题目内容
9.Rosalind Franklin always liked facts.She was logical and precise,and impatient with things that were otherwise.She decided to become a scientist when she was 15.She passed the examination for admission to Cambridge University in 1938,and it sparked a family crisis.Although her family was well-to-do and had a tradition of public service and charity,her father disapproved of university education for women.He refused to pay.An aunt stepped in and said Franklin should go to school,and she would pay for it.Franklin's mother also took her side until her father finally gave in.She was invited to King's College in London to join a team of scientists.The leader of the team assigned her to work on DNA with a graduate student.Franklin's assumption was that it was her own project.The laboratory's second-in-command,Maurice Wilkins,was on vacation at the time,and when he returned,their relationship was puzzling.He assumed she was to assist his work; she assumed she'd be the only one working on DNA.They had powerful personality differences as well:Franklin direct,quick,decisive,and Wilkins shy,hesitant,and passive.
In 1953,Wilkins changed the course of DNA history by disclosing,without Franklin's permission,her Photo 51to competing scientist James Watson,who was working on his own DNA model with Francis Crick at Cambridge.Upon seeing the photograph,Watson said,"My jaw fell open and my pulse began to race,"according to author Brenda Maddox who wrote the book Rosalind Franklin:The Dark Lady of DNA.
The two scientists did in fact use what they saw in Photo 51as the basis for their famous model of DNA,which they published on March 7,1953,and for which they received a Nobel Prize in 1962.Crick and Watson were also able to take most of the credit for the finding:they included a footnote acknowledging that they were"stimulated by a general knowledge"of Franklin's and Wilkin's unpublished contribution,when much of their work was rooted in Franklin's photo and findings.Franklin didn't know that these men based their article on her research,and she didn't complain either,likely as a result of her upbringing.Franklin"didn't do anything that would invite criticism…(that was) bred into her,"Maddox said.
66.Wilkins'relationship with Franklin was characterized byC.
A.unity and harmony
B.confusion and competition
C.cooperation and miscommunication
D.misunderstanding and conflict
67.What does Watson mean by saying"My jaw fell open and my pulse began to race"?B
A.He was confused that Crick had not made this discovery.
B.He was surprised that Wilkins had discovered this information.
C.He was satisfied with the importance of Photo 51.
D.He was anxious about the progress Wilkins and Franklin had made.
68.What is Brenda Maddox's main intention according to the quote in the last paragraph?C
A.To re-evaluate the importance of the DNA model.
B.To criticize King's College and Cambridge.
C.To emphasize Franklin's importance in science.
D.To deny Watson's and Crick's contribution to science.
69.Franklin's career as a scientist demonstratesD.
A.that her work was pointing at the most difficult problem
B.that she was the only female scientist during the period
C.the importance of DNA in modern science
D.that perseverance leads to success and recognition of field scientists.
分析 Rosalind Franklin总是喜欢事实.她是一个有逻辑性和一丝不苟的人,并且对不以为然的事情难以容忍.在15岁的时候她决定要成为一名科学家.在1938年,她通过了剑桥大学的入学考试,这也引发了一场家庭危机.尽管她家境富裕,有一个做公益和慈善的传统,但是她父亲不赞成妇女进入大学接受教育.他拒绝为她支付学费.她的一个姑妈走了进来说富兰克林应该去上学,她会为她付学费的.富兰克林的母亲也支持她直到她父亲终于做出让步.
她被邀请到伦敦的国王学院加入一个科学家团队.团队的领导指派她和一名研究生从事DNA的工作.富兰克林的想法是这项工作是她自己的项目.实验室的二把手,Maurice Wilkins,那时正在休假.当他回来的时候,他们的关系是令人费解的.他以为她是来协助他工作地然而她以为她是唯一一个致力于DNA研究的人.他们之间也拥有很大的个性差异:富兰克林直接、快速、果断,而威尔金斯害羞,犹豫,和消极.
1953年,威尔金斯改变了DNA的历史进程----在没有获得富兰克林许可的情况下,威尔金斯将她照片"Photo 51"透露给了存有竞争关系的科学家James Watson.James Watson正与Francis Crick在剑桥大学从事他自己的DNA模型研究.根据写这本书"Rosalind Franklin:The Dark Lady of DNA"的作者Brenda Maddox说道:一看到照片,Watson说,"我的下巴掉了下来,而且我的心跳开始加快."
实际上,两位科学家的确使用了他们在照片Photo 51上所看到的东西做为他们著名的DNA模型的基础理论,然后他们将该理论在1953年3月7日发表.并因此他们在1962获得了诺贝尔奖.Crick 和 Watson也因为该发现而获得了很多好评:他们列了一个脚注,承认他们受到了来自富兰克林和Wilkin的未发表的稿件的激励,他们的大部分工作是源于富兰克林的照片和研究结果.富兰克林不知道这些人是根据她的研究来写的文章,她没有抱怨,可能是因为她很有教养.Maddox说:"富兰克林没做过任何会招致批评的事情…".
解答 66C.细节理解题.根据文中第二段的"The leader of the team assigned her to work on DNA with a graduate student.Franklin's assumption was that it was her own project.The laboratory's second-in-command,Maurice Wilkins,was on vacation at the time,and when he returned,their relationship was puzzling.He assumed she was to assist his work; she assumed she'd be the only one working on DNA.They had powerful personality differences as well:Franklin direct,quick,decisive,and Wilkins shy,hesitant,and passive."这部分内容可知他们之间的关系是同事关系,但因为性格的差异,相互之间沟通有问题,所以答案选C.
67B.推理判断题.根据文章最后一段的信息可知Watson和Francis Crick承认他们受到了来自富兰克林和Wilkin的未发表的稿件的激励,他们的大部分工作是源于富兰克林的照片和研究结果.因此当威尔金斯把照片那给他时,他很惊讶以为威尔金斯已经发现了这个信息.故选答案B.
68C.推理判断题.根据文章最后一段的信息"Franklin didn't know that these men based their article on her research,and she didn't complain either,likely as a result of her upbringing."可知富兰克林不知道这些人是根据她的研究来写的文章,她也没有抱怨.因此Maddox的言语是来强调富兰克林在科学界的重要性的,故答案选C.
69D.推理判断题.根据全文对Rosalind Franklin事迹的描述,可知毅力会让科学家们成功和在科学界的得到认可.故答案选D.
点评 本文是一片人物传记类文章.题目较难,不易把握,其中有3道推理判断题.做这类题时,考生应在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断.
A. | Motivation | B. | Imitation | C. | Generosity | D. | Curiosity |