题目内容
Birds will come back again and again to the______ spot for food and water.
- A.forbidden
- B.flesh
- C.given
- D.fresh
given 所述的, 确定的, 规定的。to the given spot,来到前面提到过的某地点又如: all the people in the given area 某地区所有的人。
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When many people see birds cleaning their feathers, they attribute it to vanity on the part of the bird. But, in reality, what they are doing is maintaining their wings, the instruments that they depend on for safe flight. If a bird’s wings are not in perfect condition, the bird either won’t be able to fly or won’t be able to control its flight. That is why after a long flight and even throughout the day, you will see them cleaning their feathers.
Most birds, if they get a chance, will take a bath at least once a day. They do this to get rid of the dust that has accumulated in their feathers throughout their flight s during the day. In dry or desert areas, birds will not always be able to find water in which to bath, but they still need to clean their feathers. What many birds will do is to take dust baths. They will roll around in dust until it covers their feathers. They will stand up, shaking the dust out, and then clean their feathers with their beaks (鸟嘴) as usual.
Baths are important for another reason. During the course of the day and night, many parasites (寄生虫) are attracted to birds. Bugs, mites, fleas and so on will try to reach birds and suck from their blood. Daily baths help to keep the parasites to a minimum.
Some birds, especially those that spend a lot of time in or around water, have skin glands (皮肤腺) that produce oil. After bathing, these birds will squeeze the glands to spread the oil over their wings to keep them free of water.
If you are a bird lover and have bird houses in your yard, it can be good to go to the extra step, providing a bird bath. Once the birds in your neighborhood discover it, you will be surprised at how popular it becomes as they periodically stop by to take their daily bath.
【小题1】What’s the passage mainly about?
| A．How birds clean themselves. | B．What birds enjoy doing. |
| C．Why baths matter so much to birds. | D．What bird lovers should do. |
| A．Most people think it good for birds to clean their feathers. |
| B．Most people show much interest in how birds clean themselves. |
| C．Most people believe that birds’ keeping themselves clean is necessary. |
| D．Most people think birds’ cleaning their feathers of no practical significance. |
| A．helps keep them healthy | B．keeps them free of any parasite |
| C．makes them more attractive | D．helps them relax enough |
| A．we should love birds as much as possible |
| B．birds enjoy cleaning themselves by bathing |
| C．we can be good bird lovers by bathing birds |
| D．birds like to come close to the people in a yard |
Deception (骗术）is something that people do all the time ,and it plays an important role in military (军事的)strategy. Now some researchers are trying to figure out how to get robots to do it, by looking at the behavior of squirrels and birds.
At Georgia Tech, a team led by Ronald Arkin , a professor at the School of interactive Computing, studied the literature on squirrels hiding their acorns (橡果）.Squirrels will hide their food m a certain place, but when they see other squirrels trying to steal from them, they attempt to fool the thieves by running to a fake location.
Ronald Arkin and his Ph. D. student Jaeeun Shim used that as a model for robot behavior. They programmed the robot into tricking a “predator (捕食者）” machine by doing what εi squirrel does： showing the enemy a false location for an important resource.
The team also looked at how other animals in this case，a species of bird called Arabian babbler~ drive off predators. A babbler will make an alarm call when they see a predator and other babblers will join the bird and make more calls. They then surround the predator, all the while flapping (拍打）wings and making noises. The babblers don’t ever actually fight the animal they want to drive off； they just make enough noises and flaps around enough so that it seems that attacking a babbler isn’t worth it
They found that the deception works when the group reaches a certain size—essentially, when enough birds arrive to convince the enemy that it’s best to back off . Davis modeled that behavior in software using a military scene and found that it worked even if the group didn’t have the firepower to confront the enemy directly.
The military is interested in this because a robot that can fool an opponent is a valuable tool. It could lead an enemy down a fake trail or make itself look more dangerous than it actually is.
【小题1】Why does the military want to take advantage of squirrels’trick?
| A．It can reduce the use of firepower to confront the enemy. |
| B．It can fool the enemy into believing it is more dangerous. |
| C．It can lead the enemy in a wrong direction to avoid losing resources. |
| D．It can scare the enemy away who wants to destroy the acorns. |
| A．One bird makes an alarm call and other birds will join it |
| B．They fight the enemy bravely face to face. |
| C．They make noises and flaps around the predator. |
| D．They force the predator aware that it isn't worthwhile to attack. |
| A．Animals' behaviors are researched to be applied to the study of military robots. |
| B．Robots, fooling tricks are applied to the study of animals’behaviors. |
| C．Birds and squirrels are the animals that are good at deception. |
| D．Researchers are interested m animals’military-related behaviors. |
For 40 years, the people of London have been happy to discover in their parks a bird that seems to have made its way from the Himalayas to the capital of England. With its shocking green body, red mouth, long tail and noisy screech(尖叫), the rose-ringed parakeet (长尾小鹦鹉) brought a vivid colour to parks in and around London.
However, the parakeets are no longer welcome. The government has suddenly woken up to the fact that there are many more parakeets in and around London making life harder for the local bird population. Government experts put the number of parakeets at around 30,000. They fear that if the number of parakeets keeps rising, these birds will push out local birds like wood-peckers, starlings and nuthatches from trees to build their own nests.
Not only that. According to an online report by The Independent, the parakeets will then also get control of most of the food available in the parks — seeds, berries, fruit and nuts. The local bird population will then have a hard time staying alive. An organization called the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) has asked the government to investigate (调查) what kind of a threat the parakeet brings to local birds. If the government decides that these birds are indeed a threat to local birds, steps will be taken to control the number of parakeets.
The most surprising thing about the case of the rose-ringed parakeet is that no one quite knows how the parakeets came from India and started breeding (繁殖) in areas around London.
【小题1】Parakeets are no longer welcome mainly because ______.
| A．the local birds are being driven out |
| B．the government doesn’t like the birds |
| C．they are a threat to people’s health |
| D．people have a great fear of this kind of birds |
| A．the parakeets’ future threat is impossible |
| B．the number of the parakeets is around 3,000 |
| C．the parakeets should fly back to the Himalayas |
| D．the local birds won’t have enough food |
| A．where the parakeets live |
| B．how the parakeets breed |
| C．how they flew to London |
| D．when they started living in London |
| A．Help the parakeets | B．Pretty birds have trouble |
| C．Birds invade London | D．Pretty birds |