题目内容

下面文章有5处(第61至65题)需要添加小标题。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F中选出符合各段意思的小标题,并在答题纸上将相应的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。

Humans and dogs have been working together for thousands of years, and some scientists even believe the two species have been living with one another for thousands of years. While having a dog will not improve your health if you never wanted a dog in the first place, dog lovers can benefit from living with them.

1.

Most of us know the benefits of exercise, but it can be a struggle to find the motivation to get up and get moving everyday. A dog provides strong motivations, and can make your daily walk or run less lonely and more fun.Moreover, you'll bum extra calories when helping your dog walk and doing brief training exercises with your dog. For some people, going for walks alone is scary, but a dog can make runs and walks feel more secure.l know that with Ranger.I have to walk him every day, and he's always ready each morning.Sometimes we even have an afternoon or early evening walk, which is better for my health.

2.

There's no doubt that dog ownership does come with some stresses, from making sure you've applied their weekly bath to worrying if your dog will get along with the other dogs at the dog park. But the benefits of pet ownership more than outweigh these small stresses. Research shows that a few minutes spent petting an animal. lowers blood levels of the stress hormone, which contributes to tiredness, weight gain and aging, and your pet can help kill its negative effects. A few minutes playing with your dog every day also releases powerful ¨feel-good" hormones that continue to function in the bloodstream.

3.

Many people living alone worry about thieves, and a dog can help give owners a sense of security. Thieves are less likely to break into a house with a barking dog, and your dog can help you feel less lonely whether you're just spending the night by yourself or living alone long-term.If your dog is older and struggles to move around, you can still rest easy knowing that your dog will get to a robber before you do.

4.

People who have regular positive interactions with others tend to live longer and be happier, and pets provide you with a valuable opportunity to meet and interact with other people. Even if you're shy, it's easy to strike up a conversation with another person if you're both talking about your animals. Visits to the dog park and meet--ups with other pet owners also provide pet owners with opportunities for interactions.If you're still anxious about meeting new people, consider joining a message board or online group for people with similar pets to yours. You'll quickly find yourself making new friends in addition to learning a lot about your best friend - your pet!

5.

In a fast-paced, high-stress world, depression and anxiety are at an all-time high. But pet owners have fewer mental illnesses, and animals are even used as treatment for people suffering from mental illness. If you struggle with depression, an animal can help you avoid such problems. The exercise and stress release you get from spending time with your pet may even reduce the effects of depression. Dog owners are also less stressed than people who don't own dogs, and reduced stress is strongly related with lower blood pressure, a longer life span, greater happiness and improved health.

 

1.B

2.D

3.C

4.E

5.F

【解析】

试题分析:本文提到人与动物相处了很多 年,实验表明宠物能帮助主人很多,比如多锻炼,减压,增加安全感,增加人际交往,减少心理疾病。

1. 根据第二段第一句话提到Most of us know the benefits of exercise, but it can be a struggle to find the motivation to get up and get moving everyday许多人知道锻炼的益处,但是找到动机起床并运动却是一种挣扎,所以这段讲述鼓励多锻炼,故选B项。

2. 根据第三段所提到的Research shows that a few minutes spent petting an animal. lowers blood levels of the stress hormone, which contributes to tiredness, weight gain and aging, and your pet can help kill its negative effects.研究表明与狗度过一段时间,能降低血压,有助于减少劳累,你的宠物能减少负面影响,故选D项。

3. 根据第四段提到Many people living alone worry about thieves, and a dog can help give owners a sense of security许多人与狗住,能帮助主人增加安全感 ,故选C项。

4. 根据第五段的提到People who have regular positive interactions with others tend to live longer and be happier, and pets provide you with a valuable opportunity to meet and interact with other people.经常与他们联系的人,会活得更长久,快乐,宠物能提供你更多与人沟通的机会,故选E项。

5. 根据第六段提到But pet owners have fewer mental illnesses, and animals are even used as treatment for people suffering from mental illness.宠物的主人几乎很少有心理疾病,动物有助于减少心理疾病,故选F项。

考点:健康类阅读。

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How far would you walk to learn about something that interested you? When he was young, Jacob Lawrence often walked more than sixty from his home in the Harlem section of New York City to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.Jacob wanted to be a(n) ,and he believed that studying the famous paintings in that museum would help him.

It was 1930,when many people were out of work, money was and people suffered a lot.Still the streets were with energy and color.As he walked through Harlem, Jacob looked hard at the people, the churches, and barbershops and so on.He those images in his mind, along with the images of paintings he saw in the .

Jacob came from a poor family.His mother believed there was little chance her son could grow up to be a successful painter.She wanted him to aim for something more .But Jacob's teacher, Alston, in an art program saw that he was talented.Alston him how to use paints to make stage sets.

As time passed, Alston let Jacob rent work space in his own studio. That was an exciting place for a young black man to become an artist.Many creative people there to talk about art, literature and history.From their ,Jacob learned that history books often the accomplishments of African Americans.He decided to paint a sel1es of pictures describing the story of a black hero.He Toussaint, who had helped free his people French ruling.

Many people admired Jacob's pictures, but he needed admiration.To help his family, he often had to work at jobs that him away from painting.Then something encouraging happened.An artist named Augusta got Jacob a job.For eighteen months, Jacob was given a to paint pictures. For the first time, he felt like a artist.

1.A. stepsB. blocksC. buildingsD. avenues

2.A. artistB. tutorC. scholarD. official

3.A. swingingB. existingC. hangingD. twisting

4.A. blankB. looseC. toughD. tight

5.A. linedB. decoratedC. associatedD. filled

6.A. storedB. receivedC. createdD. remembered

7.A. museumB. studioC. churchD. street

8.A. whetherB. whichC. thatD. when

9.A. preciousB. practicalC. standardD. flexible

10.A.recommendedB. remindedC. providedD. showed

11.A. hesitatingB. strugglingC. marchingD. participating

12.A. settledB. wanderedC. gatheredD. rushed

13.A. experiencesB. performancesC. accentsD. conversations

14.A. acknowledgedB. accusedC. ignoredD. witnessed

15.A. choseB. acceptedC. countedD. employed

16.A. againstB. fromC. forD. with

17.A. more thanB. rather thanC. other thanD.less than

18.A. brokeB. gaveC. permittedD. took

19.A. awardB. titleC. salaryD. prize

20.A. permanentB. popularC. positiveD. professional

 

Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the experiment of Frederick in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.

All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.

Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If there sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.

Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed order and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months they can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to five words. At three he knows about 1,000 words, which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.

Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy bear”. And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.

But speech has to be induced(激发,引起), and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the children’s babbling(咿呀声),grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.

1.The writer mentioned the experiment of Frederick to __________.

A. support his idea B. introduce his topic

C. describe a new finding D. give an example of his theory

2.The purpose of Frederick’s experiment was to __________.

A. prove that children are born with the ability to speak

B. discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech

C. find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak

D. prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language

3.The reason why some children are backward in speaking is most probably that ________.

A. they are not able to learn language rapidly

B. they are exposed to too much language at once

C. their mothers do not respond enough to their attempts to speak

D. their mothers are not clever enough to help them

4. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will __________ in future.

A. have a high IQ B. be less intelligent

C. be insensitive to verbal signals D. not necessarily be backward

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. A child is born with the ability to speak.

B. A child’s brain has a complex system which helps to connect the sight and feel of an object.

C. A child can produce his own sentences.

D. A child owes his speech ability to good nursing.

6. According to the passage, the writer agrees that__________.

A. the infants will certainly die because of lack of language.

B. all children learn their language in fixed stages

C. the child’s brain is highly selective

D. insensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals will not affect the development of the child’s language

 

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