(红利). But staying happy is an accomplishment, a triumph of the soul. It is not selfish to strive 4. it. It is, indeed, a duty to ourselves and 5. .

Being 6. is like an infectious disease. It causes people to shrink away from the sufferer. He soon finds himself alone and miserable. There is, 7. , a cure so simple that it seems, at first glance, ridiculous: if you don’t feel happy, pretend 8. (be)!

It works. Before long you 9. (find) that instead of annoying people, you attract them. You discover how deeply rewarding it is to be the center of a wider and wider circle of good will.

Then the make-believe becomes 10. reality. You possess the secret of peace of mind, and can forget yourself in being of service to others.

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Ways to Increase Your Confidence

There are some ways you can use to increase your self?confidence. Some of them you'll need to practise a lot before they start to work, It's like playing the guitar or soccer. __1._ But as you do them, you build a deeper confidence in yourself.

__2.__

Exercise will improve your confidence and your way of looking at life. Plus, being healthy and looking better can also help you feel more confident.

Create something.

Everyone is a creative (有创造力的) person, Rediscovering your creativity is a good way to improve your confidence in yourself. Creating something is a wonderful but not always easy experience. But when you're done, you not only feel good about yourself. __3._

Use your body.

If you start to walk fast you'll soon start to feel nervous. If you start to walk slower you'll soon start to feel more relaxed. To feel more cgnfident, use your body in a more confident way. __4.__ Learn how confident people around you or on the TV use their bodies.

Compare yourself to yourself.

This will take away a lot of unnecessary pain in your life. __5.__ Compare yourself to yourself. Improve yourself and see how you grow and become a more successful, more confident and happier person.

A. Take exercise.

B. Take it into the future.

C. This makes you more active.

D. Walk, sit, stand and move in a more confident way.

E. Sometimes you will also discover new parts of yourself.

F. Pay attention to yourself, not the other people around you.

G.They might not work too well the first or second time you try them.

One day I was walking home along the street with my iPad on，when suddenly my headphones(耳机）were knocked off my head and a man threw his arm around my neck，saying“Just be quiet．” I was being attacked，and this man's arm was gripping（紧夹）onto me！I started screaming and tried to pull him off me, but failed. He was forcing me to walk towards the back of an auto repair shop and he just kept saying“Be quiet.”

My mind froze with fear. Then I heard my great-grandmother’s voice in my head. She was saying“Come on now. I know you are stronger than that！” She was the rock in our family until she died four years ago.

I have never had any self-defense(自卫）training, but I went for it--I let out a loud scream as I kicked my leg back into his shin(胫骨）！He let go of me(放开我) and I ran off. When I looked back to see if he was running after me，I saw he was running in the opposite direction. Then I ran like crazy to a nearby store.

I asked the girl at the counter for the phone and called my mom. She picked me up five minutes later and I explained what happened through sobs(抽泣)．“I am calling the police!” She exclaimed. When we got home，two officers were waiting for us and I told them what had happened.

After my experience，I was afraid to do anything. Things slowly got better，but I still don’t like anyone going near my neck.

The fear isn’t totally gone-after all; the guy is still out there somewhere. But I had a new understanding of my own strength. I never expected to be able to fight off an attacker. I am stronger than I realized.

1.How did the author get rid of the man？

A. She used all her strength to pull him off her.

B. Her loud scream scared the attacker and people came to help.

C. Her great-grandmother’s words gave her the strength to defend herself.

D. Her great-grandmother came and helped.

2.After the author escaped from the man，_________.

A. she screamed to get more attention

B. she looked back to remember his appearance

C. she called the police

D. she called her mother

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？

A. The attack made the author more confident in a way.

B. The author suddenly remembered some self-defense movements.

C. The author was so frightened that she did nothing to fight back.

D. The accident left no influence on the author now.

4.What might be the author’s purpose of writing this passage？

A. To warn teenagers of possible dangers on the way to school.

B. To show how brave she was while she was being attacked at that time.

C. To share her experience and tell us that we are perhaps not as weak as we thought we were.

D. To show the importance of self-defense training.

Are there any foreigners in your city? How do you address(称呼) them in English when you want to talk to these foreigners? The following may be some simple rules the beginners should follow.

1. When talking to strangers there is often no special form of address in English. In most cases, if you want to catch the attention of a stranger， it is necessary to use such phrases as “Excuse me”.

2. In British English “Sir” and “Madam” are considered to be too formal for most situations. They are used mostly to customers in shops or restaurants. While in American English “Sir” and “Madam” are not so formal and are commonly used between strangers, especially with older people whose names you don’t know.

3. When you talk to some people you know, you can use their names directly. If you are friends, use their first names; if your relationship is more formal, use “Mr.”, “Mrs.”, “Ms.”, etc, before their family names.

4. There are many other forms of address which can be used between friends and strangers. However, many of these are limited in use. For example, “pal” and “mate” can be used between strangers, but are usually only used by men talking to other men.

If you meet foreigners, do remember not to address them in wrong ways.

1.According to the passage, “Excuse me” is mainly used to _______.

A. address a friend B. apologize to others

C. catch the attention of a stranger D. suggest good manners

2.If John Smith is your best friend, according to the passage you should often call him______.

A. John B. Smith C. Mr. John D. Mr. Smith

3.What is the title of this passage?

A. Foreigners in Your City

B. How to Introduce Others

C. Politeness Education

D. How to Address Foreigners

The landmark success of herbal (药草的) expert Tu Youyou, the first Chinese woman national to win a Nobel prize in science, has aroused an extreme sense of national pride and hopes on the future of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Tu, born in 1930, shared the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Irish-born William Campbell and Japan’s Satoshi Omura for her discoveries concerning a therapy against malaria.

She discovered Artemisinin（青篙素）, a drug that has significantly reduced the death rates for patients suffering from malaria(疟疾). “Artemisinin is a gift for the world people from the traditional Chinese medicine. It is of great importance for curing malaria and other infectious diseases and for protecting the health of the world people,” Tu said in Beijing. “The discovery of Artemisinin is a successful example of collective research on traditional Chinese medicine. The prize winning is an honor for China’s science cause and traditional Chinese medicine in their course of reaching out to the world.”

“Tu’s winning the prize indicates China’s prosperity (繁荣) and progress in scientific and technological field, marks a great contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to the cause of human health, and show cases China’s growing strengths and rising international standing,” Premier Li Keqiang said in a congratulatory letter Monday evening.

In 2011, Tu became the first scientist on the mainland to win America’s respected Lasker Award for her discovery of a new method to malaria treatment，which are given annually to people who have made major advances in the understanding, treatment, cure and prevention of human diseases since 1945. Graduating from the Beijing Medical College in 1955, she is chief researcher and professor at the Beijing-based China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.

On China’s Twitter-like Sina Weibo, the news has been sent by at least tens of thousands of users and received many “thumb-ups.” Netizen（网民）“Xiaoxie” wrote, “ Now I feel truly proud of being a medical student.”

1.We can learn from the text that Artemisinin has a good effect on ______ .

A. reducing the death rates of cancer patients.

B. curing patients suffering from malaria.

C. declining the infection rates of diseases.

D. preventing people from being infected with malaria.

2.How old was Tu You you when she received Lasker Award?____

A. 85 B. 81 C. 45 D. 25

3.Which of the following is Not True?___

A. Tu’s winning the prize has aroused a strong feeling of nation pride in China.

B. Premier Li Keqiang praised medical researchers for their work and achievements.

C. The congratulatory letter shows that both China’s strengths and international standing have reached the highest rank around the world.

D. The Lasker Award is awarded to people for their excellent contributions to medical science every year.

4.What type of writing is this text? ____

A. An advertisement B. An announcement

C. A speech D. A report

My parents moved to Mississippi when my brother and I were small children, and we were separated from our Oklahoma grandparents by some 600 miles. This geographic distance allowed us to only visit our grandparents once a year, either at Christmas or during summer vacation.

Most of my classmates lived near their grandparents, and I would routinely hear stories of extended families(大家庭) regularly spending time with one another, fishing at "grandpa’s" house or going over to "grandma’s" for her famous fried chicken. We were disappointed that we did not get to spend more time with our grandparents, but our love for them remained deep and strong.

We always expected a road trip to Oklahoma. We would count the days, and when the day came, the entire family would pile into our car at four o’clock in the morning. Crossing the Mississippi River into Louisiana, the landscape(风景) changed. Crossing the Red River in Oklahoma, we were in a foreign world.

Every trip to see my grandparents can’t be without bringing delight. We jumped out of the car in their driveway to be met with bear hugs. My grandparents wanted to know everything about their grandchildren, and we would sit for hours and tell story after story. Grandma had a meal planned, and you could bet she fixed her grandsons’ favorite foods. Of course the best part of the visit was that we were able to do whatever we wanted without punishment from our grandparents. Grandma and Grandpa always had presents for us, neat scenic trips planned and lovely surprises, such as the time we got to go to a local restaurant and eat the world’s largest hamburger.

1.The family don’t visit the grandparents often because .

A.they seldom have a vacation

B.they have a bad attitude to them

C.they are all busy with their work

D.they live far away from each other

2.When hearing his classmates’ stories, the author .

A.often felt deep sorrow

B.would call his grandparents

C.felt a bit jealous at heart

D.would feel sorry for his poor life

3.Whenever the author and his brother met their grandparents, they .

A.were full of great excitement

B.found they were in a foreign world

C.shared cooking skills with each other

D.seemed not to be familiar with each other

4.What can we infer from the author’s story?

A.Distance can’t break the bond of love.

B.Physical separation hurts the heart deeply.

C.Distance leads to the most beautiful scene.

D.Family life is filled with love and understanding.

Everyone agrees that it’s necessary to reduce carbon emissions （排放物） around the world. There is less agreement over exactly how nations should go about achieving a more carbon - free planet. Thus, the environmental equivalent: cap – and – trade carbon emissions, or place a carbon tax on all users?

With cap - and - trade programs, governments limit the level of carbon produced by an industry. Companies that hold their emissions below the cap can sell their remaining allowance on a carbon market, while companies that go beyond their limit must purchase credits on that market. Carbon taxes are more straightforward: a set tax rate is placed on the consumption of carbon with the idea that raising the price will encourage industries and individuals to consume less. At the moment, cap-and-trade has the upper hand, but doesn’t defeat the tax just yet.

Supporters of the tax argue that a cap – and – trade system would be too difficult to administer – and too easily gamed by industries looking to sidestep emissions caps. Cap-and-trade advocates contradict that like all other flat taxes, a carbon collection would relatively burden lower – income families, who spend a greater percentage of their income on energy than rich households.

So which system will have a larger effect on carbon consumption? A 10% carbon tax might reduce the demand for carbon about 5 % or less, according to an analysis by the Carbon Tax Center, an environmental advocacy group. That may not be enough. Businesses and governments haven’t figured out how the two competing systems can work together, but in the end, the world may need both.

1.The passage focuses on_________.

A. programs of collecting taxes

B. systems of reducing carbon emissions

C. reasons for reducing carbon emissions

D. contradictions between the two systems

2.According to the cap – and – trade program, companies_________ .

A. are forbidden to produce carbon emissions

B. are allocated the same amount of carbon consumption

C. can sell their remaining allowance within their limits

D. can sell the extra amount of carbon at a higher price

3.Carbon taxes work by _________.

A. burdening well – off families

B. encouraging industries to consume carbon

C. raising the price for carbon consumption

D. limiting the carbon consumption of industries only

4. The underlined word “cap” in the second paragraph most likely refers to_________. A. limit B. credit C. level D. rate

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A strong memory depends on the health and vitality （活力） of your brain. They say that you can’t teach an old dog new tricks, but when it comes to the brain, scientists have discovered that this old saying simply isn’t true. 1.

Give your brain a workout. Memory, like muscular strength, requires you to “use it or lose it”. The more you work out your brain, the better you’ll be able to process and remember information. 2.

Don’t skip the physical exercise. While mental exercise is important for brain health, that doesn’t mean you never need to break a sweat. Physical exercise helps your brain stay sharp. It increases oxygen to your brain and reduces the risk for disorders that lead to memory loss.

Get enough sleep. There is a big difference between the amount of sleep you can get by on and the amount you need to function at your best. 3.

Keep stress in check. Stress is one of the brain’s worst enemies. Over time, stress destroys brain cells. Studies have also linked stress to memory loss.

Have a laugh. 4. That holds true for the brain and the memory, as well as the body. Unlike emotional responses, which are limited to specific areas of the brain, laughter engages multiple regions across the whole brain.

5. Just as the body needs fuel, so does the brain. You probably already know that a diet based on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, “healthy” fats and lean protein will provide lots of health benefits, but such a diet can also improve memory. For brain health, though, it’s not just what you eat—it’s also what you don’t eat.

A. Eat a brain-boosting diet.

B. Play games with memory.

C. Laughter is the best medicine.

D. But oversleeping is not good for your brain.

E. Even skipping a few hours makes a difference!

F. You have to shake things up from time to time!

G. The human brain has an astonishing ability to adapt and change.

THEATRE

City Varieties

The Headrow, Leeds. Tel. 430808

Oct 10—11 only A Night at the Varieties. All the fun of an old music hall with Barry Cryer,Duggle Brown, 6 dancers, Mystina, Jon Barker, Anne Dural and the Tony Harrison Trio; Laugh again at the old jokes and listen to your favorite songs.

Performances: 8 pm nightly.

Admission: ?5; under 16 or over 60: ?4.

York Theatre Royal

St Leonard's Place, York. Tel. 223568

Sept. 23--Oct 17 Groping for Words - a comedy by Sue Townsend. Best known for her Adrian Mole Diaries, Townsend now writes about an evening class, which two men and a woman attend. A gentle comedy.

Admission: First night, Mon: ?2; Tues—Fri: ?3.25 - 5.50; Sat: ?3.50 - 5.75.

Halifax Playhouse

King's Cross Street, Halifax. Tel. 365998

Oct 10—17 On Golden Pond by Ernest Thompson. This is a magical comedy about real people. A beautifully produced, well-acted play for everyone. Don't miss it.

Performances: 7:30 pm.

Admission: ?2. Mon: 2 seats for the price of one

Grand Theatre

Oxford Street, Leeds. Tel. 502116

Restaurant and Caf?

Oct —17 The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13. Sue Townsend’s musical play, based on her best-selling book.

Performances: Evenings 7:45. October 10—17,at 2:30 pm. No Monday performances.

Admission: Tues—Thurs: ?2—5; Fri & Sat: ?2—6.

1. Which theatre offers the cheapest seat?

A. City Varieties B. Halifax Playhouse

C. Grand Theatre D. York Theatre Royal

2.If you want to see a play with old jokes and songs, which phone number will you ring to book a seat?

A. 430808 B. 223568 C. 365998 D. 502116

3. We may learn from the text that Sue Townsend is________.

A. a musician B. an actress

C. a writer D. a director

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