D

Older couples in a bad marriage -- particularly female spouses -- have a higher risk for heart

disease than those in a good marriage, finds the first nationally representative study of its kind.The findings suggest the need for marriage counseling(咨询) and programs aimed at promoting marital quality and well-being for couples into their 70s and 80s, said lead investigator Hui Liu, a Michigan State University sociologist.

"Marriage counseling is focused largely on younger couples," said Liu. "But these results show that marital quality is just as important at older ages, even when the couple has been married 40 0r 50 years. "

The study, funded by the National Institute of Aging, an arm of the National Institutes of Health,is published online in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior.

Liu analyzed five years of data from about 1,200 married men and women who participated the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project. Respondents were aged 57-85 at the beginning of the study.

The project included survey questions about marital quality, lab tests and self-reported measures of cardiovascular health such as heart attacks, strokes, hypertension and high levels of C-reactive protein in the blood.

Liu set out to learn how marital quality is related to risk of heart disease over time, and whether this relationship varies by gender and/or age. Among her findings: Negative martial quality(eg.spouse criticizes, spouse is demanding) has a bigger effect on heart health than positive marital quality.In other words, a bad marriage is more harmful to your heart health than a good marriage.The effect of marital quality on cardiovascular risk becomes much stronger at older ages.Meanwhile,marital quality has a bigger effect on women's heart health than it does on men's, possibly because women tend to internalize(使藏在心底) negative feelings and thus are more likely to feel depressed and develop cardiovascular problems. Heart disease leads to a decline in marital quality for women, but not for men. It's common that wives are more likely to provide support and care to sick husbands, while husbands are less likely to take care of sick wives."In this way, a wife's poor health may affect how she assesses her marital quality, but a husband's poor health doesn't hurt his

view of marriage,"Liu said.

1.The study suggests that

A.elderly couples are less likely to be affected by marital quality

B.the effect of marital quality on male and female is the same

C.bad martial quality affects heart health more greatly

D.marital quality has a positive effect on health

2.We can infer from the the last paragraph that Liu agrees that

A.marital quality has nothing to do with cardiovascular health

B.gender or age may affect one's marriage quality

C.marriage counseling is unnecessary for young couples

D.husbands will not take care of their sick wives

3.Why does marital quality have a bigger effect on women?

A.Because women are weak physically.

B.Because women have to take care of their sick husband.

C.Because women tend to keep their negative feelings to themselves.

D.Because women expect too much oftheir marriage.

4.According to the passage, who is most likefy to have a heart disease?

A.Marie, 40 years old,just got divorced.

B.Bill, 66 years old, lives with his wife and grandchildren.

C.Justin, 28 years old, got married recently.

D.Sophia, 59 years old, often quarrels with her husband.

A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children. Although rather shocking, it should not surprise anyone who has seen the doggy parlors(客厅) where loved pets rest. Are Americans unique in treating their little friends in this way? No, the English, too, pay more attention to their pets.

This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain more vitamins than human food. They certainly cost much. Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, to say nothing of veterinary bills or animal furniture. It is difficult not to feel angry about this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, so it is not unusual for me to get hot under collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog instead of his children.

There are a variety of reasons why I find pets-raising alarming. They cause physical problems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too. It is the threat of rabies — a disease with no known cure.

Another problem is the carelessness of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the "sweet little thing" has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on "Rover" or "Bonzo". Then they just abandon it. As a result, they are allowed to run free. English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someone's pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own.

Lastly, I would only suggest that we have got our priorities wrong and that something should be done about it. In my view, it's time we stopped being sentimental about pets. I can see no reason why we should get upset when animals are cut up for medical experiments. This will lead us to discovering cures for serious human diseases, then I say, “keep cutting!”

1.The doggy parlors are mentioned in the 1st paragraph to show ________.

A. where Americans keep their pets

B. what costly lives the pets are living

C. why children love their pets so much

D. how much pets depend on their masters

2.In the second paragraph "to get hot under the collar" probably means ________.

A. getting quite hot B. feeling overwhelmingly angry

C. becoming excited D. receiving a fashionable shirt

3.According to the author, in which field can animals be most useful?

A. Pet. B. Food. C. Medicine. D. Sports.

4.What is author’s attitude towards pets-raising?

A. Pitiful. B. Neutral. C. Opposed. D. Supportive.

阅读填空

I used to be the messiest person alive. Over the years, through watching others and by trial and error, I have finally found ways to come up with plans, organize them and follow through with them.

Make an outline of everything you need to have and do to make your plan happen. Make a list of all of the steps that need to be accomplished and think about what needs to be done.

Detail everything thoroughly and read over it so you can start coming up with some mental solutions of how to carry out your plans.

You should ensure that if for some reason way one doesn't work, you have way two and way three to lean back on. Therefore, different ways are needed at hand. It's just a matter of being organized. Chances are that there is always more than one way of doing things, and chances are that if one of those waysdoesn't work,one of the others will.

Committing yourself to finishing at least part ifnot all of your plan at once is also necessary. It willshow that you not only have initiative to get thingsrolling, but that you are interested in the resultsobtained with making the move to get everythingdone.

If you make a commitment to finish before aspecific time, make sure that you carry that out, andbe sure to do everything in the way you said youwould, within the time-frame you set for yourself.

Don't try to tackle (处理) more things all at atime. All that does is delay your progress, distract youand make you lose your interest, motivation andenergy.

Carrying out an effective plan requires being as organized as possible. You will only achieve this bysticking to the order of the plan and not deviating ortrying to do more at a time.

Last but not the least, you should never abandon things mid-project. It will only annoy everyonearound you including yourself. Unfinished plans are awaste of time, energy and, in some cases,evenmoney.

So,don't be afraid of organization. The older weget,the more necessary it becomes to have the skills to follow through with confidence and to be able tocarry through plans in an organized and manageable way. It pays to be organized, after all.

Title: Tips on how to be __1.__ in your life

Tips

Details

__2._

__3.__ down your plan

List everything you need

List __4.__ you will follow

To make your plan happen

Prepare three __5.__ ways to carry out your plan

To __6.__ that you can have some other choices when one way doesn’t work

__7.__ to finish at least part of your plan if not all

Do everything __8.__ your own time-frame

To show yourself you are determined to get things stared and caring about the results

Do one thing at once

Stick to the order of you plan

To save your interest, motivation and energy

Finish what you have started

To get your plan __9.__ out thoroughly

__10.__

You shouldn’t be afraid of organization because it’s really worthwhile.

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网