Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit are the foundation of medical practice in the United States．Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in the community．They send their patients to this hospital, which usually charges patients according to the number of days they stay and the facilities(operating room, tests, medicines that they use)．Some hospitals belong to a city, a state or, in the case of veteran's hospitals, a federal government agency．Others are operated by religious orders(教会)or other non-profit groups．
Some medical doctors are on salary．Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training．They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal government's Public Health Service．
Physicians are among the best paid professionals in the United States．In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to earn incomes of more than ＄ 100 000 a year．Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount．Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work．One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States．Most would-be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly ＄ 20 000 a year at one of the best private institutions．Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years．Tuition alone can exceed ＄ 10 000 a year．By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt．They still face three to five years of residency(实习阶段)in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician．The hours are long and the pay is relatively low．
Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too．Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment．These physicians also take care of each other's patients in emergencies．
Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility．Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk．It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death．
(1)
According to the passage, it is very unlikely that an American hospital is owned by ________．
[ ]
A．
a church
B．
a corporation
C．
a city
D．
a state
(2)
The expenses for becoming a doctor are spent on ________．
[ ]
A．
schooling and retraining
B．
practice in a hospital
C．
facilities he or she uses
D．
education he or she receives
(3)
According to the passage, how long does it take for a would-be physician to become an independent physician in the USA?
[ ]
A．
About seven years．
B．
Eight years．
C．
Ten years．
D．
About twelve years．
(4)
Sometimes several physicians set up a group medical practice mainly because ________．
[ ]
A．
there are so many patients that it is difficult for one physician to take care all of them
B．
they can take turns to work long hours
C．
facilities may be too much of a burden for one physician to shoulder
D．
no one wants to assume too much responsibility
(5)
Which of the following statements could fully express the author's view towards physicians’ payment in the USA?
[ ]
A．
For their expensive education and their responsibility, they deserve a handsome pay．
B．
It is reasonable for physicians to have a large income because their work is very dangerous．
C．
Physicians should be better paid because they work long hours under bad conditions．
D．
Physicians have great responsibility, so it is understandable that they should be well rewarded．
There are two main forms of teaching in Notinghain University: serninar (研讨会)and leelure. They are very different from the sort of teaching most often used in schools and colleges．
In seminars you will be taught will discussion focusing on a lexl or lopic sel in sdrance in a Friendly and inforrrad alrnosphere. The purpoce is to provide an opportunity to try out new idesas and to think through diffieulties with fellow. Learners. Students develop friendsips through groups, as well as learning more about other people’s ideas. You can also know your tutors as an individual rather than a face at the end of the room．
Lectures are the most formal. There may be over a hundred in the audieace and the lecture will last about fifty minutes. The value of the lecture is that it ean present to a large number of people infornution which is not readily avsilshle in books, that it can give you an opportunily to hear a specialist develop a coherent(有条理的)argument, and that it ean show visual matcrial to a wide audience．
You typicrd week’s a work will feel strange after school or college since there are fewer timelzhled teaching hours. Each week in the first year you may attend about six lectures and four to six seminars or tutorials(辅导). For the rest of the time you are working on your own, doing the nccessary reading in preparation for tutorials or writing seminar papers. When writing an eassay or carrying out project work, you can often discuse with your about the ritle and topic．
(1)
The purpose of the passage is________．
[ ]
A．
to intreduce two main forms of resching
B．
to persuade you to try out new ideas
C．
to stress the importance of discussion
D．
to make you believe that seminar is more helpful
(2)
One of the values of the leeture is________．
[ ]
A．
to make friends through groups
B．
to learn more about other people’s idens
C．
to offer a chatiee to discuss with a specialist
D．
to present to students inforntation not found in books
(3)
Your typical week’s work in the university will feel strange beeause________．
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