Women who want to succeed at work should resist the temptation to act like men, scientists have said. Studies show that ambitious women are often less likely to get ahead than those who show more fema 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

Women who want to succeed at work should resist the temptation to act like men, scientists have said. Studies show that ambitious women are often less likely to get ahead than those who show more female characteristics. However, if they try to adapt, promotion comes their way. The findings, which will let assertive (过分自信的) women down, suggest that the best way for a woman to succeed in a man’s world is to act like a lady.
Past research has shown that women with self-confidence and other characteristics linked with successful management can be put aside at work in favor of gentle types. It is thought that while such characteristics are highly praised in men, ambitious women are penalized for not being feminine enough. Instead of being seen as strong managers, ambitious women are in an unfavorable situation.
In one US study, researchers explored personal details from university students applying for a summer job at a bank. A women applicant who attempted to apply for special wages to pay her transport or living costs was three and a half times less likely to get a job offer than a similar male. In fact, this kind of woman was the least likely to get taken on.
The latest study set out to explore what women who are naturally assertive could do to get ahead in the workplace. Eighty young men and women completed surveys about their personality while studying in college. Around eight years later, the researchers got back in touch with them to find out how their careers were going. Some had been promoted five times, others just once or twice. The results showed that ambitious women who stick to their decisions had been promoted less than more feminine groups. But the ambitious women who made a conscious effort to not appear to be threatening by “self-controlling” their behavior had done better than those who had carried on ignoring others’ views.
【小题1】 What does the underlined word “penalized” mean in the second paragraph?

A．Treated badly	B．Asked to leave
C．Looked down upon	D．Made sb. have a disadvantage

【小题2】According to the passage, if an ambitious woman and a similar man both ask the company for an extra payment, ______.

A．the woman is less likely to be accepted

B．the woman will work harder if she gets the payment

C．the man can make a good impression on the boss

D．they can be both accepted if they use proper words

【小题3】The ambitious women in the latest study ______.

A．had been promoted only once or twice

B．tried hard to be as successful as gentle types

C．were more accepted at work after they controlled their behavior

D．filled in the surveys after they graduated from college

【小题4】What can we learn from the passage?

A．Successful management is highly praised in women.

B．Some women will be disappointed by the massage.

C．Men acting like a lady are likely to be promoted at work.

D．The latest study was aimed at how to become a successful boss.

【小题5】What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．How assertive women can control their behavior.

B．Feminists can do better by controlling their behavior.

C．Acting like a man won’t get women promoted at work.

D．How the ambitious women can avoid acting like men.

【小题1】D
【小题1】A
【小题1】C
【小题1】B
【小题1】C

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Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable jobs. Personal advisors give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants (被告). But in the executive（主管的）circle, beauty can become a disadvantage.

While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were considered having more honesty than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to lead to their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less honesty than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.

All unattractive women executives were thought to have more honesty and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was connected more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.

Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman considered to be more feminine (女性的) has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally manly position appears to lack the “manly” qualities required.

This is true even in politics. “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,” says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduates to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. Then the students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.

The results showed that attractive males completely defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably (无例外地) received the fewest votes.

In traditioally female jobs, attractiveness ______.

A. adds to thne female qualities required

B. makes women look more honest and capable

C. is of primary importance to women

D. often enables women to succeed quickly

Bowman’s experiment shows that when it comes to politics, attractiveness ______.

A. turns out to be a disadvantage to men

B. is more of a disadvantage than an advantage to women

C. has as little effect on men as on women

D. affects men and women alike

The author writes this passage to ______.

A. emphasize the importance of appearance

B. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive

C. demand equal rights for women

D. discuss the negative aspects of being attractive

November not only marks the publication of Toni Morrison’s eagerly anticipated(期待) eighth novel, Love, but it is also the tenth anniversary of her Nobel Prize for Literature. Morrison is the first black woman to receive a Nobel, and so honored before her in literature are only two black men:Wole Soyinka, the Nigerian playwright, poet and novelist, in 1986; and Derek Walcott, the Caribbean-born poet, in 1992. But Morrison is also the first and only American-born Nobel prizewinner for literature since 1962, the year novelist John Steinbeck received the award.

Like Song of Solomon, Love is a multigenerational story, revealing the personal and communal legacy() of an outstanding black family. As Morrison scholars will tell you, Love is the third volume of a literary master’s trilogy(三部曲)investigating the many complexities of love. This trilogy began with Beloved(1988), which deals with a black mother’s love under slavery and in freedom. Jazzy(1993), the second volume, tells a story of romantic love in 1920s Harlem. This latest novel looks back from the 1970s to the 1940s and 50s.

The emotional center of Love is Bill Cosey, the former owner and host of the shabby Cosey’s Hotel and Resort in Silk, North Carolina, described in the novel as “the best and best-known vacation sport for colored folk on the East Coast.” We get to know Cosey through the memories of five women who survive and love him: his granddaughter, his widow, two former employees, and a homeless young girl.

The latest novel, Love, had been described in the promotional material from her publisher as “Morrison’s most accessible work since Song of Solomon.” This comparison to her third novel, published in 1977, was an effective selling point.

61. What would be the best title for the text?

A. Toni Morrison’s latest novels

B. Toni Morrison and her trilogy

C. Toni Morrison and her novel Love

D. Toni Morrison, the Nobel prizewinner

62. What can we learn about John Steinbeck?

A. He was a black writer.

B. He was born in America.

C. He received the Nobel Prize after Morrison

D. He was the first American novelist to win a Nobel

63. The similarity between Love and Song of Solomon is that they both _____.

A. belong to the same trilogy together with Beloved

B. concern families of more than one generation

C. deal with life of blacks under slavery

D. investigate life in 1920s Harlem

64. The novel Love mainly describes ______.

A. the best-known vacation spot for blacks

B. the life of an outstanding black family under slavery

C. the miserable experience of the five women in Harlem

D. the memories of five women about Bill Cosey

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This is News on the Hour, Ed Wilson reporting.

News One: The president and First Lady will visit Africa on a good will tour in May. They plan to visit eight African countries.

News Two: Reports from China say the Chinese want closer ties between China and the U.S. and Western Europe. A group of top Chinese scientists start its ten-nation tour next month.

News Three: In news about health, scientists in California report findings of a relationship between the drinking of coffee and the increase of heart diseases among women. According to the report in the American Medical Journal, the five-year study shows that: women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than women who do not.

That’s the news of the hour. And now back to more easy listening with Jan Singer.

News on the Hour
	Country	Events	Time
News One	America	A visit to 53	54
News Two	55	A ten-nation tour	56
News Three	America	a 57 between the drinking of coffee and the increase of heart diseases	/

Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who________evening dress.

A．wear

B．wears

C．has worn

D．have worn

Findings from a new study were presented at a recent meeting of the American Psychosomatic(身心的) Society. Researchers in the United States studied 100,000 women during an eight-year period, beginning in 1994. All of the women were fifty or older. The study was part of the Women’s Health Initiative organized by the National Institutes of Health.

The women were asked questions measuring their beliefs or ideas about the future. The researchers attempted to identify each woman’s personality eight years after gathering the information.

The study found that hopeful individuals were 14% less likely than other women to have died from any cause. The hopeful women were also 30% less likely to have died from heart disease after the eight years.

Hilary Tindle from the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania was the lead author of the report. She said the study confirmed earlier research that linked optimistic feelings to longer life.

The researchers also gathered information about people’s education, financial earnings, physical activity and use of alcohol or cigarettes. Independent of those things, the findings still showed that optimists had less of a chance of dying during the eight-year period.

Some women who answered the questions were found to be hostile (怀敌意的), or highly untrusting of others. These women were 16% more likely to die than the others. They also were 23% more likely to die of cancer.

The study also found women who were not optimistic were more likely to smoke and have high blood pressure or diabetes. They were also more likely not to exercise.

Tindle says the study did not confirm whether optimism leads to healthier choices, or if it actually affects a person’s physical health. She also says the study does not prove that negative (消极的) emotions or distrust lead to bad health effects and shorter life. Yet there does appear to be a link that calls for more research.

1. In which part of a newspaper can you read the above passage?

A. Nation B. Opinion C. Science D. Business

2.Researchers carry out the study to ________.

A. decide who is more likely to enjoy a happier life

B. find out the link between personality and health

C. gather information for the National Institutes of Health

D. compare each woman’s personality changes

3.What can be inferred from the text?

A. Negative emotions cause a shorter life indeed.

B. There may be some link between personality and health.

C. It’s uncertain whether optimism affects one’s health.

D. The more optimistic you are, the longer life you may enjoy.

4.Who is more likely to die of cancer according to the text?

A. A woman who always doubts what others say. B. A woman who doesn’t exercise.

C. A woman with high blood pressure. D. A woman with poor physical health.

5. What’s Hilary Tindle’s opinion of the study?

A. Unfair. B. Useless. C. Necessary. D. Reliable.

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