Researchers from France and Italy discovered that Canadian parents are less strict with their children than mothers and fathers in France and Italy.“Our most important finding was the difference betw 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Researchers from France and Italy discovered that Canadian parents are less strict with their children than mothers and fathers in France and Italy.

“Our most important finding was the difference between Canadians and the others，” said Professor Michel Claes，the lead author of the study.“Canadians focus on independence and negotiation．On the other hand，Italians，for example，exercise more control．We found Canadians seem to focus on negotiation in case of a conflict.”

Claes said Canada，France and Italy were selected for the study because they share important cultural and social factors.“We chose French?Canadians because they share the same language as France，and originally came from France and share certain values．Italy was included because it was considered to have similar，strong and important family values，” he explained.

The researchers examined the emotional ties between parents and their children by questioning 1,256 students aged 11 to 19 years old.

Canadian students reported less control and more free actions，according to the study．Italian parents were stricter and French parents were somewhere in the middle.

Claes explains that the differences lie in education in Canada，France and Italy.

“North America has its own educational values，which promote individualization．Tolerance and comprehension are encouraged．Italy，on the other hand，promotes respect of authority，control，and the need for permission.” he said.

Children from all three countries described their mothers as warm and communicative．Italian and Canadian children had similar feelings about their fathers，and reported high levels of emotional ties．But French fathers were generally thought by their children to be more distant and cold.

“We were surprised by this，” Claes admitted.“It seems as though the relationships between French mothers and their children were becoming closer over time，while fathers maintain a form of distance and coldness，which is more of a source of conflict in France than in the other countries.”

1.Professor Michel Claes believes that Canada，France and Italy ________.

A．have the same family spirit

B．have some similar cultural traditions

C．have experienced some similar social changes

D．have experienced similar cultural developments

2.How did the researchers carry out the study ?

A．By collecting answers of parents from Canada，France and Italy.

B．By collecting answers of children from Canada，France and Italy.

C．By questioning parents and their children from Italian Canadian families.

D．By questioning children from French?Canadian families.

3.According to Michel Claes，what mainly leads to the differences in parent?children relationships among Canada，France and Italy?

A．Educational opportunities.

B．Traditional ideas.

C．Educational values.

D．Historical events.

4.Which of the following is NOT a finding of the study?

A．French children have troubled relationships with their parents.

B．Canadian children have close relationships with their parents.

C．Italian children have good relationships with their parents.

D．Kids from Canada，France and Italy have closer ties with their moms.

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I haven’t watched __________ of the films directed by Mr. Turner, but judging from the one I have watched, I believe he will be famous someday.

A. any B. none C. all D. either

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I used to be the messiest person alive. Over the years, through watching others and by trial and error, I have finally found ways to come up with plans, organize them and follow through with them.

Make an outline of everything you need to have and do to make your plan happen. Make a list of all of the steps that need to be accomplished and think about what needs to be done.

Detail everything thoroughly and read over it so you can start coming up with some mental solutions of how to carry out your plans.

You should ensure that if for some reason way one doesn't work, you have way two and way three to lean back on. Therefore, different ways are needed at hand. It's just a matter of being organized. Chances are that there is always more than one way of doing things, and chances are that if one of those waysdoesn't work,one of the others will.

Committing yourself to finishing at least part ifnot all of your plan at once is also necessary. It willshow that you not only have initiative to get thingsrolling, but that you are interested in the resultsobtained with making the move to get everythingdone.

If you make a commitment to finish before aspecific time, make sure that you carry that out, andbe sure to do everything in the way you said youwould, within the time-frame you set for yourself.

Don't try to tackle (处理) more things all at atime. All that does is delay your progress, distract youand make you lose your interest, motivation andenergy.

Carrying out an effective plan requires being as organized as possible. You will only achieve this bysticking to the order of the plan and not deviating ortrying to do more at a time.

Last but not the least, you should never abandon things mid-project. It will only annoy everyonearound you including yourself. Unfinished plans are awaste of time, energy and, in some cases，evenmoney.

So,don't be afraid of organization. The older weget,the more necessary it becomes to have the skills to follow through with confidence and to be able tocarry through plans in an organized and manageable way. It pays to be organized, after all.

Title: Tips on how to be __1.__ in your life
Tips	Details	__2._
__3.__ down your plan	List everything you need List __4.__ you will follow	To make your plan happen
Prepare three __5.__ ways to carry out your plan		To __6.__ that you can have some other choices when one way doesn’t work
__7.__ to finish at least part of your plan if not all	Do everything __8.__ your own time-frame	To show yourself you are determined to get things stared and caring about the results
Do one thing at once	Stick to the order of you plan	To save your interest, motivation and energy
Finish what you have started		To get your plan __9.__ out thoroughly
__10.__
You shouldn’t be afraid of organization because it’s really worthwhile.

Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment ．“We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it, ”says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA．

But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement ．Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement．“The understanding has increased many, many times, ”says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day．

According to US government reports , emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10．3 million tons a year to 5．5 tons ．The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 ．Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with , the world is a safer and healthier place ．A kind of “Green thinking ” has become part of practices ．

Great improvement has been achieved ．In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs , ; today in 1995 there are about 6, 600 ．Advanced lights , motors , and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution ．

Twenty –five years ago , there were hardly any education programs for environment ．Today , it’s hard to find a public school , university , or law school that does not have such a kind of program ．” Until we do that , nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson ．

1.According to Anderson , before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___

A．the social movement

B．recycling techniques

C．environmental problems

D．the importance of Earth Day

2.Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?

A．The grass –roots level

B．The business circle

C．Government officials

D．University professors

3.What have Americans achieved in environmental protection ?

A．hey have cut car emissions to the lowest

B．They have settled their environmental problems

C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities．

D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures ．

4.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph ?

A．Education

B．Planning

C．Green living

D．CO reduction

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根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Winter begins in the north on December 22nd．People and animals have been doing what they always do to prepare for the colder months，Sqzeirrels，for example，have been busy gathering nuts from trees．_____1._____

They examined differences between red squirrels and gray squirrels in the American state of Indiana．The scientists wanted to know how these differences could affect the growth of black walnut(黑胡桃）trees．_____2._____The black walnut tree is also a central part of some hardwood forests．

Rob Swihart of Purdue University did the study with Jake Goheen，a former Purdue student nowat the University of New Mexico．The two researchers estimate that several times as many walnuts grow when gathered by gray squirrels as compared to red squirrels．Gray squirrels and red squirrels do not store nuts and seeds in the same way．Gray squirrels bury nuts one at a time in a number of places．____3.____So some nuts remain in the ground．Conditions are right for them to develop and grow the following spring．Red squirrels，however，store large groups of nuts above ground．

____4.____But Professor Swihart says their numbers began to decrease as more forests were cut for agriculture．Red squirrels began to spread through the state during the past century．The researchers say red squirrels are native to forests that stay green all year，unlike walnut trees．They say the cleaning of forest land for agriculture has helped red squirrels invade（涌入）Indiana．____5._____

A．Gray squirrels are native to Indiana．

B．But they seldom remember where they buried every nut．

C．Red squirrels bury nuts in a different way．

D．The black walnut is the nut of choice for both kinds of squirrels．

E．Jake Goheen calls them a sign of an environmental problem more than a cause．

F．Scientists are worried that they will drive away the gray squirrels．

G．Well，scientists have been busy gathering information about what the squirrels do with the food they collect．

Owning a smartphone may not be as smart as you think．They may let you surf the Internet，listen to music and snap photos wherever you are．．．but they also turn you into a workaholic，it seems．A study suggests that，by giving you access to emails at all times．the all-singing．all-dancing mobile phone adds as much as two hours to your working day．

Researchers found that Britons work an additional 460 hours a year on average as they are able to respond to emails on their mobiles．The study by technology retailer Pixmania，reveals the average UK working day is between nine and ten hours，but a further two hours is spent responding to or sending work emails，or making work calls．Almost one in ten admits spending up to three hours outside their normal working day checking work emails．Some workers confess they are on call almost 24 hours a day，with nine out of ten saying they take work emails and calls outside their normal working hours．Nearly two-thirds say they often check work emails just before they go to bed and as soon as they wake up，while over a third have replied to one in the middle of the night．

Ghadi Hobeika，marketing director of Pixmania，said：“The ability to access literally millions of apps，keep in contact via social networks and take photos and video as well as text and call has made smartphones valuable for many people．However，there are drawbacks．Many companies expect their employees to be on call 24 hours a day，seven days a week，and smartphones mean that people literally cannot get away from work．The more constantly in contact we become。The more is expected of us in a work capacity．”

1.The text is probably taken from___________．

A．a scientific report

B．a financial report

C．a newspaper

D．a literary journal

2.The underlined word “drawbacks” in the last paragraph probably means_________．

A．advantages B．faults C．mistakes D．features

3.Ghadi may agree that___________．

A．employees are supposed to be on call 24 hours a day

B．the ability to access many apps made smartphones worthless

C．smartphones might turn a person into a workaholic

D．people literally cannot get away from work without smartphones

4.What is the main idea of this passage？

A．Smartphones are lengthening working hours

B．Smartphones are becoming valuable for many people

C．Britons work art additional 460 hours a year on average

D．Smartphones are more beneficial to our life than we think

______the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting．

A．Did he catchB．Should he catch

C．Had he caughtD．Has he caught

One can always manage to do more things, no matter______ full one’s schedule is in life．

A．howB．whatC．whenD．where

The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

A. until B. that C. when D. where

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