The next time someone asks you where the biggest ocean is, point them toward Jupiter. While earth harbours about 320 million cubic miles(1,333 cubic km)of water, our planet is practically a desert compared to the rest of the Solar System.

A moon of Jupiter called Europa, for example, which is roughly the size of our own Moon, likely hides a subsurface ocean with more than twice as much water as there is on Earth.

Yet even that pales into insignificance in comparison to Europa's neighbour Ganymede; more than 30 times as much water as our home planet is thought to reside there as liquid and ice.

And scientists keep finding more water wherever they look. On September 28, researchers reported that Dione — a small moon of Saturn — probably has a subsurface ocean, too.

To see just how Earth stacks up against other ocean worlds, Business Insider contacted Steve Vance, a planetary scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory who's calculated the numbers on just how much water might be out there.

In order of how much water they have, from the least to the most, they are: Enceladus, Dione, Earth, Europa, Pluto, Triton, Callisto, Titan, and Ganymede. Mimas, a moon of Saturn, and Ceres, the largest asteroid in the Solar System, are also thought to have subsurface oceans —but scientists aren't yet sure how big each one might be.

1.How many stars are mentioned in this passage?

A. Eleven. B. Twelve.

C. Thirteen. D. Fourteen.

2.What can we know according to the passage?

A. Compared with the Solar System, Jupiter looks as if it is a desert.

B. Ganymede is thought to be covered with more water than Europa.

C. Business Insider is a planetary NASA’s laboratory of Steve Vance.

D. Ceres harbours the largest subsurface ocean in the Solar System.

3.What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. The order of how much water the stars have has been figured out.

B. Scientists keep exploring more water in the universe wherever they look.

C. These ocean worlds reveal just how little water we have on Earth.

D. NASA’s planetary scientists are calculating the water numbers in the sky.

The Benefits of Keeping a Journal

If you want to grow, one important thing you should do is keeping a journal. It may seem simple, but it can make a big difference in your life. I have been keeping journals for years. Writing all the lessons I learn and all the ideas I get has become a habit for me. And to be honest, I can’t imagine what my life would be like without it.1.

It prevents you from losing an idea. Have you ever got an idea only to lose it later because you didn’t write it down? 2..But then I developed the habit of writing down every idea that came into my mind as soon as possible. If I’m away from my computer, I usually write it down on a piece of paper that I bring wherever I go. I will then transfer the idea to the journal in my computer.

It helps you review all the lessons you’ve learned. By reviewing your journal, you can quickly see the lessons you’ve learned and the ideas you’ve got. 3. You can use the ideas to push yourself forward.

4.After keeping a journal for years, you can look back at it and see how far you’ve gone. Things that were big problems in the past might seem small today. The raw ideas you had in the past might have been realized today.

It helps you expand your idea. When you try to come up with a sentence to express an idea, you are thinking actively about it. 5. In the end, you will expand your ideas.

A. I often experienced that myself.

B. It trains you to express your thoughts.

C. It allows you to see your progress over time.

D. Just use whatever tool you feel comfortable with.

E. Here are some benefits you will get by keep a journal.

F. Thinking actively helps you connect your idea to another idea.

G. Then you can do whatever necessary to avoid repeating the same mistakes.

Driving could soon be a far more pleasant experience thanks to a personal in-car robot being developed by researchers. The robot, which is called “Affective Intelligent Driving Agent (AIDA)” will be able to tell you the best route home based on traffic reports, remind you to pick up petrol and suggest places you may like to visit. The robot, which sits on the dashboard, is being developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in collaboration with Volkswagen.

AIDA communicates with the driver through an expressive robot screen and will even appear sympathetic if you're having a bad day. Cynthia Breazeal, director of MIT’s Personal Robots Group, said: “We are developing AIDA to read the driver’s mood from facial expression and other cues and respond in a proper way.”

AIDA works by analyzing the driver’s mobility patterns, keeping track of common routes and destinations. The creators say the robot should be able to work out home and work locations within a week of driving. Soon afterwards, the system will direct the driver to their preferred supermarket, suggesting a route that avoids traffic-clogged roads. AIDA might recommend a petrol stop en route if the fuel tank is nearly empty. The robot will also incorporate real-time information about traffic jams, the weather report, commercial activity, tourist attractions, and residential areas.

“In developing AIDA we asked ourselves how we could design a system that would offer the same kind of guidance as an informed and friendly companion.”

“AIDA can also give you feedback on your driving, helping you achieve more energy efficiency and safer behavior,” Assaf Biderman from SENSEable City Lab added.

1.What is AIDA in this passage?

A. A personal driver.

B. A traffic controller.

C. A traffic indicator.

D. A smart car robot.

2.What’s the most impressive about AIDA according to the passage?

A. It can stay away from traffic jams.

B. It can replace the driver to drive the car.

C. It can interact with the driver.

D. It can help the driver find the way.

3.From the last paragraph we can know that .

A. it’s possible to drive a car without any petrol

B. AIDA can help us to become better drivers

C. people can save a lot of energy by driving a car

D. It can help the driver find the way

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. An Intelligent Device for Drivers

B. A New Model of Volkswagen

C. The Cooperation of Two Car Makers

D. Traffic Management in Big Cities

Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least conventional and generally agreed.

Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society-than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.

Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and white people.

1.Which of the following factors tends to promote social change?

A. Different points of view. B. Traditional values.

C. Advanced technology. D. Similar needs.

2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.

B. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.

C. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.

D. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.

3.What is this passage mainly discussing?

A. Two different kinds of society.

B. Certain factors affecting social change.

C. The importance of social change.

D. Consequences of social change

The number of Japanese students in the Chinese mainland is more than those studying in the US, according to Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, a Taiwan news outlet reported on Monday.

Japan saw the peak of studying abroad in 2010 when 124,000 sought academic careers overseas. About 61,000 Japanese studied in the US in 2010, about half the total studying abroad. But since then, the number has decreased. In 2015, the number was down to only just over 20,000, about 20 percent of Japanese students being educated overseas.

The number of Japanese going to the Chinese mainland to study has been rising since 2009 and now surpasses the US.

An official spokesman said, "Choices are various for studying abroad nowadays, not just limited to the US. Many Japanese universities have an increasing number of exchange pro-grams with Chinese universities and Japanese companies now tend to prefer people with academic experience in Asia rather than the.US or Europe as previously. Tuition fees (学费)are another reason. Annual fees in US universities are almost twice those charged by Chinese

universities.”

Some Japanese experts say the decline indicates young Japanese are satisfied with the domestic situation rather than preparing for challenges outside.

1.How many Japanese students studied abroad in 2015?

A. About 61,000. B. About 100,000.

C. About 124,000. D. About 200,000.

2.What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?

A. The tuition fees about studying in the US.

B. The choices for Japanese students to study abroad.

C. The reason why Japanese students go to study in China.

D. The problems that Japanese students have when studying in China.

3.The underlined word “domestic” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “ ”.

A. native B. previous

C. complex D. simple

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