Reducing the amount of sleep students get at night has a direct impact on their performance at school during the day. According to classroom teachers, elementary and middle school students who stay up 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Reducing the amount of sleep students get at night has a direct impact on their performance at school during the day. According to classroom teachers, elementary and middle school students who stay up late exhibit more learning and attention problems. This has been shown by Brown Medical School and Bradley Hospital research. In the study, teachers were not told the amount of sleep students received when completing weekly performance reports, yet they rated the students who had received eight hours or less as having the most trouble recalling all the material, learning new lessons and completing high quality work. Teachers also reported that these students had more difficulty paying attention. The experiment is the first to ask teachers to report on the effects of sleep deficiency in children. Just staying up late can cause increased academic difficulty and attention problems for otherwise healthy, well functioning kids, said Garharn Forlone, the study’s lead author. So the results provide professionals and parents with a clear message: when a child is having learning and attention problems, the issue of sleep has to be taken into consideration. “If we don’t ask about sleep, and try to improve sleep patterns in kids’ struggling academically, then we aren’t doing our job”, Forlone said. For parents, he said, the message is simple, “getting kids to bed on time is as important as getting them to school on time.”

65．What were teachers told to do in the experiment?

A．Monitor students’ sleep patterns.

B．Help students concentrate in class.

C．Record students’ weekly performance.

D．Ask students to complete a sleep report

66．According to the experiment, what problem can insufficient sleep cause in students?

A．Declining health. B．Lack of attention.

C．Loss of motivation. D．Improper behavior.

67．What message did the researcher intend to convey to parents?

A．They should make sure their children are always punctual for school.

B．They should ensure their children grow up in a healthy environment.

C．They should help their children accomplish high quality work.

D．They should see to it that their children have adequate sleep.

CBD

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Everyone agrees that it’s necessary to reduce carbon emissions （排放物） around the world. There is less agreement over exactly how nations should go about achieving a more carbon - free planet. Thus, the environmental equivalent: cap – and – trade carbon emissions, or place a carbon tax on all users?

With cap – and – trade programs, governments limit the level of carbon produced by an industry. Companies that hold their emissions below the cap can sell their remaining allowance on a carbon market, while companies that go beyond their limit must purchase credits on that market. Carbon taxes are more straightforward: a set tax rate is placed on the consumption of carbon with the idea that raising the price will encourage industries and individuals to consume less. At the moment, cap – and – trade has the upper hand, but doesn’t defeat the tax just yet.

Supporters of the tax argue that a cap – and – trade system would be too difficult to administer – and too easily gamed by industries looking to sidestep emissions caps. Cap – and – trade advocates contradict that like all other flat taxes, a carbon collection would relatively burden lower – income families, who spend a greater percentage of their income on energy than rich households.

So which system will have a larger effect on carbon consumption? A 10% carbon tax might reduce the demand for carbon about 5 % or less, according to an analysis by the Carbon Tax Center, an environmental advocacy group. That may not be enough. Businesses and governments haven’t figured out how the two competing systems can work together, but in the end, the world may need both.

1. The passage focuses on_________.

A. programs of collecting taxes

B. systems of reducing carbon emissions

C. reasons for reducing carbon emissions

D. contradictions between the two systems

2. According to the cap – and – trade program, companies_________ .

A. are forbidden to produce carbon emissions

B. are allocated the same amount of carbon consumption

C. can sell their remaining allowance within their limits

D. can sell the extra amount of carbon at a higher price

3. Carbon taxes work by _________.

A. burdening well – off families

B. encouraging industries to consume carbon

C. raising the price for carbon consumption

D. limiting the carbon consumption of industries only

4. The underlined word “cap” in the second paragraph most likely refers to_________.

A. limit B. credit C. level D. rate

5. We can learn from the passage_________ .

A. carbon taxes are difficult to carry out

B. cap – and – trade plays a greater role at present

C. cap – and – trade will be preferable in the future

D. carbon taxes will be preferable in the future

CHICAGO （Reuters） - Smoking not only can wrinkle （起皱纹） the face and tarn it yellow—it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday．
The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body—even skin protected from the sun．
"We examined non - facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced," Dr．Yolanda Helfrich of the University of Michigan, who led the study, said in a statement．
"In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers．Similar findings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years," Helfrich "s team added in their report．
The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner right arms． They ranged, in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokers．Independent judges decided how wrinkled each person' s skin was．
When skin is exposed to sunlight, notably the face, it becomes coarse, wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint, Helfrich ' s team wrote．
Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking contributes to premature（过早的）skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light．
The report did not discuss die mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels （血管） beneath the skin to constrict （紧缩）, reducing blood supply to the skin．
Smoking can also damage the connective tissue that supports both die skin and the internal organs,．
【小题1】When your skin is exposed to sunlight long, it-becomes all of the following but _____．

【小题2】How wrinkled a person's skin is doesn't relate to _____．

A．the number of cigarettes a person smokes．

B．the kind and characteristics of skin

C．how long a person smokes

D．how long skin is under sunlight

【小题3】From the passage smoking results in skin aging mainly because _____.

A．it will lower blood supply to skin

B．it can make you feel tired

C．it can make skin come off

D．it can make blood run faster

【小题4】The main purpose of the passage is to _____．

A．inform people about the result of the study

B．advise people how to protect skin

C．warn people not to smoke again

D．introduce a new way of avoid skin aging

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Do you regularly get together to talk with your family about problems or the day’s events? _____1._____ Try these simple steps to improve your family’s communication skills.

1. Create opportunities for talking.

Make time for talking by reducing the number of activities your family is involved in each week. And if you do find yourself in the car running from place to place, make a point to turn off the radio, the cell phones and the personal game players, and use that opportunity to catch up on the day’s activities.

2. Insist on family meals.

In addition to bringing everyone together for a wrap-up of the day’s activities, insisting on a few standing family meals creates ritual and routine that kids come to expect and look forward to. _____2._____

3. _____3._____

Spending time with each of your children lets them know that are not getting lost in the hubbub of a busy day or large family. Older teens might enjoy going out for a hamburger or a latte at their favorite coffee place. Younger children often enjoy going to the supermarket, especially when you let them select their favorite cereal or special dessert.

4. Remember the 80/20 rule.

When trying to improve any relationship, listening is far more important than talking. ____4.____ If you do verbally explode before your child is finished, apologize quickly and assure him or her that you’re now ready to listen.

5. Create family traditions.

___5.____ Family members come to expect and appreciate these traditions, seeing them as opportunities to come together as a unit. If your family is short on traditions, there’s no reason you can’t start some now.

A．Maintaining(保持) positive family communications benefits your family in so many ways.

B．Lunches with aging parents keeps those relationships healthy, as well.

C．Setting up a family movie night, attending religious services or visiting the same spot every year for summer vacation are all the examples.

D．When it comes to family communication, listen four times longer than you speak.

E. Go on individual dates with your children.

F. Use the family dinner table as an opportunity to share what’s going on in family members’ lives.

G. Conversation is the key to any strong relationship, especially for family communication.

I am a team leader in an insurance company. We are going through a lot of changes right now, which is 36 much stress for all of us.

A few weeks ago I was having a day so 37 that I even doubted if I had the ability to do this challenging work, and was about ready to change to a less stressful job 38 . Something happened that day to change my way of 39 and I am so appreciative of this young lady. I want to let her know that the small act 40 .

On the top of my cubicle (工作隔间) I have a small collection of lighthouses (灯塔) to let people know where I am sitting 41 my team members have to find me for emergencies.

That day I came into the office and was about to get the day 42 when Crystal came over. I asked if she needed anything. And she said, “I 43 you something.” I looked at her with a 44 look and said, “Well, thank you, but why 45 you buy me anything?” I had never spoke to this young lady 46 . She said, “Every day I stand up and look across the 47 and see your lighthouses. Then I feel I am not alone and I encourage myself that there are always 48 things in life. I saw this on the way to work and thought 49 would like it. I wish it would have the same 50 as your lighthouses do.” In her hand she had a small globe with a lighthouse and a ship on it. I gave her a hug and 51 her. I don’t think she knows how much that small act of 52 changed my day: I remained 53 the rest of the day.

For anyone that reads this, I hope you remember, no matter what the 54 is, you could change someone’s day, 55 even his views on life.

1.A. preventing B. reducing C. causing D. suffering

2.A. funny B. nice C. bad D. dull

3.A. everywhere B. elsewhere C. anywhere D. nowhere

4.A. working B. behaving C. speaking D. thinking

5.A. broke my heart B. touched my heart C. lost my heart D. tore my heart

6.A. in case B. so that C. as if D. even though

7. A. ended B. started C. changed D. avoided

8.A. borrowed B. lent C. sold D. bought

9.A. delighted B. puzzled C. thankful D. worried

10.A. might B. dare C. could D. would

11.A. before B. then C. since D. after

12.A. dorm B. office C. ship D. tower

13.A. bright B. challenging C. bad D. stressful

14.A. colleagues B. leaders C. you D. I

15.A. opinion B. cause C. expectation D. effect

16.A. praised B. thanked C. scolded D. refused

17. A. justice B. courage C. kindness D. tolerance

18.A. careful B. encouraged C. tired D. alone

19. A. present B. work C. act D. intention

20.A. so B. for C. or D. nor

Do you regularly get together to talk with your family about problems or the day’s events? _____1_____ Want to improve your family's communication skills? Try these simple steps to improve your family’s communication skills.

1. Create opportunities for talking.

2. Insist on family meals.

3. _____3_____

4. Remember the 80/20 rule.

When trying to improve any relationship, listening is far more important than talking. _____4_____ If you do verbally explode before your child is finished, apologize quickly and assure him or her that you’re now ready to listen.

5. Create family traditions.

_____5_____ Family members come to expect and appreciate these traditions, seeing them as opportunities to come together as a unit. If your family is short on traditions, there’s no reason you can’t start some now.

A. We should have an active attitude to our family life.

B. Lunches with aging parents keep those relationships healthy, as well.

C. Setting up a family movie night, attending religious services or visiting the same spot every year for summer vacation are all the examples.

D. When it comes to family communication, listen four times longer than you speak.

E. Go on individual dates with your children.

F. Use the family dinner table as an opportunity to share what’s going on in family members’ lives.

G. Conversation is the key to any strong relationship, especially for family communication.

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