Researchers at the University of Kansas say that people can accurately judge 90 percent of a stranger’s personality simply by looking at the person’s shoes.

“Shoes convey a thin but useful piece of information about their wearers,” the authors wrote in the new study published in the Journal of Research in Personality. “Shoes serve a practical purpose, and also serve as nonverbal(非语言的) indications with symbolic messages. People tend to pay attention to the shoes they and others wear.”

Medical Daily notes that the details detected in the study include a person’s general age, sex, income, political affiliation(派别), and other personality characteristics, including someone’s emotional stability.

Lead researcher Omri Gillath said the judgments were based on the style, cost, color, and condition of someone’s shoes. In the study, 63 University of Kansas students looked at pictures showing 208 different pairs of shoes worn by the study’s participants. Volunteers in the study were photographed in their most commonly worn shoes, and then filled out a personality questionnaire.

So, some of the results were expected: People with higher incomes most commonly wore expensive shoes, and flashier footwear was typically worn by extroverts(外向者).

However, some of the more specific results are interesting. For example, “practical and functional” shoes were generally worn by more “agreeable” people, while ankle boots went more closely with “aggressive” personalities.

The strangers of all may be that those who wore “uncomfortable looking” shoes tend to have “calm” personalities.

And if you have several pairs of new shoes or take exceptional care of them, you may suffer from “attachment anxiety”, spending a large amount of time worrying about what other people think of your appearance.

There was even a political calculation in the mix with more liberal types wearing “shabbier and less expensive” shoes.

The researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personality characteristics, but researchers noted that volunteers were also likely to be unaware that their footwear choices were showing deep awareness into their personalities.

1.According to Omri Gillath, a stranger’s personality can be judged by ___.

A. he age and sex of the person

B. the personality questionnaire by the person

C. the emotional stability of the person

D. the shoes the person wears

2.We can infer from Paragraph 2 that ___.

A. a practical purpose is to wear shoes

B. people want to buy new shoes they pay attention to

C. shoes are vital to their wearers

D. the Journal of Research in Personality is a magazine

3.The underlined word “agreeable” is closest in meaning to __.

A. gentle B. weak C. generous D. considerate

4. Which might be the best title for the passage?

A. Good Shoes, Good Character

B. Bad Shoes, Bad Personality

C. Shoes and Their Wearers’ Personality

D. Shoes Shape A Person’s Character

As more people use smart phones to pay bills and store personal information, strict password security has become more important than ever. A new study shows that free - form gestures – sweeping fingers in shapes across the screen of a smart phone—can be used to unlock phones. These gestures are less likely to be observed and reproduced by others than traditional typed passwords.

“All that it takes to steal a password is a quick eye,” said one of the researchers of the study. “With all the personal information we have on our phones today, improving their security is becoming increasingly necessary.” In developing a secure solution to this problem, the researchers studied the practicality of using free - form gestures. With the ability to create any shape in any size and location on the screen, the gestures were popular as passwords. Since users create them without following a template, the researchers predicted these gestures would allow for greater complexity.

The researchers carried out a create - test - retest experiment where 63 people were asked to create a gesture, recall it, and recall it again 10 days later. The gestures were captured on a recognizer system designed by the team. Using this data, they tested the complexity and accuracy of each gesture using information theory. The result of their analysis is that people are favorable to use free - form gestures as passwords.

To put their analysis into practice, the researchers then had seven students in computer science and engineering, each with considerable experience with touchscreens(触摸屏), attempt to steal a free - form gesture password by observing a phone user secretly. None of them were able to copy the gestures with enough accuracy. The gestures appear to be extremely powerful against attacks.

Though the testing is in its early stage and widespread adaptation of this technology is not yet clear, the research team plans to continue to analyze the security and management of free – form passwords in the future. They believe this is the first study to explore free - form gestures as passwords. They will soon publish their findings.

1.What can we learn about free - form gestures?

A. They are improving mobile security in a way.

B. Users will have to make use of simple gestures.

C. They will never be copied by others.

D. Users must move their fingers in fixed shapes.

2.The experiment in paragraph 4 is to test _________ of free - form gestures.

A. template B. application

C. accuracy D. security

3. According to the text, the researchers think that ________.

A. it is easy to steal any password with a quick eye

B. better ways of setting passwords should be developed

C. people had better not use smart phones to pay bills

D. personal information should not be stored in a phone

4.The main purpose of the text is to ________.

A. advise people to use free - form gestures

B. discuss whether smart phones are safe

C. talk about the practicality of passwords

D. introduce the study of a new password

In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy resolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil(棕榈油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown more than 50%.

Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one.

The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.

1.The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that .

A. it makes the world warmer

B. it consumes natural resources

C. it brings severe damage to future

D. it makes growth hard to continue

2.What can we infer from Paragraph2?

A. China lacks wind and solar energy.

B. China is the leader of the low-carbon market.

C. High-speed trains are a low-carbon development.

D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.

3.To fully develop the low-carbon markets governments can______.

A. cut public expenses

B. forbid carbon emissions

C. develop public resources

D. encourage energy conservation

4.We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to _______.

A. develop sustainable products

B. explore new natural resources

C. make full use of natural resources

D. deal with the major challenge

5.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To introduce a new business model

B. To compare two business models

C. To predict a change of the global markets

D. To advocate sustainable development

Time talks. It speaks more plainly than words. Time in many ways.

Consider the different parts of the day, for example. The time of the day when something is done can give a meaning to the event. It is not a to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that something is urgent and immediate attention.

The same meaning is telephone calls made after 11:00 pm. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he may think it is a of life or death. The time chosen for the call its importance.

In social life, time plays a very part. In the United States, guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But this is not in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be .

The meaning of time from place to place in the world. , misunderstandings often arise between people from different cultures that time differently. For example, promptness (准时) is greatly in American life. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as or not fully responsible. In the US, no one would think of keeping a business partner for an hour; it would be too rude. A person who is five minutes late is to make a short apology.

1.A. wastes B. communicates C. travels D. runs

2.A. special B. ridiculous C. precious D. rare

3.A. custom B. deal C. problem D. duty

4.A. whenever B. though C. while D. once

5.A. gives B. escapes C. pays D. requires

6.A. compared with B. covered with C. attached to D. devoted to

7.A. story B. matter C. game D. view

8.A. reduces B. ignores C. doubts D. stresses

9.A. different B. small C. significant D. equal

10.A. plan B. invitation C. gift D. wish

11.A. true B. useful C. clear D. grateful

12.A. on time B. at length C. in advance D. by chance

13.A. remembered B. forgotten C. canceled D. opposed

14.A. varies B. separates C. rushes D. keeps

15.A. Meanwhile B. Otherwise C. Thus D. Besides

16.A. make B. kill C. save D. treat

17.A. complained B. valued C. seized D. influenced

18.A. impolite B. desperate C. helpless D. unlucky

19.A. working B. approaching C. waiting D. thinking

20.A. forced B. expected C. refused D. blessed

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