题目内容

The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France,then adopted by historians of culture,by art historians,and eventually by music historians,all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600.The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human—as opposed to spiritual values. Fulfillment in life—as opposed to concern about an afterlife—became a desirable goal,and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned(皱眉头) on. Artists and writers now turned to secular(不朽的)as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.
These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period—how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed,experienced,discussed,and circulated. They could see the architectural monuments,sculptures(雕塑),plays,and poems that were being rediscovered,but they could not actually hear ancient music—although they could read the writings of classical philosophers,poets,essayists,and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example,the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors,painters,architects,and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.
The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore,music changed so rapidly during this century and a half—though at different rates in different countries—that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.
【小题1】What is the passage mainly about?

A.The musical compositions that best illustrate the developments during the European Renaissance.
B.The musical techniques that were in use during the European Renaissance.
C.The European Renaissance as a cultural development that included changes in musical style.
D.The ancient Greek and Roman musical practices used during the European Renaissance.
【小题2】The underlined word “now” in Paragraph 1 refers to ________.
A.1855
B.the period of the Renaissance
C.the time of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome
D.the time at which the author wrote the passage
【小题3】It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of ________.
A.spirituality in everyday life
B.communication among artists across Europe
C.a cultural emphasis on human values
D.religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes
【小题4】What can be inferred about the music of ancient Greece and Rome?
A.Its effect on listeners was described in a number of classical texts.
B.It was played on instruments that are familiar to modern audiences.
C.It expressed more different ideals than classical sculpture,painting and poetry.
D.It had the same effect on Renaissance audiences as it had when originally performed.
【小题5】According to the passage,why was Bernardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?
A.It did not contain enough religious themes.
B.It had little emotional impact on audiences.
C.It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians.
D.It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time.


【小题1】C
【小题2】B
【小题3】C
【小题4】A
【小题5】B

解析试题分析:文章介绍欧洲的文艺复兴,包括建筑,历史,艺术,也是一种文化发展包括音乐风格的改变,而音乐的复兴没有其他艺术的改革有效果。
【小题1】主旨题:从文章第二段的句子:These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period—how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed,可知欧洲的文艺复兴是一种文化发展包括音乐风格的改变。选C
【小题2】这篇文章讲的是文艺复兴时期的文化发展,这里now指的就是文艺复兴的时期。选B
【小题3】细节题:从第一段的句子:To these scholars this meant a return to human—as opposed to spiritual values.可知文艺复兴时期的思想家追求的是强调人性的文化。选C
【小题4】细节题:从第二段的句子:They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect.可以推断出希腊和罗马的音乐对听众的影响在很多经典的作品里面都有表现。选A
【小题5】细节题:从第二段的句子:They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. 可知Bernardino Cirillo认为现代音乐没有古代音乐的影响力,所以很失望。选 。B
考点:考查文化类短文
点评:文章介绍欧洲的文艺复兴,包括音乐风格的改变,而音乐的复兴的效果很不明显。文章内容有一定难度,但结构清楚,学生不难理解,以主旨题推理题的考查为主,解答此类题除了注意细节,也需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行的概括和判断。

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When early colonial settlers went to America, they took many forms of dance to their new home. Square dancing, one of the oldest forms of American folk dancing, developed from several different Old World group dances, mainly English country dances, and the French quadrille(四对方舞).
In the American version of square dancing, four couples form a square and dance to music. An American addition to square dancing is the caller. What do you think a caller does?
The callers---someone who calls out the dance steps in time to the music--- was a completely American invention. At first dancers memorized all the steps for a particular dance, but eventually the dances became so complicated that it was necessary to have someone call out cues (提示) so that dancers didn’t have to remember so many steps. The caller didn’t just call out “do-se-do your partner”; a good caller also came up with colourful sayings or witty lines that he said in between the cues such as “Don’t be shy and don’t be afraid. Swing on the corner in a waltz promenade (步伐).” A caller might also come up with new dance steps and routines.
Although popular for years, square dancing seemed to be going out of style and fading away until the early 1930s, when Henry Ford helped revive interest in it. Ford, the automobile manufacturer, used to vacation at the Wayside Inn in Massachusetts, where he enjoyed the dance programme run by a man named Benjamin Lovett. Ford asked Lovett to come to Detroit and teach dances, but Lovett said he couldn’t because he had a contract with the inn. Ford solved that problem by buying the inn and Lovett’s contract. He took Lovett back to Detroit, where together they established a programme for teaching squares and rounds. Square dancing was updated and groups began forming all over the country.
53. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Different Steps of Square Dancing
B. The Origin and Development of Square Dancing
C. Who Was the Inventor of Square Dancing?
D. Why Did Square Dancing Go Out of Style?
54. What does the underlined part “their new home” refer to?
A. The United Kingdom.            B. France.
C. Africa.                          D. America.
55. Why did the caller call out the steps for the dancers?
A. Because the dance was invented by the caller.
B. Because the dancers didn’t know the names of the steps.
C. Because the steps were very particular.
D. Because it was hard for the dancers to remember all the steps.
56. Why did the author mention Henry Ford in the last paragraph?
A. Because he was the man who made the first car.
B. Because he was vey fond of dancing.
C. Because he helped make square dancing popular again.
D. Because he taught people how to dance.

语法填空Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining,construction,and warfare as the inventor of dynamite(炸药). On April 12,1888,Alfred's brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper mistook his brother ___1____ him and carried an article ____2_____(announce) the death of Alfred Nobel. “___3_ merchant of death is dead.”The article read. “Dr. Alfred  Nobel,___4____ became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before,died   yesterday. ”

Alfred put ___5____ the newspaper sadly. It was his brother rather than _6___ who had died and the French newspaper had made a mistake. All the same, Alfred felt uncomfortable. Was this the way the world was going to remember him? He did not like that idea at all. He wanted people to remember him as a man of peace.

He invented his dynamite at a perfect moment in time. Many countries were beginning to build roads through mountains and needed a safe, strong dynamite. His dynamite was developed for such peaceful uses. He also thought that ____7___ all countries had the same great weapons, they would see how impossible war was and that any country fighting a war ___8_(destroy). Therefore, there would be no more wars. Many people of his day also thought this way.

To make sure that he was remembered with love and respect. Nobel arranged in a will to give the __9__(large) part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes,which would be awarded to people who made great ___10___ (contribute) to the causes of peace,literature,and the sciences.

 

ROME: The legend of Leonardo da Vinci is covered in mystery: How did he die?Are the remains buried in a French castle really those of the master? Was the "Mona Lisa" a self-portrait in disguise (伪装)?

A group of Italian scientists believe the key to solving those puzzles lies with the remains, and they say they are seeking permission to dig up the body to conduct carbon and DNA testing.

If the skull is undamaged, the scientists can go to the heart of a question that has fascinated scholars and the public for centuries: the identity of the "Mona Lisa." Recreating a virtual and then physical reconstruction of Leonardo's face, they can compare it with the smiling face in the painting.

"We don't know what we'll find if the tomb is opened. We could even just find grains and dust," says Giorgio Gruppioni, an anthropologist who is participating in the project. "But if the remains are well kept, they are a biological record of events in a person's life, and sometimes in their death." Silvano Vinceti, the leader of the group, said that he plans to press his case with the French officials in charge of the said burial site at Amboise Castle early next week.

Leonardo moved to France at the invitation of King Francis I, who named him "first painter to the king." He spent the last three years of his life there, and died in 1519 at age 67. The artist's original burial place, the palace church of Saint Florentine, was destroyed during the French Revolution and remains that are believed to be his were eventually reburied in the Saint-Hubert Chapel near the castle.

"The Amboise tomb is a symbolic tomb; it's a big question mark," said Alessandro Vezzosi, the director of a museum dedicated to Leonardo in his hometown of Vinci. Vezzosi said that investigating the tomb could help identify the artist's bones with certainty and solve other questions, such as the cause of his death. He said he asked to open the tomb in 2004 to study the remains, but the Amboise Castle turned him down.

The group of 100 experts involved in the project, called the National Committee for Historical and Artistic Heritage, was created in 2003 with the aim of "solving the great mysteries of the past," said Vinceti, who has written books on art and literature.

Arguably the world's most famous painting, the "Mona Lisa" hangs in the Louvre in Paris, where it drew some 8.5 million visitors last year. Mystery has surrounded the identity of the painting's subject for centuries, with opinions ranging from the wife of a Florentine merchant to Leonardo's own mother.

That Leonardo intended the "Mona Lisa" as a self-portrait in disguise is a possibility that has interested and divided scholars. Theories have existed: Some think that Leonardo's taste for tricks and riddles might have led him to hide his own identity behind that puzzling smile; others have guessed that the painting hid an androgynous lover.

If granted access to the grave site, the Italian experts plan to use a tiny camera and radar to confirm the presence of bones. The scientists would then exhume (挖掘) the remains and attempt to date the bones with carbon testing.

At the heart of the proposed study is the effort to discover whether the remains are actually Leonardo's, including with DNA testing.

Vezzosi questions the DNA comparison, saying he is unaware of any direct descendants (后代) of Leonardo or of tombs that could be attributed with certainty to the artist's close relatives.

Gruppioni said that DNA from the bones could also eventually be compared to DNA found elsewhere. For example, Leonardo is thought to have rubbed colors on the canvas with his thumb, possibly using saliva (唾液), meaning DNA might be found on his paintings.

Even in the absence of DNA testing, other tests could provide useful information, including whether the bones belonged to a man or a woman, and whether the person died young or old.

Even within the committee, experts are divided over the identity of the "Mona Lisa."

Vinceti believes that a tradition of considering the self-portrait to be not just a faithful imitation of one's features but a representation of one's spiritual identity may have resonated (共鸣) with Leonardo.

Vezzosi, the museum director, dismissed as "baseless and senseless" the idea that the "Mona Lisa" could be a self-portrait of Leonardo. He said most researchers believe the woman may have been either a wife of the artist's sponsor, the Florentine nobleman Giuliano de Medici, or Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a rich silk merchant, Francesco del Giocondo. The traditional view is that the name "Mona Lisa" comes from the silk merchant's wife, as well as its Italian name: "La Gioconda."  

1.   Where is this passage most probably taken from?

A.A magazine.

B.A newspaper.

C.A textbook.

D.A research report.

2.   Why does the author ask a couple of questions in the beginning?

A.To arouse the interest of readers.

B.To puzzle Italian scientists.

C.To answer the questions himself.

D.To make fun of French officials.

3.   The best title of this story might be “_____”.

A.What Is the Purpose of an Investigation?

B.How Did Leonardo da Vinci Die in France?

C.Are the Remains Really Those of the Master?

D.Did Leonardo Paint Himself as 'Mona Lisa'?

4.The sentence “he plans to press his case with the French officials” (underlined in Paragraph 4) suggests that Vinceti intends to _____.

A.press the French officials to participate in their project

B.urge the French officials to open the tomb early next week

C.persuade the French officials to allow opening the tomb

D.record events in a person’s life with the French officials

5.   Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A.Scholars have the same opinion on DNA testing.

B.Scientists doubt if the remains are those of da Vinci.

C.The identity of “Mona Lisa” has already been proved.

D.Alessandro Vezzosi got permission to open the tomb.

6.   We can infer from the last two paragraphs that _____?

A.“Mona Lisa” is the name of the wife of a silk merchant

B.the “Mona Lisa” is a self-portrait of Leonardo da Vinci

C.experts divided the committee into several groups

D.opinions differ of the identity of the “Mona Lisa”

 

BUILDING up a close bond (关系) with friends is important in all cultures. But different cultures have different ways of socializing.

The Chinese love going to restaurants. Family, friends and colleagues all go out to eat as a way of relaxing. So Chinese restaurants are much louder and noisier places compared with those in the Western world.

Although British people do socialize by going out for dinner, most people meet in pubs. They go there in the evening and sometimes during the day. Most people order wine or beer.

Going for a drink with colleagues after work is a particularly important British tradition. A recent survey of office workers found three-quarters of people regard the after-work drink as the key to building positive relationships with colleagues.

But for the French, the preferred place to socialize is in cafés. They are a central part of daily life in France and its culture. People will go to cafes at all times during the day.

In the morning, people may go there to buy a newspaper and a cup of coffee. At lunch they may go there for something to eat. Then when it's evening they may return to enjoy a glass of wine.

While the meeting place is different from culture to culture, "Essentially (本质上) they serve the same purpose, which is that humans need a place to come together to meet," said Aidan Saunders, a professor of social history at the University College London. "We are sociable animals."

People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.

1.What is the passage mainly about?      

A. Different cultures and different people.

B. Different places where different people love to go.

C. Different ways of building up relationships with friends

D. Different relationships in different countries.

2.Which of the following is true according to the passage?   

A. The Chinese love to dine out.

B. The Chinese always talk loudly in restaurants.

C. Making friends is an important thing in all countries

D. French people spend all their time in cafes.

3.What does Aidan Saunders mean by "We are sociable animals."?   

A. Human beings need society to survive in.

B. Human beings need to communicate with each other.

C. Human beings are the same as the other animals.

D. Human beings are also animals belonging to the society.

4. The following are all mentioned as ways of socializing except         .   

A. dining out with friends

B. drinking in pubs with colleagues after work

C. going to the cafes to have a cup of coffee

D. going to the cinema to see a film

5.Who are the intended readers of the passage ?        

A. People in general.            B. Adolescents.

C. Business people.             D. Educators.

 

 Misery and setbacks are not always as terrible as one imagines. Hard times can offer new ways of looking at life that would otherwise never be known. And, if you are a writer, this can be the source of much of your success.

     Popular British author, Charles Dickens' (1812-1870)family could hardly make ends meet. They could only afford to send one of their six children to school. Dickens was not that child. His parents chose to send a daughter, who had a talent for music, to an academy. Then at the age of 12, Dickens' life took another turn for the worse.

His father, a clerk, was placed in prison for unpaid debts. And, being the oldest male left at home, Dickens took up work at a factory. His horrible experience there became the fuel for his future writing. His father was freed three months later and inherited a small amount of money. Dickens was then sent to school.

From 1836 to 1837, he wrote a monthly series of stories. Thus the Pickwick Papers, came into being, which brought fame to the 23-year-old man.

Throughout his career, Dickens covers various situations in his novels. He wrote about the miserable lives of the poor in Oliver Twist, the French Revolution in Tale of Two Cities, and social reform in Hard Times. He also wrote David Copperfield, a book thought to be modeled on his own life.

“I do not write bitterly or angrily: for I know all these things have worked together to make me what I am,” he once said. His difficult childhood did indeed shape the person he became, as well as his writing career. There are shades of young Dickens in many of his most beloved characters, including David Copperfield and Oliver Twist.

Like the author, all these characters come from poor beginnings and are able to rise above their setbacks and achieve success. “Minds, like bodies, will often fall into an ill-conditioned state from too much comfort,” he once wrote. On June 9th, 1870, aged 58, Dickens died, leaving one unfinished work.The words on his tombstone read: “He was a sympathizer to the poor, the suffering and the oppressed, and by his death, one of England's greatest writers is lost to the world.”

1.The book that first called public attention to Dickens was ______.

       A.the Pickwick Papers               B.Oliver Twist

       C.Tale of Two Cities                D.David Copperfield

2.The phrase “shades of” in bold means “_____”.

       A.various shapes of            B.situations of

       C.different experiences of     D.reminders of

3.How did Dickens see his childhood?

       A.He felt grateful for it.

       B.He felt it a pity that things weren’t in his favor.

       C.He loved writing about it.

       D.He chose to forget the bitterness about it.

4.From the story, we can see Dickens’ attitude towards an easy life is ______.

       A.to enjoy it                    B.to hate it

       C.not to abandon yourself to it     D.to work hard for it

 

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