题目内容

Washington: A research conducted at the University of Maryland looks at the numerous complex reasons as to why young children decide to include or exclude (排斥) other kids from their group of friends.

     It suggests that the kids' decision-making process is much more complex than previously believed.

     "They take into account group information, ranging from cliques (小圈子) and networks, when deciding what makes a group work well. Sometimes kids are excluded because they lack social skills, but a lot of time it has nothing to do with that. Instead it has to do with what we refer to as 'group membership' such as gender, race, nation, and culture," says Professor Melanie Killen, the Associate Director of the Centre for Children Relationships and Culture at Maryland, who led the 4-year project.

     Reporting their findings in the journal, the researcher said whatever was the reason, individuals who experienced long-term exclusion (排斥) from the group of friends suffered from depression, anxiety and loneliness.

     The study looked at two models to define how children make decisions regarding acceptance of other kids in their group -- the individual social deficit model and the inter-group social cognition (认同) model. While the former says that children's rejection occurs due to social deficits like shyness, wariness or fearfulness, the latter says that it happens because of group dynamics, prejudice and exclusion.

     It was also found that the age of children was also a factor that influenced their decisions regarding other kids' acceptance as friends.

     "With age, kids become more aware of group dynamics, conventions, customs, and rituals. With this comes a greater concern about group functioning, which can lead to exclusion which can be negative from a social justice viewpoint," says Killen.

     The researcher believes that her study may have many benefits, as it could provide insights into how to help when children are rejected by their peers.

1.While making friends, kids think more about the following EXCEPT ______.

    A. social skills B. culture C. race D. gender

2.The underlined word "deficit" in Paragraph 5 may mean “_______”.

    A. skill B. relationship C. weakness D. experience

3.One of the major purposes of the research is to _______.

    A. tell the reader how to tell inclusion from exclusion

   B. remind children to be careful while making friends

    C. seek ways to help kids excluded by their peers

    D. stop the children belonging to the inter-group social cognition model

4.While making friends, children exclude those of social deficit model to _______.

   A. keep their groups purer

    B. make their groups more socially powerful

    C. refuse other customs and cultures

   D. prove their groups to be strict

 

【答案】

 

1.A

2.C

3.C

4.B

【解析】略

 

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完形填空(共20小题:每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

For Senior 3 students, choosing which college to attend can be the most exciting and thrilling time in their entire school lives. This is also true for an American girl 21   Melanie.

Melanie’s dad, James Porter, who is the chief of police for a Chicago suburb, wants Melanie to 22  nearby Northwestern University, where she’s 23  been accepted. But Melanie, 17,really wants to go to Georgetown University in Washington, D.C, where she’s been wait-listed.

When she gets an unexpected 24  from Georgetown University, she decides to 25  a road trip with a few 26  female friends. Melanie believes it is her first step 27  adulthood.

But 28  the fact that this trip is “girls only”, James isn’t 29  with the prospect(期望) of his little princess 30  the world without him. He wants to protect her, so he joins the girls and hopes he can convince Melanie to go to Northwestern. 31  Melanie’s father only has the best of 32  , his presence 33  an endless series of comic encounters(遭遇).

After following their faulty device   34   into the backwoods (偏远地区), James and Melanie   35   Melanie’s little brother and his pet pig have been hiding in the spare compartment (隔间). What should be a simple change   36   the expensive car rolling down a mountain, forcing them to hike to a nearby hotel…

All these disasters add spice to their trip while along the way a father and a daughter   37   get the chance to really   38   each other.

All parents,   39   they have college students or not, can relate to the bittersweet realization that their kids are growing up.   40   what Melanie and James have done, we all can find the delicate (脆弱的) balance between staying connected and letting go.

1.A.named              B.naming           C.namely           D.names

2.A.join               B.send             C.attend           D.pass

3.A.still              B.always           C.yet              D.already

4.A.appointment        B.interview        C.visit            D.meeting

5.A.provide            B.offer            C.take             D.hold

6.A.closing            B.close            C.closed           D.closely

7.A.toward             B.for              C.during           D.with

8.A.though             B.in spite         C.once             D.despite

9.A.satisfying         B.successful       C.comfortable      D.meaningful

10.A.seeking           B.examining        C.searching        D.exploring

11.A.Since             B.Because          C.While            D.When

12.A.intentions        B.attempts         C.efforts          D.planning

13.A.comes about       B.leads to         C.calls in         D.turns out

14.A.lately            B.late             C.deeply           D.deep

15.A.discover          B.invent           C.recognize        D.realize

16.A.succeeds in       B.brings in        C.results from     D.certainly

17.A.hopefully         B.finally          C.firstly          D.certainly

18.A.agree to          B.speak to         C.talk to          D.turn to

19.A.whether           B.if               C.what             D.why

20.A.As    B.Like C.For  D.Except

 

Shirley Allen loved to sing and play the piano. She studied music in college and her 36 was to become a concert pianist or blues singer.

Everything 37 when she was 20 years old. She became sick with what doctors  38  was typhoid fever(伤寒)and she almost died. Doctors gave her medicine to help her get well, but the medicine  39 her to become  40 deaf. She could no longer hear the music which she had always  41.

Shirley would never give up playing the piano,  42  she did decide to change 43 . She transferred to Gallaudet University and studied English. In 1964 Shirley graduated from Gallaudet and looked for  44 . She wanted to be 45 and work full-time.

For three years, Shirley worked as a clerk in Washington, D.C. 46 , in 1967 she was asked to work at Gallaudet University as a dorm supervisor (宿舍监管员). Shirley supervised young women who 47 in the university during the school year. She also taught English. Somehow she found time to 48 graduate school at Howard University in Washington, D.C. In 1972, Shirley received her M.A. degree.

Always 49  a new challenge, in 1973 Shirley became a professor at National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID),which 50 deaf and hard-of-hearing students technical and professional training.

This 51 woman became the first black deaf female in the world to receive her Ph.D. She made  52 in 1992,  53 she received the highest degree in education from the University of Rochester in New York.

Dr. Shirley Jeanne Allen has traveled many roads and 54 many rainbows searching for her dream. With courage and 55, she never gave up.

1.

A.job

B.interest

C.dream

D.duty

 

2.

A.changed

B.disappeared

C.stopped

D.ended

 

3.

A.said

B.agreed

C.found

D.thought

 

4.

A.allowed

B.caused

C.encouraged

D.enabled

 

5.

A.almost

B.totally

C.actually

D.gradually

 

6.

A.played

B.loved

C.performed

D.remembered

 

7.

A.and

B.so

C.but

D.even if

 

8.

A.career

B.interest

C.life

D.attitude

 

9.

A.information

B.help

C.a job

D.an assistant

 

10.

A.happy

B.independent

C.free

D.confident

 

11.

A.However

B.Therefore

C.Then

D.Besides

 

12.

A.worked

B.studied

C.lived

D.played

 

13.

A.attend

B.observe

C.describe

D.advertise

 

14.

A.interested in

B.busy with

C.concerned about

D.ready for

 

15.

A.teaches

B.promises

C.pays

D.offers

 

16.

A.amazing

B.strict

C.wealthy

D.beautiful

 

17.

A.progress

B.history

C.suggestions

D.excuses

 

18.

A.after

B.while

C.until

D.when

 

19.

A.found

B.watched

C.followed

D.appreciated

 

20.

A.determination

B.intelligence

C.strength

D.pride

 

Events Calendar

TUESDAY

Landscape Pests (害虫)

Learn to identify, control and prevent seasonal landscape-disease and landscape-pest problems at the workshop, 3:30 pm. – 5 pm. Tuesday at the US National Arboretum, 3501 New York Ave NE, Washington. $15; registration required.

202-245-4521 or www.usna.usda.gov.

THROUGH AUGUST 3

Horticultural(园艺的) Art

Watercolors, pen-and-ink drawings and colored-pencil pieces by the Brookside Gardens School of Botanical (植物学的) Art and Illustration will be on display at the exhibit Botanic 2007: The Art and Science of Plants at Brookside Gardens Visitors Center, 1800 Glenallan Ave, Wheaton, through Aug. 3. Free. 301-962-1400 or www.brooksidegardens.org.

THROUGH SEPTEMBER 9

Botanical Art

Visit Patterns in Nature, an exhibit by Amy Lamb featuring photographs of flowers, leaves and other botanical life, at the US Botanic Garden Conservatory (温室),West Orangerie, 100 Maryland Ave SW, Washington, through Sept. 9. The conservatory is open 10 am. – 5 pm. Daily. Free. 202-225-8333.

THROUGH OCTOBER 8

Botanic Garden Exhibit

Celebrating America’s Public Gardens is on view through Oct. 8 at the US Botanic Garden, 100 Maryland Ave SW, Washington. The exhibit, on the Conservatory Terrace and in the National Garden, features displays of 20 public botanic gardens across the country. Hours are 10 am. – 5 pm. Daily. Free. 202-200-8956.

1.If you want to record your name for an event in advance, you may call _____.

A.202-225-8333

B.202-245-4521

C.301-962-1400

D.202-200-8956

2. If you go to Botanic Garden Exhibit, you _____.

A.can enjoy drawings and coloured-pencil pieces

B.can learn how to kill pests living on the plants

C.can find displays of 20 botanic gardens across the country

D.will enjoy the photographs of flowers and leaves

3. From the advertisement, we learn _____.

A.the first event is about growing healthy plants

B.all of the events are free of charge

C.there is no time limit to all the events

D.you can find the information of all the events either by phone or by e-mail

 

The first Starbucks coffee shop opened in 1971 in downtown Seattle, Washington, in the United States. It was a small coffee shop that roasted its own coffee beans. The coffee shop’s business did well, and by 1981 there were three more Starbucks stores in Seattle.

Things really began to change for the company in 1981. That year, Howard Schultz met the three men who ran Starbucks. Schultz worked in New York for a company that made kitchen equipment. He noticed that Starbucks ordered a large number of special coffee makers, and he was curious about the company. Schultz went to Seattle to see what Starbucks did , and he liked what he saw. He wanted to become part of the company. In 1982, the original Starbucks owners hired Schultz as the company’s head of marketing.

In 1983, Schultz traveled to Italy. The unique atmosphere of the espresso(浓咖啡) bars there caught his eye. To Schultz it seemed that Italians spent their daily lives in three places: home, work , and coffee bars . His experience in Italy gave Schultz a new idea for Starbucks back in Seattle.

Schultz created an atmosphere for Starbucks coffee shops that was comfortable and casual, and customers everywhere seemed to like it. Between 1987 and 1992, Starbucks opened 150 new stores---and that was only the beginning. As a matter of fact, by the year 2000, three new Starbucks stores opened somewhere around the world every day!

Today, Starbucks has thousands of stores, including stores in twenty-six countries. One thing that helps make Starbucks succeed in cities outside the United Stateds is the way Starbucks works with local stores and restaurants. By working together with a store already in the city, Starbucks gains an understanding of customers in the city.  This understanding helps Starbucks open stores in the right locations for their customers.

1.What is the main topic of the reading?

A. how Starbucks has grown       B. Starbucks’ customers

C. what Starbucks makes          D. how Starbucks makes its coffee

2.Which is true about Starbucks’ first ten years of business?

        A. It grew very quickly           B. It was run by Howard Schultz

        C. It was a small company        D. It made special coffee makers

3.Who is Howard Schultz?

        A. a coffee seller from New York      B. the man who changed the company

        C. an Italian coffee maker       D. one of the original owners of the company

4.About how many new Starbucks opened in 1999?

        A. 3     B. 150       C. 300      D. more than 1000

5.What helps Starbucks succeed in places outside the United States?

A. opening restaurants in just a few locations each year.

B. only selling locally produced coffee beans

C. working with other major coffee-making companies

D. learning about local customers.

 

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