题目内容
The differences between men and women's friendships
Betty and Harold have been married for years. But one thing still puzzles (困扰) old Harold. How is it that he can leave Betty and her friend Joan sitting on the sofa, talking, go out to a ballgame, come back three and a half hours later, and they're still sitting on the sofa and talking?
What old Harold cannot understand or explain is the fact that women have so much to share.
Betty shrugs. Talk? We're friends.
Researching this matter called friendship, psychologist Lillian Rubin spent two years interviewing more than two hundred women and men. the results were completely clear: women have more friendships than men. Rubin's study shows that for emotional support a married woman is more likely to turn to a female friend.
"In general," writes Rubin in her new book, "women's friendships with each other lie on shared emotions and support, but men's relationships are marked by shared activities.”
“ Men keep their innermost(内心深处的) feelings to themselves. " Rubin writes, " Whereas(然而) a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage. However, a man by society doesn’t complain about his marriage trouble. it wasn't unusual to hear a man say he didn't know his friend's marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. "
1.What old Harold cannot understand or explain is the fact that ________.
|
A．he is treated as an outsider rather than a husband |
|
B．women have so much to share. |
|
C．women show little interest in ballgames |
|
D．he find his wife difficult to talk to |
2.Rubin's study shows that for emotional support a married woman is more likely to turn to _________.
|
A．a male friend |
B．a female friend |
|
C．her parents |
D．her husband |
3.What do women's friendships with each other lie on in general?
|
A．shared emotions |
B．support |
|
C．shared activities |
D．shared emotions and support |
4.According to the last paragraph, which type of behavior is NOT expected of a man by society?
|
A．Ending his marriage without good reason. |
|
B．Spending too much time with his friends. |
|
C．complaining about his marriage trouble. |
|
D．going out to ballgames too often.. |
5.What is the article about? ________.
|
A．happy and successful marriages |
|
B．friendships of men and women |
|
C．emotional problems in marriage |
|
D．interactions between men and women |
1.B
2.B
3.D
4.C
5.B
【解析】
试题分析：1.细节题：从文章第二段的句子：What old Harold cannot understand or explain is the fact that women have so much to share.可知答案是B
2.细节题：从第四段的句子：Rubin's study shows that for emotional support a married woman is more likely to turn to a female friend.可知答案是B
3.细节题：从第五段的句子：women's friendships with each other lie on shared emotions and support,可知D正确。
4.细节题:从最后一段的句子;However, a man by society doesn’t complain about his marriage trouble说明C正确
5.主旨题，文章的标题：The differences between men and women's friendships告诉我们B项是主旨。
考点：考查人生百态类阅读
点评：文章介绍男女对友谊的不同态度，抓每一段的中心思想，找出男女的不同观点，再进行比较分析。
Friendship can deeply affect the physical and mental health of both men and women. Studies show that people who have no friends or who are lonely, are more likely to die earlier, get sick more often and suffer greater physical wear and tear(折磨）than those who have a support system of friends.
Sometimes, family members may be more likely to give you advice or tell you what you don't want to hear. It may not be as good as a friend who will listen to you and guide you, but support your decisions anyway. The most important elements about friendship are those who suffer support and do not judge your decisions based on society.
One reason for the link between social support and good health practice seems to be that people who feel cared for by others are less stress-out and protected against the symptoms(症状）of depression and loneliness.
Generally, women benefit most because of how they deal with stress. Women are more social in how they deal with stress than men while men are more likely to have a "fight or flight” reaction. Women also tend to have larger, denser social network, in which more people know each other and help each other, while men typically have smaller groups of friends and will rely on their wives or other important people for more support. While all these affect people psychologically (心理上）, friendship brings comfort that reduces the ill effects of stress, and the sex difference also contributes to the difference in the length of one's life time.
【小题1】In the author's opinion, a real friend should .
| A．tell you what to do even if you refuse to hear it |
| B．try to persuade you to change your mind quickly |
| C．judge your decision according to his, her experience |
| D．give you advice but respect your own decision |
| A．women are always cared for by more people than men |
| B．women are usually less stress-out when staying with others |
| C．women are more likely to solve problems with friends’ help |
| D．women can always keep more long-life friendship than men |
| A．it's good for women to tell men what they should do or not |
| B．friends are always more important than family members |
| C．men don't want to share their problems with many people |
| D．the trend that women can live longer makes them more relaxed |
| A．why people should develop friendship |
| B．when friendship affects people's health |
| C．people’s different attitudes towards friendship |
| D．the friendship which can make people live longer |
An allowance(零花钱) is an important tool for teaching kids how to make plans for the use of money, save and make their own decisions. Children remember and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly.
How large an allowance is suitable? Experts say there is not right amount. Actual amounts differ from region to region, and from family to family.
To set an suitable allowance for your child, work up a weekly plan. Allow for entertainment costs such as movies and snacks. Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, school supplies. "If you make the child responsible for these bills’," says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, " he or she will learn to plan for necessary costs."
Finally, add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can keep your child’s allowance in line with that of his friends. A child whose buying power falls away below his peers’ can feel left out.
It can be tough, but don’t excuse your children when they make a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Stephens was ten and growing up in Jacksonville, her mother gave her $5 a week, $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch." If you lose your money," Brooke’s mother told her, "you walk home."
One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store, then she called home for a ride. " Mom made me walk home," recalls Stephens, now a financial planner in Brooklyn. " At first I was angry. But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson. "
Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied directly to a child’s daily housework at home. Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home, which can develop his or her early habits.
【小题1】Which of the following is the possible title of the passage?
| A．How to develop a child’s early habits. |
| B．How to work up an amount of pocket money. |
| C．How to teach a child about money. |
| D．How to teach a child to save money. |
| A．spend all the money very soon |
| B．fall into the bad habit of wasting money |
| C．feel responsible and careful about money |
| D．lose the money and can not return home |
| A．his parents | B．his friends |
| C．his financial experts | D．his teachers |
| A．To question the opinion about pocket money. |
| B．To compare Stephens with other financial experts. |
| C．To explain that parents should be strict when children are developing good habits about money. |
| D．To suggest pocket money is useless in developing a child’s sense of responsibility. |
| A．children may feel lonely if they have no pocket money |
| B．a child’s early good habits can be developed if he or she is paid for all the housework |
| C．paying children for their housework is no good |
| D．children may learn to put aside some money if they are given a great amount of pocket money |
Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden change in pronunciation started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact with people from around the world. This means that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Spelling and grammar became fixed and the dialect （方言）of London became the standard. In 1604, the first English dictionary was published.
The numbers of words in Early Modern English and Late Modern English differ. Late Modern English has a lot more words because of two main factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire covered one quarter of the earth’s surface, and the English language took in foreign words from many countries.
From around 1600, the English colonization(殖民地化)of North America resulted in the creation of American English. Some English pronunciation and words froze when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English. Some expressions that the British call “ Americanisms” are in fact original （原先的）British expressions that were preserved (保存) in the colonies but were lost in Britain. Spanish also had an influence on American English, with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English. French words and West African words also influenced American English.
Today, American English is the most influential(有影响力的). But there are many other kinds of English around the world, including Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English , Indian English and Caribbean English. They have differences.
【小题1】What can we know from Paragraph 1?
| A．The dialect of London became the standard in the year 1604. |
| B．Vowels were pronounced longer towards the end of Middle English |
| C．The first English dictionary was published in the early 17th century. |
| D．Many new words entered English because many people moved to Britain. |
| A．required spelling and grammar to be fixed |
| B．required a greater number of English words |
| C．caused many old English words to be useless |
| D．led to the English colonization of North America. |
| A．became longer |
| B．greatly changed |
| C．a little changed |
| D．stayed as they were |
| A．The development of Modern English |
| B．How the English vocabulary became larger |
| C．Differences among the different kinds of English |
| D．Differences between Middle English and Modern English |
任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最适当的单词。注意：每空1个单词。
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients to speed recovery or to cover the coming of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs; the need to protect patients from brutal news, to uphold a promise of secrecy or to advance the public interest.
What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should doctors reject that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation?
Doctors face such choices often. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patients’ own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.
Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them of risks destroys their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.
But other studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about serious illness, and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness; help them tolerate pain better with less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.
There is an urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason to know the professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, “What you don’t know can’t hurt you.”
Title: 1 Or Not
| Different 2 | ·Most doctors are in 3 of lying for the patients’ own sake. |
| ·A great majority of patients 4 on being told the truth. | |
| Reasons for 5 lying to patients | ·Informing patients of the truth about their condition destroys their hope, 6 to recovering more slowly, or deteriorating faster, perhaps even 7 themselves. |
| Reasons 8 lying to patients | ·The truthful information helps patients to 9 their illness, help them tolerate pain better with less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery. ·Most patients feel 10 when they learn that they have been misled. |