We might like to think we're not influenced by other people, but a new study into the group-buying mechanisms(机制) - like those used on coupon(优惠券) sites such as Groupon and LivingSocial - reveals that telling buyers who come later to the offer how many have already signed up increases the number of purchasers.
Researchers at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management wanted to understand why group buying sites that have entered the market recently have enjoyed greater success than those operating a decade ago, such as Mercata and MobShop.
Earlier attempts typically left potential buyers waiting for days before confirming whether or not they had got the offer they had signed up for.
“We think one of the reasons group-buying has been successful recently is because of the short time horizon,” says Rotman Professor Ming Hu, who co-wrote the study with Professor Mengze Shi and PhD student Jiahua Wu. “It allows for a herding effect.”
Another reason is the use of an information structure that discloses to later arrivals how many have already signed onto the deal.
Researchers looked at two ways of designing the purchasing mechanism for a group buy:a simultaneous mechanism, where no one knows how many buyers have come before them, and asequential(连续的) mechanism, where a second group of buyers has the advantage of knowing the size of the first group.
The researchers' analytical(分析的) model shows the most successful mechanism is the sequential one because it eliminates uncertainty for those coming later to the deal, and improves the confidence of those who sign on early, as they're able to track the numbers of those who come after them.
“That boosts confidence,” says Professor Hu, who teaches operations management. Deals for "luxury" services, versus everyday items, work better in a group buy scenario(方案) because they offer consumers a greater benefit.
【小题1】It can be learned from the text that ______.

A.the short time horizon is the reason why group-buying has been successful.
B.a simultaneous mechanism is where a group of buyers has the advantage of knowing how many people have signed up.
C.a sequential mechanism allows a herding effect which boosts the confidence of the buyers.
D.researchers at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management carried out an experiment about why group buying sites entered the market successfully, such as Mercata and MobShop.
【小题2】The underlined word “eliminates” in paragraph 7 probably means“______”.
A.to become or to make something greater in amount, number, value
B.to remove or get rid of something
C.to deliberately not include something in what you are doing or considering
D.to make something known to somebody
【小题3】What can be the best title for the passage?
A.Secret for marketing success – boosting confidence.
B.Secret for group-buying mechanism—herding effect.
C.Comparison between a simultaneous mechanism and a sequential mechanism.
D.What others do influences our decisions.


Album Name
Introduction
 
“Master of the Chinese Dulcimer”
-----Xu Pingxin
Xu Pingxin shows skillful technique and spellbinding(迷人的)musical expression on the Chinese dulcimer (yangqin) .His musicianship has won him international praise and he is considered one of the most successful yangqin players of the world.
“The Silk String Quartet(丝弦四重奏组)Contemporary &Traditional Chinese Music”
Cheng Yu (pipa),Sun Zhuo (guzheng),Hu Bin (erhu)and Zhou Jinyan (yangqin)present traditional as well as modern pieces. The music describes moonlight scenes ,river landscapes, court dances and more.
 
“Chinese Masterpieces of the Pipa & Guzheng”
---ChengYu
Beautiful music as well as lively pieces played on pipa ,guzheng, xiao and dizi. Cheng Yu is an internationally famous pipa and guzheng virtuoso(名家),former soloist(独奏者)at the China Central Orchestra of Chinese Music in Beijing .Information about the artist, the music and the instruments in English, German, French and Spanish.
 
TsengYungching----“Magic of the Chinese Flute”
Beautiful Chinese flute (dizi) music played by world-famous flute virtuoso Tseng Yungching Accompanied(伴奏) on traditional Chinese instruments.
 
Zhou Yu----“The Art of the Chinese Erhu”
During his great musical career Zhou Yu won many awards in China and internationally .Here he presents an album of Chinese music, played on erhu with orchestral accompaniment: pipa, yangqin, ruan, and others. This is a very beautiful album with the typical “mystical ,dreamy” mood of Far Eastern music. Very enjoyable!
【小题1】If you are interested in playing the Chinese flute what will you probably buy?
A."Chinese Masterpieces of the Pipa & Guzheng" and "Magic of the Chinese Flute."
B."The Silk String Quartet” and "Chinese Masterpieces of the Pipa & Guzheng."
C."Master of the Chinese Dulcimer "and The Art of the Chinese Erhu."
D."Magic of the Chinese Flute "and "The Silk String Quartet."
【小题2】Whose information is introduced in four different languages?
A.Xu Pingxin’sB.Cheng Yu’sC.Tseng Yungching’sD.Zhou Yu’s
【小题3】From the passage ,we can know Tseng Yungching is ______.
A.a famous pipa and erhu playerB.a skillful guzheng virtuoso
C.a famous yangqin playerD.a world-famous flute player
【小题4】Which album has the typical mood of Far Eastern music?
A.Zhou Yu ----“The Art of the Chinese erhu.”
B.“ The Silk String Quartet----Contemporary &Traditional Chinese Music.”
C.“ Master of the Chinese Dulcimer”---Xu Pingxin
D.Tseng Yungching-----“Magic of the Chinese Flute.”

We might like to think we're not influenced by other people, but a new study into the group-buying mechanisms(机制) - like those used on coupon(优惠券) sites such as Groupon and LivingSocial - reveals that telling buyers who come later to the offer how many have already signed up increases the number of purchasers.

Researchers at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management wanted to understand why group buying sites that have entered the market recently have enjoyed greater success than those operating a decade ago, such as Mercata and MobShop.

Earlier attempts typically left potential buyers waiting for days before confirming whether or not they had got the offer they had signed up for.

“We think one of the reasons group-buying has been successful recently is because of the short time horizon,” says Rotman Professor Ming Hu, who co-wrote the study with Professor Mengze Shi and PhD student Jiahua Wu. “It allows for a herding effect.”

Another reason is the use of an information structure that discloses to later arrivals how many have already signed onto the deal.

Researchers looked at two ways of designing the purchasing mechanism for a group buy:a simultaneous mechanism, where no one knows how many buyers have come before them, and asequential(连续的) mechanism, where a second group of buyers has the advantage of knowing the size of the first group.

The researchers' analytical(分析的) model shows the most successful mechanism is the sequential one because it eliminates uncertainty for those coming later to the deal, and improves the confidence of those who sign on early, as they're able to track the numbers of those who come after them.

“That boosts confidence,” says Professor Hu, who teaches operations management. Deals for "luxury" services, versus everyday items, work better in a group buy scenario(方案) because they offer consumers a greater benefit.

1.It can be learned from the text that ______.

A.the short time horizon is the reason why group-buying has been successful.

B.a simultaneous mechanism is where a group of buyers has the advantage of knowing how many people have signed up.

C.a sequential mechanism allows a herding effect which boosts the confidence of the buyers.

D.researchers at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management carried out an experiment about why group buying sites entered the market successfully, such as Mercata and MobShop.

2.The underlined word “eliminates” in paragraph 7 probably means“______”.

A.to become or to make something greater in amount, number, value

B.to remove or get rid of something

C.to deliberately not include something in what you are doing or considering

D.to make something known to somebody

3.What can be the best title for the passage?

A.Secret for marketing success – boosting confidence.

B.Secret for group-buying mechanism—herding effect.

C.Comparison between a simultaneous mechanism and a sequential mechanism.

D.What others do influences our decisions.

 

Hot words on the Internet don’t stay hot for long. “Geili” and “fuyun”, last year’s biggest linguistic innovations, are practically prehistoric in Internet terms. What’s buzzing now is “hold steady”

The term comes from a segment (片段) on the Taiwanese TV show University which features Miss Lin(Xie Yilin) giving a lecture on how to behave like a fashion queen at parties or on the bus. The extremely funny lecture is mainly an over-the-top mockery(嘲笑) of the fashion world, but Miss Lin makes a point: We need to hold steady in pressure-filled or embarrassing situations.

Holding steady, Internet slang for “staying poised”, is one of the qualities the public has been looking for lately as pressures on marriage, work and money can easily drive people crazy. The quality was demonstrated by a girl named Su Miaoling this year. The contestant in the TV singing competition Super Girl carried herself with an air of confidence on stage and kept her cool when others got anxious. “I like your poise(淡定). Very few contestants on this stage can keep calm like you do,” said one of the show’s judges, Hu Haiquan, to Su. Internet users dubbed Su “Sister Poise”.

Poise is also appreciated in Western culture as an essential quality of a well-mannered person. Each year, the National League of Junior Cotillions of the US releases a list of the Ten Best Mannered People. Kate Middleton made it onto the list in 2011 “for the poise and dignity with which she conducts herself in the public spotlight”. The Duchess of Cambridge was also acclaimed earlier this year for her remarkable poise at the royal wedding.

Good news for many, poise is not genetic----it can be acquired with a bit of effort. A personal growth guidance gives tips on how to stay poised. “Take a few deep breaths when you are facing a situation that tests your patience; practice yoga regularly to calm your nerves; use self-affirmation by saying ‘I choose to be calm in any situation’; write down your affirmation daily to imprint the goal,” reads the site.

1.According to the passage, what does “hold steady” mean?

A.well balanced

B.hold still

C.remain stable

D.keep calm

2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Poise isn’t born with people, so it can be acquired.

B.Under different pressures, people hope to keep calm.

C.“Hold steady” comes from a lecture given by a fashion queen.

D.In western culture, holding steady is a quality of well-mannered people.

3.Which of the following is NOT the way to hold steady?

A.learn to use self-encouragement.

B.Write the goals to be achieved

C.Practice yoga regularly to calm your nerves.

D.Take deep breaths when facing difficult situations.

4.The purpose of this passage is to_______.

A.introduce the Internet hot term “hold steady”

B.tell funny stories about how to hold steady

C.demonstrate how to keep calm under pressure

D.give advice on how to keep cool in daily life

 

Hot words on the Internet don’t stay hot for long. “Geili” and “Fuyun”, last year’s biggest creations, are actually ____36____ on Internet now. What’s popular now is “hold steady”.

The term(术语)comes from the very Taiwanese TV show ____37___ includes Miss Lin (Xie Yilin) giving a lecture on how to ____38___ like a fashion queen at parties or on the bus. Although the lecture is mainly a mockery(嘲笑)of the fashion world, ____39____ Miss Lin makes a point: We need to hold steady in pressure-filled or embarrassing situations.

____40___ steady is one of the qualities the public has been ____41____ lately ____42___ pressures on marriage, work and money can easily drive people crazy.

The quality was ____43____ by a girl named Su Miaoling this year, who ____44___ in the TV singing competition “Super Girl”. ____45____ herself with confidence on stage, she kept ____46____ when others got anxious.

 “I like your poise(淡定). Very few people on this stage can keep calm like you do,” said one of the show’s judges, Hu Haiquan, to Su. Internet users named Su “Sister Poise”.

Poise is also appreciated in Western culture as an essential quality of a ____47____ person.

Each year, the National League of Junior Cotillions of the US releases a list of the Ten Best Mannered People. Kate Middleton was ____48____ as the one of the Ten Best Mannered People for the way ____49____ she showed herself in the public. The Duchess of Cambridge was also appreciated ____50____ this year for her remarkable poise at the royal wedding. That is good news for many because she has prove ____51____ true that poise is not born, but it can be got with a bit of ____52____.

About-personal-growth.com, a foreign website on personal growth guidance, gives ____53___ on how to stay poised.

 “Take a few deep breaths when you are facing a situation that tests your patience; practise yoga ____54___; say to yourself “I choose to be calm in any situation”; write down your encouragement daily to ____55____ the goal,” reads the site.

1.A. fashionable        B. outdated         C. hot      D. popular

2.A. which          B. where            C. that         D. who

3.A. sound              B. feel             C. look         D. act

4.A. yet                B. however          C. but              D. and

5. A. Held              B. Hold         C. Holding  D. Being held

6.A. looking for        B. looking back on  C. looking at   D. looking down

7.A. as             B. so           C. with         D. though

8.A. explained      B. exhibited        C. equipped     D. exchanged

9.A. turned down        B. turned around    C. turned on    D. turned up

10.A. Taking            B. Giving           C. Carrying     D. Earning

11.A. nervous           B. upset        C. frightened           D. cool

12.A. well-behaved  B. well-organized C. well-done  D. well-balanced

13.A. called            B. elected      C. chose            D. selected

14.A. which         B. in that      C. how          D. in which

15.A. early         B. earlier      C. earliest     D. former

16.A. that          B. what         C. it           D. this

17.A. effect        B. effort           C. affect   D. afford

18.A. advices       B. lectures         C. tips         D. courses

19.A. regularly B. commonly         C. usually      D. normally

20.A. set           B. make     C. have     D. achieve

 

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