题目内容

Men usually go straight to ________ they want and leave quickly when shopping．

A．WhatB．whichC．whereD．that

：A

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Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey.

    Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning<推论；说服> and spatial <空间的>skills), while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).

    Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline (衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed.

    Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline. Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, "so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive（认知的；认识的） decline," said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England.

    People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated（旋转的） form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范畴) as possible in the given time, e.g.  "object usually colored gray", and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing. The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter are typically dominated(占有主导地位的) by women.

    Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average. And though performance declined with age for both genders（性别）, women showed obviously less decline than men overall（全部地）.

The underlined word in the second paragraph means_________.

   A. natural     B. great C. obvious D. absolute

According to the passage, which of the following can Not be typed into the same category?

   A. cloud   B. sheep C. trees D. goose

Which of the following statements is true according the article?

   A. Men do better than women when it comes to learning English.

   B. Women stand out at remembering people’s names.

   C. Men excel at typing as many words in a particular category as possible in the given time.

   D. Women excel at dealing mathematic problems.

One important factor that affects the correctness of the results is that _________.

   A. the old men tested may not have shown such cognitive decline

   B. people surveyed are all old

   C. people taking part in this test came from all over the world   D. women live longer than men

The author aims to tell us that __________.

   A. women’s minds perform better than men’s

   B. men’s minds decline more with age

   C. everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older

D. a survey on human’s mind decline was done recently

Trying to make a big decision while you’re also preparing for a scary presentation? You might want to hold off on that. Feeling stressed changes how people weigh risk and reward. However, an article published in Current Directions in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, suggests stressed people pay more attention to the positive sides of a possible outcome.

It’s a bit surprising that stress makes people focus on the way things could go right, says Mara Mather of the University of Southern California. She co-wrote the review paper with Nichole R.Lighthall. “This is sort of not what people would think, ” Mather says. “Stress is usually associated with negative experiences, so you’d think, maybe I’m going to be more focused on the negative outcomes.”

But researchers have found that when people are under stress, they start paying more attention to positive information and discounting negative information. “Stress seems to help people learn from positive feedback and impairs（削弱）their learning from negative feedback, ” Mather says.

When people under stress are making a difficult decision, they may pay more attention to the good sides of the alternatives they’re considering and less to the problems. So someone who’s deciding whether to take a new job and is feeling stressed by the decision might focus on the increase in salary more than the longer commute（上下班往返）.

The increased focus on the positives also helps explain why stress plays a role in addictions. People under stress have a harder time controlling their urges. “The compulsion to get that reward comes stronger and they’re less able to resist it,” Mather says. A person who’s under stress might think only about the good feelings they’ll get from a drug, while the downsides shrink into the distance.

Stress also increases the differences in how men and women think about risk. When men are under stress, they become even more willing to take risks; when women are stressed, they get more conservative(保守的). Previous research backs this up — men usually react to difficulties while trying to fight them or escape them; women try to find friends and improve their relationships.

1.By saying “You might want to hold off on that” in the first paragraph, the writer suggests that      .

A．you might want to delay making your big decision

B．you should save the presentation for later

C．you should avoid taking risks

D．you might benefit from the stress

2.From the article, we can conclude that stress       .

A．often leads people to take more risks

B．often leads people to make balanced decisions

C．makes people think more of negative results

D．makes people ignore the negative side of problems

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?

A．Stress is helpful in getting rid of addictions.

B．People who are addicted to drugs are easily stressed.

C．When women are stressed, they do not tend to take risks.

D．When men are stressed, they are more likely to develop an addiction.

4.What is the central theme of the article?

A．Stress can affect decision-making.

B．Stress increases our desire to get rewards.

C．We should think more about the upside of problems.

D．There is a link between stress and negative experiences.

 

“In my country, men usually go to restaurants on their own. They always take their shoes off before they go in. Then they usually sit on the floor around a small, low table. In the evening they often sing songs.”

“You usually take chocolates or flowers. But you always take an odd number of flowers, and you remove the paper before you give them to the hostess. You can also send flowers before you arrive. you don’t usually take wine except when you visit very close friends.”

“We always offer our guests something to drink when they arrive, tea, coffee or perhaps water or soft drinks. We think it is polite to accept a drink even if you’re not thirsty. If you visit someone you always stay for a few drinks. When you have had enough to drink, you tap your cup or put your hand over it. If you say no, your host will insist that you have more to drink.”

“People’s private lives are very important so they never ask you personal questions about your family or where you live or your job. They never talk about religion or matters of finance, education or politics, but usually stay with safe subjects like the weather, films, plays, books and restaurants.”

“It’s difficult to know when to leave, but an evening meal usually lasts about three or four hours. When the host serves coffee, this is sometimes a sign that the evening is nearly over, but you can have as much coffee as you want.”

“If the invitation says eight o’clock then we arrive exactly at eight. With friends we know well, we sometimes arrive about fifteen minutes before.”

“Obviously it depends on the occasion, but most dinner parties are informal. The men don’t usually wear a suit, but they may wear a jacket and tie. Women are usually smart but casual.”

1. The writer of the passage is probably_____.

A．Chinese

B．Japanese

C．the English

D．American

2. What should you bring when you are invited to have dinner?

A．Wine and cigarettes.

B．Tea or drinks.

C．Money and presents.

D．Chocolates or flowers.

3. Which of the following subjects are never talked about among the people?

A．Politics, education, religion, or matters of finance.

B．Family, books or plays.

C．Weather, restaurant, or film.

D．Job, money, weather or film and play.

4. When the hostess serves coffee after the meal, it means _____.

A．the evening meal will start at once

B．the guests can stay more hours

C．the evening meal has ended, the guests should prepare to leave

D．there has not been any tea and other drinks

5. Which of the following statements isn’t right?

A．If you are invited for dinner, you should arrive on time.

B．You should take off your shoes first after you step into the host’s door.

C．The hostess always offer the guests something to drink when they arrive.

D．You should accept the hostess’ drinks even if you’re not thirsty.

 

.

Food is life. It gives us the nourishment we need to stay alive and be healthy. Usually, we eat because we are hungry or need energy. Brian Wansink, a professor at the University of Illinois, says we also eat certain foods because they make us feel good, and remind us of happy memories. Wansink calls this kind of food comfort food. For some people, ice cream is a comfort food. For others, a bowl of noodle soup makes them feel good.

How does a food become comfort food? Professor Wansink believes that we connect food with important times, feelings, and people in our lives. “ When I was a child, my mother made a delicious soup ; I loved it. Now, I often eat this soup when I am tired or worried, and it helps me feel better, ” says one of Wansink’s coworkers.

Do men and women choose different comfort foods? Wansink’s research at the University of Illinois says “yes.” In his study, the favorite comfort food for both men and women was ice cream. After this, men usually preferred hot, savory foods like soup or noodles. Women liked sweet things such as chocolate and cookies. Men and women like to eat comfort foods when they are happy, but women eat these foods more when they are sad or worried.

Not all comfort food is junk (垃圾) food. About 40 percent of the comfort foods in Wansink’s study were healthy main dishes or soups and vegetables. It shows, says Wansink, that a comfort food can taste good and be good for you.

54．The best title for the passage would be         .

A．How to Feel Good                    B．How to Keep Healthy

C．Healthy Foods Make You Feel Good  D．Comfort Foods Make You Feel Good

55．Which of the following is the favorite comfort food for men?

A．soup B．ice cream   C．noodles       D．cookies

56．We can infer from the passage that         .

A．your feeling is connected with what you eat

B．your feeling has nothing to do with what you eat

C．you will feel good if you have noodles

D．you will feel good if you have chocolate

57．The research done by Brian Wansink shows that          .

A．all comfort foods are good for health

B．all comfort foods have bad effects on health

C．women choose the same comfort foods as men

D．women eat more comfort foods when unhappy

 

下面是一篇文章，请将标有A—G的句子插入文章标号56-60的合适位置，使这篇文章意义完整，结构连贯；其中有两个句子是多余的。

Food is life; it gives us the nourishment (营养) we need to stay alive and be healthy. __1.__ Brian Wansink, a professor at the University of Illinois, says we also eat certain foods because they make us feel good, and remind us of happy memories. Wansink calls this kind of food comfort food. For some people, ice cream is a comfort food. For others, a bowl of noodles soup makes them feel good.

__2._ Professor Wansink believes that we connect food with important times, feelings, and people in our lives. “When I was a child, my mother made a delicious soup; I loved it. __3.__ And it helps me feel better,” Says one of Wansink’s coworkers.

Do men and women choose different comfort foods? Wansink’s research at the University of Illinois says “ yes”. In his study, the favorite comfort food for both men and women was ice cream. After this, men usually preferred hot, savory (香的) foods like soup or noodles. __4.__ Men and women like to eat comfort foods when they are happy, but women eat these foods more when they are sad or worried.

__5.__ About 40 percent of the comfort foods in Wansink’s study were healthy main dishes or soups and vegetables. It shows, says Wansink, that a comfort food can taste good and be good for you.

Not all comfort food is junk food.

Where can we buy this sort of food?

Sweet foods are also their preference.

How does a food become comfort food?

Usually, we eat because we are hungry or need energy.

Women like sweet things such as chocolate and cookies.

Now, I often have this kind of food when I am tired or worried.

 

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