Question

People often view the “last” moments of an event positively simply because they signal the end of an experience, say experts.

University of Michigan researchers found that even if an experience is painful or negative, but ends on a good note, people will consider it to be positive.

“Endings are powerful,” said Ed O’Brien, a graduate student in the Department of Psychology at the University of Michigan.

O’Brien and colleague Phoebe Ellsworth, the Frank Murphy Distinguished Professor of Law and Psychology, conducted a chocolate tasting experiment with 52 college students to test the theory.

Volunteers could taste five different Hershey’s Kisses chocolates—milk, dark, cream, caramel and almond – but did not know in advance how many pieces they would eat or the type. Participants rated how much they enjoyed the chocolate and described each flavor so that the researchers could record the order in which the randomly (随机的) selected treats were eaten.

Volunteers were assigned to the “next” or the “last ” condition by chance.

In the “next” condition, the experimenter said “Here is your next chocolate” before offering each chocolate, including the fifth.

For the “last” condition, the experimenter said “Here is your last chocolate” before offering  the fifth chocolate.

These participants rated the fifth chocolate more enjoyable than volunteers in the “next” condition.

As predicted, participants who knew they were eating the final chocolate of a taste test enjoyed it more.

In fact, when asked to pick their favorite chocolate, the majority of “last” participants chose the fifth – even though the flavor of the fifth was randomly chosen.

They also rated the overall experience as more enjoyable than volunteers who thought they were just eating one more chocolate in a series.

O’Brien says these findings may have far-reaching implications. For example, the last book or film in a series or the last speaker in a symposium (研讨会) may receive unwarranted praise.

The last job applicant, meanwhile, may look more qualified.

1.Which of the following is TRUE about the experiment?

A．The majority of “last” participants chose the almond flavor as their favorite.

B．Some participants enjoyed the experiment more because the last flavor tasted better.

C．The result would be different if researchers had used another brand of chocolate.

D．Some participants didn’t know it was their last chocolate when offered the fifth one.

2.What does the underlined word “unwarranted” in the second-to-last paragraph mean?

A．Fake.             B．Unwanted.         C．Unreasonable.      D．Insincere.

3.Which of the following is the best title for the article?

A．“Last” is the best.

B．Why “last” matters most.

C．It is the last step that is the hardest.

D．He who laughs last laughs best.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.D

2.C

3.A

【解析】

试题分析：本文分析了为什么最后一个事物往往会给人留下最好的印象？文章具体讲述了一个与此相关的科学研究。

1.D 推理题。根据文章第五段Volunteers were assigned to the “next” or the “last ” condition by chance. In the “next” condition, the experimenter said “Here is your next chocolate” before offering each chocolate, including the fifth. 可知参与者搞不清楚究竟那一颗巧克力是最后一颗，是由分发的人来确定的。故D项正确。

2.C 推理题。根据本句For example, the last book or film in a series or the last speaker in a symposium (研讨会) may receive unwarranted praise.可知人们经常会认为最后的东西都是好的，使用最后一本书或者连续剧里的最后一集都会受到不知道是什么原因的赞扬。故该词表示C项含义。

3.A 主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段People often view the “last” moments of an event positively simply because they signal the end of an experience, say experts.可知人们经常会认为最后的一个东西往往是最好的东西。接下来讨论的就是这个内容。故A正确。

考点：考察人生百态类短文阅读

点评：本文分析了为什么最后一个事物往往会给人留下最好的印象？推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理，要根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案。