There are distinctions between reading for informa?tion and reading for understanding. 9  

The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. 10 Such ma?terials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don't have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was equal to them before we started. Otherwise we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.

The second sense is the one in which we read some?thing that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can increase the reader's understanding.

11 Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here "learning" means understanding more, not remembering more information.

What are the conditions in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. 12 Besides, his book must convey something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to reach the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is approached, suc?cess of communication is achieved.

13 It is the least demanding and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or informa?tion can probably be read for entertainment as well.

A.    Thus, we can employ the word "reading" in two distinct senses.

B.    Such communication between the unequals must be possible.

C.    We can get access to the content of those materials easily.

D.    The writer must be "superior" to the reader in un?derstanding.

E.    The writer should have a better communicating skill.

F.    Besides gaining information and understanding, there's another goal of reading―entertainment.

G.    Reading for entertainment is capable of increasing our understanding for information.

Chinese characters help improve IQ Chinese characters may be the reason why local children aged between 6 and 12 display a higher IQ than their peers in Britain, Germany and Australia.

The pictographic nature of the Chinese writing sys?tem helps to inspire the thinking ability of children. Their intelligence develops better while they learn the characters. 9 

I am a retired Chinese-language teacher from Malaysia. From my experiences, I have long noticed that Chinese-medium-educated students always excel in mathematics as compared with those taught in other lan?guages. 10 The words for numerals are all monosyllabic(单音节的)in Chinese. In contrast, their equivalents(对应词)in Malay have two or three syllables, like sa-tu, du a, ti-ga, em-pat, li-ma, e-nam. 11 Their English equivalents-- one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine ten, hundred, thousand, mil?lion―include multi-syllabic words, too.

12 Children easily find that it is in the Chinese language that they can do the job fastest. Children taught in Chinese find it easier to learn numerals and can do their calculations much faster. This has been repeatedly proved by reports on Chinese-medium-educated students winning prizes in the International Mathemati?cal Olympiad.

Mathematics has a lot to do with IQ tests, as it is well proved that children good at numbers tend to have a stronger reasoning ability. 13 Teach the children Chinese so that they can think in the language. Keep their cutting edge in mathematics with the aid of Chinese characters, and this will improve their IQ.

A.    The secret lies in the Chinese characters.

B.    They are much quicker at learning languages.

C.    This was discovered by Dr Zeng, assistant professor of psychology at NUS.

D.    The difference between them is striking when it comes to memorizing the multiplication table.

E.    So, I would like to call on Chinese parents to treas?ure the language of our ancestors.

F.    It takes a longer time to pronounce these words.

G.    Therefore, I'm going to teach mathematics if possible.

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