Tips for Cycle Trips

Cycling has many advantages as a form of travel, as it is the fastest way to travel by human Power, and slow enough to allow the type of local involvement that is impossible with powered travel.Cycle travel is a cheap form of transportation.

Distance

On level terrain(地形),without a headwind, a cyclist of average fitness on a touring bike can comfortably cover 60-120km a day.Distances of up to 250km a day are possible, but anything much beyond 120km will require considerable physical tension and not allow many stops to enjoy the places you visit.For many,80-100km a day will be the most suitable distance to aim for, as it

will give a sense of achievement and also leave plenty of time for meals and activities.

Geography

The gradient(坡度)of the trip will reduce your range.A basic rule is that for every 100 metres of altitude you climb, you should add an extra 15 minutes to your journey time.In hilly or mountainous areas, the easiest routes for cycling are downstream along major rivers, as overall they will be downhill.A long, roundabout route along a river will usually be easier than a short, direct route over a hill or mountain pass.However, it is worth bearing in mind that the most scenic routes often come from hilly terrain.

Eat

Food choice depends largely on where you are, so see the respective sections for more information about foods. As you will be working hard, it's important to get enough energy in your food. On long trips away from major towns-there may be little quality food available, so be prepared to live on candy bars, prepared meat products and the like if the need arises.

Sleep

While you can take a tent with you, many hotels and especially campsites can accommodate cyclists. However, there are also some hotels that may be less used to accommodating cyclists.If you are exploring an unfamiliar word, asking about the accommodation spares you the search for a new place to stay after a long exhausting day of travel.

1.Which of the following distance does the author suggest to ordinary cyclists a day?

A.50km. B.90km. C.130km. D.250km.

2.Form the passage, we can learn that_____________.

A.high quality food is easy to get on long trips

B.hotels seldom provide accommodation for cyclists

C.cycling over a mountain is challenging but worthy

D.it takes cyclists 15 minutes to climb 100m of altitude

3.We can probably read this passage in___________.

A.a geography book B.a research report

C.a science fiction D.a travel magazine

Oseola McCarty spent more than 75 years washing and ironing other people’s clothes.As a laundrywoman, she was paid only a few dollars each time.Certainly nobody would consider her rich, so they were all amazed when Miss McCarty decided to donate $ 150,000 to the University of Southern Mississippi.

The money was in fact her life savings.She could save such a large amount of money because she lived a very simple life.She never learned to drive, and when she wanted to go somewhere, she just walked.She never flew to anywhere till the donation,and in 50 years she had been out of the South only once.The house in which she lived was also a rather modest one her last uncle left her.Only after she became known in America did she begin to travel all over the country.Since then, she had been the subject of many interviews and articles and was even invited to the White House.

Her donation was for students who clearly needed financial help.She herself left school in the sixth grade and had never married or had children.She said to the reporters that the idea of helping somebody’s child go to college gave her much pleasure.

【写作内容】

用约120个词就Miss McCarty的捐助谈谈你的想法,内容包括:

(1)你如何看待她的捐助行为;

你认为她的捐助对受惠学生有哪些影响;

(3)如果你自己要捐助,你会选择哪个群体并陈述理由。

[写作要求]

1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文的句子。

2.作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。

Oseola McCarty was a laundrywoman for more than 75 years.She earned a few dollars each time.But she donated $150,000 which was her life savings to help the students who needed financial help.

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Are morning people born or made? In my case it was definitely made. In my early 20s, I hardly went to bed before midnight, and I would always get up late the next morning.

But after a while I couldn’t ignore the high relationship between success and rising early. On those rare occasions where I did get up early, I noticed that my productivity (效率) was always higher. So I set out to become a habitual early riser. But whenever my alarm went off, my first thought was always to stop that noise and go back to sleep. Eventually some sleep research showed that my strategy was wrong.

The most common wrong strategy is this: supposing you’re going to get up earlier, you’d better go to bed earlier. It sounds very reasonable, but will usually fail.

There are two main schools (流派) of thought on sleep patterns. One is that you should go to bed and get up at the same time every day. The second school says you should go to bed when you’re tired and get up when you naturally wake up. However, I have found both are wrong if you care about productivity. If you sleep at fixed hours, you’ll sometimes go to bed when you aren’t sleepy enough. You’re wasting time lying in bed awake.

My solution is to combine both methods. I go to bed when I’m sleepy and get up with an alarm clock at a fixed time. So I always get up at the same time (in my case 5 a.m.), but I go to bed at different times every night.

However, going to bed only when I’m sleepy, and getting up at a fixed time every morning are my ways. If you want to become an early riser, you can try your own.

1.Why did the author want to become a habitual early riser?

A. Because he / she found that the productivity was higher.

B. Because he / she wanted to do morning exercise.

C. Because he / she wanted to test which school is better.

D. Because he / she wanted to have more sleep time.

2.The author experienced all the following EXCEPT ________.

A. going to bed after midnight

B. asking scholars for advice on sleeping habits

C. getting up early occasionally

D. pressing off the alarm to go on sleeping

3. What’s the author’s sleep pattern?

A. Going to bed early and getting up early.

B. Going to bed late and getting up late.

C. Going to bed when sleepy and getting up at a fixed early time.

D. Going to bed early and getting up late.

4.The passage is mainly about ________.

A. main schools of thought on sleep patterns

B. how to have a good sleep

C. wrong strategies for getting up early

D. how to become an early riser

Alzheimer's disease(老年痴呆症)affects millions of people around the world. American researchers say the disease will affect more than one hundred million people worldwide by the year twenty fifty. That would be four times the current number. Researchers and doctors have been studying Alzheimer's patients for a century. Yet the cause and the cure for the mental sickness are still unknown. However, some researchers have made important steps towards understanding it.

Several early signs of the disease involve memory and thought processes. At first, patients have trouble remembering little things. Later, they have trouble remembering more important things, such as the names of their children.

There are also some physical tests that might show who is at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The tests look for proteins in brain and spinal cord(脊髓) fluid. The proteins appear to be found only in people with the disease. The protein tests correctly identify the presence of the disease in about ninety percent of patients.

Now, a much simpler physical test to predict Alzheimer's risk has been developed. Researchers found that trouble with the sense of smell can be one of the first signs of Alzheimer's. Using this information, they developed a test in which people were asked to identify twelve familiar smells. These smells included cinnamon, black pepper, chocolate, paint thinner, and smoke.

The study continued for five years. During this period, the same people were asked to take several tests measuring their memory and thought abilities. Fifty percent of those who could not identify at least four of the smells in the first test had trouble with their memory and thinking in the next five years.

Another study has shown a possible way to reduce a person's chances of developing Alzheimer's disease in old age. Researchers in Chicago found that people who use their brains more often are less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. Those who read a newspaper, or play chess or word games are about three times less likely to develop the condition.

Researchers say they still do not know what causes Alzheimer's disease. But they say these findings might help prevent the disease in the future.

1. What?s the main idea of the passage?

A. Some early signs of the Alzheimer's disease.

B. Some physical tests about Alzheimer's disease.

C. The research about Alzheimer's disease.

D. The patients of Alzheimer's disease.

2.What?s the current number of Alzheimer?s patients?

A. 100 million B. 25 million

C. 400 million D. 2050 million

3.What is not the early signs of the Alzheimer's disease according to the passage?

A. Poor memory

B. Proteins exist in the brain.

C. Trouble with the sense of smell.

D. Less use of the brain.

4.What does the underlined word it in paragraph 1 refer to?

A. Alzheimer's disease. B. Alzheimer's patients.

C. The cause and the cure. D. The research.

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