Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems — both legal and educational — for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.

Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.

One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets.

Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.

1.It is implied in the first paragraph that ____.

A. there is a serious shortage of academic facilities.

B. homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education.

C. the writer himself is homeless, even in his eighties.

D. many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 cities.

2.The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _____.

A. 440,000    B. 110,000   C. 350,000 D. 1,500,000

3.One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be ____.

A. the homeless children usually stay outside school.

B. some homeless children are deserted by their families.

C. the homeless children are too young to be counted as children.

D. the homeless population is growing rapidly.

4.The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that ___.

A. the address of grade-school children should be located.

B. all homeless people are entitled to free education.

C. the educational problems of homeless children are being recognized.

D. the estimates on homeless children are hard to determine.

5.The passage mainly deals with ____.

A. the social status of older males.

B. estimates on the homeless population.

C. the legal problems of the homeless children.

  D. the educational problems of homeless children.

 

SHANGHAI:China’s economic center will replace London as the world’s second-largest economic center after New York in 10 years,according to a recent survey conducted by 1aw firm Eversheds.

        The survey,which interviewed 600 senior business decision-makers in the cities of London,Mumbai,New York,Shanghai and the United Arab Emirates,showed that London was facing a challenge(挑战)from Shanghai in terms of its economic role in the world.

    Most of them said New York would continue to hold the top position as the most important economic center.

    According to London-based Eversheds,91 percent of senior businesspeople in Shanghai are confident of their economic future over the next 12 months,mainly based on signs of growth in business,while in London only 22 percent are confident,the lowest figure among the five cities.

    The report showed that 87 percent of business leaders across the world said the crisis (危机)has changed the structure(结构)of the world economy,and the established economic centers of the West face a growing challenge from the new economies of the East.

    China, ahead of the US and Europe,has had signs of a recovery from the economic crisis.In March the Chinese government decided to try to turn Shanghai into an

international economic center by the end of 2020.

    “There's little doubt that Shanghai would become a world's important economic center within the next decade if the Chinese economy will become No 1 or No 2 in the world and because of the growing value of the yuan,said Hubert Tse,managing director and head

of international business at law firm Yuan Tat.

      Shanghai’s becoming a world’s economic center is affected by when the yuan can be exchanged freely and whether effective laws would be put in place, Tse said.

1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

      A.Businessmen in London are least confident of their economic future among the five cities surveyed.

      B.The economic development of the established economic centers of the West has slowed down due to the crisis.

    C.Chinese economy will surely become No 1 in the world by the end of 2020.

    D.China has shown signs of recovery from crisis earlier than the US and Europe.

2.All the following will make Shanghai a world's economic center except         

      A.Chinese early economic recovery from crisis.

      B.The growing value and free exchange of the yuan.

      C.Effective laws to be made.

      D.Businessmen's confidence in Shanghai.

3.What does the passage mainly deal with?

      A.People are confident in Chinese economy.

      B.Shanghai will become the second-largest economic center instead of London.

      C.New York remains to be the most important economic center.

      D.The structure of the world economy has been changed completely.

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