To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study in Australia in 2012. A. having conducted B. to be conductedC. conducting D. conducted 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study _______ in Australia in 2012.

A. having conducted B. to be conducted

C. conducting D. conducted

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The largest land animal remaining on the earth, the African elephant is of much importance to African ecosystem. Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a giant plant-eater, it significantly shapes the forest-and-savanna(大草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore deciding the conditions of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.

It is the elephant’s great desire for food that makes it both a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and under-bushes, as well as pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in not only deep tropical forests but also the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth, which attract a variety of other plant-eaters.

Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants create open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable for large-hoofed plant-eat-ers to move around and for small-sized plant-eaters to obtain their food as well.

Scientists are worried now that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant dies out, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.

1. It can be inferred from the passage that the African elephant .

A. is now the largest animal on the earth

B. determines life and death of millions of other animals in its habitat

C. has far-reaching impact on its habitat as a giant animal-eater

D. makes great contributions to its environment like other animals

2.The African elephant influences the ecosystem in the following ways except that .

A. it creates open areas in deep tropical forests as well as woodlands

B. it pulls off the branches and leaves, shutting out the sunshine

C. its eating habit can be made use of by large-hoofed and small-sized animals

D. it encourages some kinds of plants growing in an indirect way

3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A. Numerous grown plants are the favorites of plant-eaters.

B. The extinction of the African elephant has nothing to do with the ecosystem.

C. Quantities of plants are consumed by African elephants, including branches and under-bushes.

D. The forest floor in rain forests is scarcely dotted with new shoots.

4.The passage is developed mainly by .

A. presenting the changes in time order

B. making comparisons and giving examples

C. classifying similarities and differences

D. showing the effect and then explaining the reasons

His comprehensive surveys have provided the most statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.

A. explicit B. ambiguous

C. original D. arbitrary

阅读理解

第一节：阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。

“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?”Lindsey whipers to Tori.

With her eyes shining,tori brags，“You bet I did,Sean told me two days ago.”

Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about?It just happened to be yours truly,Adam Freedmam,I can tell you that what that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true.Still,Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton Higt School,including me.Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话)。I have noticed three effects of gossip:it can hurt people,it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction,and it can cause social pressures in a group.

An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually,gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups,trouble at home,even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is,the juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People ofen think of gossipers as harmless,but cruel lies can cause pain.

If we know that gossip can be harmful,then why do so many of us do it?Tht answer lies in another effect of gossip:the satisfaction it gives us.Sharing the latest rumor(传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t.Similarly,hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.”In other words,gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).

Gossip also can have a third effect:it strengthens unwritten,unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said,then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.

The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news,thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story”might have.

1.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passahe to .

A.introduce a topic

B.present an argument

C.describe the characters

D.clarify his writing purpose

2.An important negative effects of gossip is that it.

A.breaks up relationships

B.embarrasses the listener

C.spreads information around

D.causes unpleasant experiences

3.In the auther’s opinion,many people like to gossip because it.

A.gives them a feeling of pleasure

B.helpl them to make more friends

C.makes them better at telling stories

D.enables them to meet important people

4.Professor David Wilson think that gossip can .

A.provide students with written rules

B.help people watch their own behaviors

C.force school to impove student handbooks

D.attract the police’s attention to group behaviors

5.What advice does the author give in the passage?

A.Never become a gossiper

B.Stay away from gossipers

C.Don’t let gossip turn into lies

D.Think twice before you gossip.

Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.

A. had not fallen B. would not fall

C. did not fall D. would not have fallen

_______online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.

A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.

We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.

Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.

Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.

Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.

When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after dat I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.

One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.

An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.

Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.

1.People with start-up fatigue are most likely to .

A. delay tasks

B. work hard

C. seek help

D. accept failure

2. What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?

A. Writing essays in strict order.

B. Building up physical strength.

C. Leaving out the toughest ideas.

D. Dealing with the hardest task first.

3.On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?

A. Before starting a difficult task.

B. When all the solutions fail.

C. If the job is rather boring.

D. After finding a way out.

4. According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us .

A. ignore mental problems

B. get some nice sleep

C. gain complete relief

D. find the right solution

5.What could be the best title for the passage?

A. Success Is Built upon Failure

B. How to Handle Performance Fatigue

C. Getting over Fatigue: A Way to Success

D. Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems

When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years.

A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen

C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see

—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?

—The new Star Wars.Wehere for more than two hours.

A.waited B.wait

C.would be waiting D.have been waiting

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