The Indian government may use 3D paintings as virtual speed breakers(减速带) on major highways and roads, in order to check speeding and careless driving, and finally make its deadly roads a little safer. "We are trying out 3D paintings used as virtual speed breakers to avoid unnecessary requirements of speed breakers," India's transport minister Nitin Gadkari wrote.

The optical illusions(视觉错觉) are supposed to encourage drivers to slow down automatically. Earlier, India had ordered the removal of all speed breakers from highways, which are considered to be a safety hazard for high-speed vehicles. India has the highest number of road accident deaths in the world. According to the World Health Organisation, over 200,000 people are killed by road accidents.

The use of optical illusions as speed breakers was first pioneered in the American city of Philadelphia in 2008, as part of a campaign against speeding motorists. The technique has also been tried out in China to create floating 3D crossings. In India, cities such as Ahmedabad and Chennai have already experimented with 3D zebra crossings in the last one year. In Ahmedabad for instance, a mother and her daughter, both artists, have painted 3D crosswalks in the first few months of 2016. The artists say their motto is "to increase the attention of drivers", and that the concept has been successfully tested in accident-prone zones on a highway.

However, critics argue that once drivers know that these speed breakers are visual illusions, they may ignore them. Others also point out that India's decision does not consider the safety of a large number of pedestrians. In the end, the new policy may be just one step towards improving road safety.

1.Why are 3D paintings used on main highways and roads?

A. To make the surroundings more beautiful.

B. To attract the attention of tourists.

C. To reduce the rate of traffic accidents.

D. To show the advanced technology.

2.Which of the following words is closest to the meaning of “hazard” in paragraph 2?

A. Reminder B. Threat

C. Regulation D. Theory

3.What can we learn from Paragraph 3 and 4?

A. Philadelphia, the U.S.A is th second place to use virtual speed breakers in the world.

B. The idea tested in Ahmedabad recently has been a failure.

C. The new policy of 3D zebra crossings must be carried out smoothly.

D. The use of optical illusions as speed breakers is controversial in India.

4.What do we know about 3D zebra crossings from the passage?

A. They can vastly lower the death rate in India.

B. They have been widely used in India so far.

C. They are designed to increase drivers’ attention.

D. They are welcomed by both drivers and pedestrians.

It is every kid’s worst nightmare (梦魔) and six-year-old Jaden Hayes has lived it twice. First, he ______ his dad when he was four and then last month his mom died unexpectedly, ______ him an orphan (孤儿).

Jaden is understandably heartbroken. But there’s another side to his ______. A side he first made ______ 3 weeks ago when he told his friends that he was tired of seeing some people sad all the time. And he had a plan to ______ it.

Here is how it all ______. Jaden asked his aunt to buy a bunch of little ______ and take him to downtown Savannah to give them away. He ______ people who aren’t already smiling and then turns their day around, expecting ______ in return—but a smile.

So far he has gone out on four different occasions and ______ nearly 500 smiles. Sometimes he doesn’t get exactly the ______ he was hoping for: it simply confuses some people ______ a six-year-old would give them a toy. They ______ to behave awkwardly: stepping back or giving a ______ smile. In most cases, however, he will be paid ______ in hugs. Those good reactions have worked wonders: the more people that he made smile, the more ______ came out of him.

For Jaden, he would ______ his parents with each passing day. ______ he is a little fighter; he chooses to ______ his life with a smile. Meanwhile, he puts smiles back on the face of others to lift their ______. He reminds us too, that however tough life can be, there is always some measure of joy.

1.A. saw B. lost C. saved D. recognized

2.A. proving B. seeing C. leaving D. finding

3.A. interest B. action C. delight D. sadness

4.A. public B. available C. short D. safe

5.A. achieve B. fix C. enjoy D. finish

6.A. helped B. ended C. began D. changed

7.A. flowers B. toys C. books D. keys

8.A. believes B. loves C. asks D. targets

9.A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything

10.A. collected B. exchanged C. claimed D. shared

11.A. answers B. gifts C. reactions D. thanks

12.A. why B. how C. when D. where

13.A. refuse B. tend C. pretend D. continue

14.A. warm B. wide C. tight D. sweet

15.A. handsomely B. separately C. equally D. cautiously

16.A. envy B. joy C. surprise D. doubt

17.A. miss B. search C. tell D. visit

18.A. Still B. Then C. Yet D. Even

19.A. brave B. start C. risk D. celebrate

20.A. performances B. hands C. spirits D. eyes

My husband and I used to live in the city.But we often faced a lot of problems there.There was a lot of late?night noise.It was difficult to find parking.And the rent of the apartment was high.Finally,my husband and I decided to move to the suburb outside Boston.

We started looking for our new home.It turned out that many other people were also moving to the suburbs and it wasn’t easy to find a nice house there.Finally we went to see a small and dark house.It needed a lot of work.But it was well built and it was on a street where we could walk to Starbucks,restaurants and bus stops.Well,before I knew it,we had made an offer and the house became ours.

On our first night in the house I cried for five hours.I thought we had made the wrong decision and I wanted to go back to the city—the house was smelly and old.And many families and old people lived around it.But after thinking of the problems we had when we were living in the city,I calmed down.Besides,our new home wasn’t that bad,after all.I had a driveway of my own.There were three big bedrooms and a backyard for my dog.Oh,how lovely the sound of nothing was.I changed the house inch by inch and it became a very comfortable home.

We have been in our house for over two years until now and it’s the best move we have ever made.While I’m glad I can drive into the city in fifteen minutes and enjoy all it has offered,I’m always happy to return home.

1.Why did the writer and her husband move to the suburb?

A. They found jobs there.

B. They could only afford a small house.

C. They dreamed of living in the country.

D. They no longer liked living in the city.

2.On the first night in the house,the writer .

A. was too excited

B. felt scared living there

C. regretted moving there at first

D. was moved to tears by its quietness

3.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 show about the house?

A. It was lovely.

B. It was really quiet.

C. It had nothing in it.

D. It has beautiful sound.

4.We can learn from the passage that the writer .

A. hates driving to the city

B. is afraid of returning home

C. loves living in the suburbs now

D. cannot wait to go back to the city

New mercury(汞) threat to oceans from climate change

Rising temperatures could boost mercury levels in fish by up to seven times the current rates, said Swedish researchers in an article published in Science Journal. They’ve discovered warming increases levels of the toxin (毒素) in sea creatures. In experiments, they found that extra rainfall drives up the amount of organic material flowing into the seas. This alters the food chain, adding another layer of complex organisms which boosts the concentrations of mercury up the line.

Mercury is one of the world’s most toxic metals, and according to the World Health Organization, is one of the top ten threats to public health. The substance at high levels has been linked to damage to the nervous system, paralysis and mental impairment in children.

The most common form of exposure to mercury is by eating fish containing methylmercury(甲基水银), an organic form of the chemical which forms when bacteria react with mercury in water, soil or plants. Levels of mercury in the world’s ecosystems have increased by between 200% and 500%, since the industrial revolution say experts, driven up by the use of fossil fuels such as coal.

In recent years there have been concentrated efforts to limit the amount of mercury entering the environment, with an international treaty, called the Minamata Convention, signed by 136 countries in place since 2013.

Researchers hope that the Minamata treaty will be successful and countries reduce the amount of mercury that is being produced. Otherwise this discovery of a previously unknown source could have impacts for human health.

Other researchers in the field say that the new study highlights important issues that have previously been little known.

“This work experimentally proves that climate change will have a significant effect of methylmercury budgets in coastal waters and its accumulation in fish,” said Milena Horvat from the Jozef Stefan Institute in Slovenia.

“This work will also help us understand the formation of mercury in fish and help reduce mercury from emission sources (primarily industrial).”

1.Where did Swedish researchers find warming increases levels of the toxin?

A. In the Pacific Ocean. B. On the Continent.

C. In Red Sea. D. In sea creatures.

2.What can cause damage to the nervous system?

A. Exposure to mercury. B. Mercury at high levels.

C. Methylmercury. D. The use of fossil fuels.

3.How does methylmercury form?

A. By limiting the amount of mercury entering the environment.

B. By reducing the amount of mercury.

C. When bacteria react with mercury in water, soil or plants.

D. When climate change returns to normal.

4.What can we know from Milena Horvat’s words?

A. Climate change will increase the levels of mercury in food.

B. Levels of mercury in the world’s ecosystems have increased by between 200% and 500%.

C. The Minamata Convention has been signed by 136 countries in place since 2013.

D. Mercury reduction from emission sources can be beneficial to fish.

Being a good friend isn’t always easy,but taking the time to develop a lasting friendship is worth the effort.As the years pass,you will realize that each friendship you keep is priceless.1. To be a good friend and deepen a friendship,just follow these steps.

Keep your promises.

Don’t ever make a promise that you can’t keep.If you say you’ll hang out with a friend and an unexpected situation arises,explain the situation.Give your friend a gift and tell him or her you are sorry.Nobody is perfect,and it’s okay if you break a promise once in a blue moon.2.

Apologize when you’ve made a mistake.

3.Though your friend won’t be happy that you made a mistake,he or she will be very pleased that you admit it instead of just pretending that nothing is wrong.

4.

To be truly supportive,you will have to be able to watch out for your friend when he/she is having a difficult time.If you sense that your friend is getting into some trouble,help him or her away from the situation by not being afraid to speak up about it.

Give your friend some space when he or she needs it.

Part of being supportive means supporting the fact that your friend won’t always want to spend time with you.Learn to step back and give your friend space.5. Don’t be jealous (嫉妒的) if your friend has lots of other friends.

A.However,don’t make it a regular thing.

B.Help your friend deal with his or her struggles.

C.Learn to forgive your friend and move forward.

D.Of course,to have a good friend,you must be one.

E.If you want your friend to believe in you,you can’t act like you’re perfect.

F.Understand if your friend wants to be alone or to have a walk with other people.

G.Take the time to truly understand your friend when he or she is talking to you.

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