题目内容

We all know that exercise is good for your health. But some kinds of exercise may be better than others. Running, for example, may help to protect you 1. heart disease and other health problems. Running also may help you live 2. (long).

Recently, researchers studied more than 55,000 adults. About one fourth of the adults reported running 3. (regular). The study found these runners were considerably less likely than non?runners 4. (die) of any form of disease, including heart disease.

D.C. Lee and the other researchers found that speed, 5. (distant) and how often one runs made little difference in 6. (reduce) the risk of death. The runners in the study averaged between 10 and 16 kilometers per hour. Mr. Lee says slower runners, and those who only ran once 7. twice a week, were helped nearly as much as those who ran faster and further.

The researchers note that their study 8. (base) on the participants’ answering questions over the years. The study lacked complete information on 9. these men and women ate and other facts about their lifestyles.

Researchers say this missing information could have affected the results. Still, they hope their findings will motivate healthy adults to start running down the road to 10. longer life.

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Are you an optimist? Do you look at your glass and see it as half full? Do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that generally things turn out for the best? Do you believe that if something is meant to be, it will be? If you reply “yes” to all of these questions, then you are an optimist. You probably are enthusiastic, cheerful and outgoing. You may well be successful at work and in love.

But you may be misguided because things don’t turn out for the best. You may believe that when one door closes another one opens (for example, you may fail to obtain a new job, and another chance will come around soon). Wrong. When one door closes, another door slams in your face. That’s bitter reality.

Now a book has been published which confirms what we pessimists (悲观者) have suspected all along. It’s called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism. Its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results. Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear, anxiety and worry. Defensive pessimists prepare for things by setting low outcomes for themselves. They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems. And this gives them a sense of control. Lawrence Sanno, a psychology professor, says, “What’s interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people, so their low opinion of the situation’s outcomes is not realistic. They use it to motivate themselves to perform better. ”

So far, so good. This is not rocket science. Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong, whether at work, on a date or even in a sports game. It makes sense to have a back-up plan. There are many sayings in English urging caution. For example, “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket,” and “Don’t count your chickens until they hatch.” To have a confident and optimistic approach to life’s problems is good. But listen to what Woody Allen, the American comedian says, “Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.”

There are pros and cons of being an optimist and a pessimist. Don’t feel bad if you see the glass half empty. You are a realist. But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full.

1. The writer would probably describe himself as ________.

A. a realist B. a scientist

C. an optimist D. an artist

2.Defensive pessimists are likely to make use of ________ to help achieve success.

A. the final outcome B. their low opinion

C. people’s motivation D. their performance

3.The underlined sentence “This is not rocket science” in Paragraph 4 means “________”.

A. it is out of the question

B. it is quite simple to understand

C. it is far beyond reach

D. it is not a worthwhile thing to do

4. Which of the following English expressions would a defensive pessimist probably believe?

A. “Every cloud has a silver lining.”

B. “Whatever will be, will be.”

C. “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.”

D. “The glass is half full not half empty.”

1. The Wright Brothers, by David McCullough

Another must-read for history fans, McCullough tells the story of Orville and Wilbur Wright, the brothers who taught the world how to fly. Drawing on all types of historical data — from personal diaries and scrapbooks, to thousands of private letters of family letters — we get a close look at the actual personalities behind one of the most influential moments in history.

2. The Wonder Garden, by Lauren Acampora

This novel is really a collection of several interwoven(交织)stories of people living in the rich Connecticut suburbs. From tales of an elderly artist to a young mother to a woman whose husband just behaves carelessly, The Wonder Garden gives us an unforgettable reminder that there’s often so much we don’t know about what happens with our neighbors behind closed doors.

3. Between You & Me: Confessions of a Comma Queen, by Mary Norris

Does someone mistaking who for whom make your blood boil? Do you want to throw a dictionary at someone for mistaking sit for cite? Enter Between You & Me. Mary Norris brings her experience working in The New Yorker’s copy department to eager grammar fans in this laugh-out-loud book that looks at some of the most common spelling, punctuation, and usage problems in the English language.

4. My Struggle: Book Four, by Karl Ove Knausgaard

My Struggle is a six-volume autobiographical novel that follows the life of Karl Ove Knausgaard, a Norwegian father of three. In Book Four, he writes of his decision at the age of 18 to move to a fisherman’s village in the far north of the Arctic circle to work as a school teacher. It’s there that he struggles with love, alcoholism, and becoming loved by one of his students.

1. What does the book The Wright brothers focus on?

A. Invention of airplanes.

B. Nature of the characters.

C. History of airplanes.

D. Ordinary life of the characters.

2.Who describes his or her real life experiences in the novel?

A. David McCullough.

B. Lauren Acampora.

C. Karl Ove Knausgaard.

D. Mary Norris.

3.Which of the following books might make you burst into laughter?

A. My Struggle. B. The Wonder Garden.

C. The Wright brothers. D. Between You & Me.

iPad vs textbooks

What if you could have your whole backpack at the touch of your fingertips? In the first month of the Apple iPads release, 25million were sold! People all over the world use iPads for all sorts of different things, but one of their finest qualities is the ability to be a textbook. __1.____

To begin with, iPad are less expensive. Textbooks become outdated and schools have to buy new books, but with an iPad schools can update them for free. _2.___ Schools don’t have to spend $500 every year for iPads because they last a while and can be updated.

___3.__ Students usually have multiple classes, which results in multiple textbooks. Heavy backpacks filled with books can cause back problem. A solution to that is an iPad, which only weighs 1.33 pounds and can hold all of a student’s textbooks.

Thirdly, schools should get rid of their textbooks and get iPads because they have more capabilities. Some might think all of the apps are distracting, but the apps actually make iPads more efficient. 4. _ Textbooks cannot do those tasks, but iPads can easily do them with just a tap of the fingertip.

Lastly, iPads are a better choice for schools instead of textbooks because these devices allow students to access their learning anywhere at any time. _5.__ With iPads, they find it easier to get their homework done.

In conclusion, schools should get rid of their clumsy textbooks and switch to iPads. iPads have allowed this generation to have their entire backpack in the palm of their hands.

A. These tablets are perfect for busy students.

B. Secondly, iPads cost less and are more popular.

C. Therefore, they can use the saved money for other programs.

D. iPads have already replaced textbooks in over 600 American counties.

E. Moreover, in high school, textbooks have an average of 4.8 pounds each.

F. Schools have every reason to do away with their school books and switch to iPads.

G. iPads absorb the need to buy calculators, dictionaries, and other items that are found within the device.

阅读下面的短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

While I was waiting in line at a coffee shop earlier, a woman drove alongside the queue in a mobility scooter (小轮摩托车). There was only a ________ space between the line of people and the tables, which she ________ to drive along. She drove over my foot and didn’t ________, saying nothing at all.

I got annoyed and expected she would have ________, but then I just decided to ________ it and got down to selecting which pastry (点心) to go with my coffee. The lady and I ended up sitting at adjacent (邻近的) tables. She was on the end of a row so that she could park her ________. After about half an hour, when she had ________ her coffee, she got up and back onto her scooter. It ________ start. She tried to turn the key several times ________ she telephoned the place she purchased it from.

An engineer ________ within 5 minutes. The place must have been a local place. I couldn’t ________ overhearing their conversation, and it turned out that she had just ________ the scooter that morning. This was her very first outing in it. She felt really ________ about driving it. ________, she wasn’t used to its speed, nor its ________, and this combination made it quite ________ to drive it through narrow gaps.

Suddenly, I felt ________ for the lady. It really didn’t ________ me at all that she’d driven over my foot. I had made an assumption, ________, that a person doing that should apologize.

Next time you’re about to ________ someone, pause for a second and remind yourself that people have judged you without knowing what was going on in your mind or your life.

1.A. privateB. vastC. publicD. narrow

2.A. attemptedB. promisedC. declinedD. guaranteed

3.A. call backB. give upC. look backD. cheer up

4.A. ignoredB. apologizedC. explainedD. forgiven

5.A. dismissedB. madeC. deservedD. inspected

6.A. truckB. bikeC. carD. scooter

7.A. pouredB. finishedC. orderedD. purchased

8.A. needn’tB. shouldn’tC. wouldn’tD. mustn’t

9.A. soB. untilC. unlessD. before

10.A. broke inB. turned upC. ran awayD. settled down

11.A. tolerateB. allowC. resistD. postpone

12.A. collectedB. stolenC. producedD. abandoned

13.A. comfortableB. excitedC. confidentD. nervous

14.A. DoubtfullyB. CertainlyC. FortunatelyD. Surprisingly

15.A. widthB. lengthC. weightD. height

16.A. coolB. convenientC. stressfulD. desperate

17.A. pleasureB. regretC. appreciationD. sympathy

18.A. strikeB. botherC. satisfyD. motivate

19.A. otherwiseB. thereforeC. howeverD. besides

20.A. judgeB. hugC. persuadeD. tease

We know the famous ones — the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells — but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)? Shouldn’t we know who they are?

Joan Mclean think so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions. According to Mclean, “When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”

Her students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of Mclean’ statement. “If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’s invention,” said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major, “I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.” Lee is currently negociating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.

So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.

Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?

1.By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”, the author indicates that countless inventions are ________.

A. beneficial, because their inventors are famous

B. beneficial, though their inventors are less famous

C. not useful, because their inventors are less famous

D. not useful, though their inventors are famous

2.Professor Joan Mclean’s course aims to ________.

A. add colour and variety to students’ campus life

B. inform students of the windshield wiper’s invention

C. carry out the requirements by Mountain University

D. prepare students to try their own invention

3.Tommy Lee’s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was ________.

A. not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer

B. inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper

C. due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm

D. not related to Professor Joan McLean’s lectures

4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?

A. How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?

B. How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?

C. Shouldn’t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?

D. Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?

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