题目内容

　　Albert Einstein (1879～1955) was one of the greatest and most original scientific thinkers of all time.

　　Born of Jewish parents at Ulm in Germany, he completed his education in Switzerland and got his Ph. D at the University of Zurich. He went to live in the United States in 1933 because of the rise of Nazism（纳粹）in Germany and Hitler’s persecution（迫害）of the Jews.

　　In 1905, while still at Zurich, he published his Special Theory of Relativity, which was based on things everyone may have noticed. If two trains are standing alongside each other and one train starts to move, a person sitting in the train may wonder whether his own train is moving or the other is moving, and before he finds out what is happening, he can see that one train is moving relatively to the other. From this and also from other more complicated facts, Einstein came to the conclusion that all motion is relative and that there are really no such things as absolute（绝对）motion. Some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light, and that if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster it would seem to get shorter and shorter as its speed was near the speed of light. By 1915, Einstein had made known his General Theory of Relativity. He also improved on Newton’s theory of gravity. Most of his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange. For his important work he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.

(1) In 1933, Einstein wanted to live in the United States because ________.

A．he loved the USA．more than his own country

B．he had got some friends there with whom he could work together

C．he wanted to live quietly in the USA

D．he could no longer work in Germany when Hitler came into power

(2) Einstein published his Special Theory of Relativity when he was ________.

A．in the United States

B．in Ulm, Germany after he got his Ph．D

C．still in Switzerland at the age of twenty-six

D．still at the University of Zurich at the age of thirty-six

(3) One of the conclusions drawn by Einstein is that ________.

A．places go faster than trains and buses

B．people couldn’t run as fast as vehicles

C．light gobs the fastest of all the things

D．two trains can go in different directions

(4) Einstein added that if something such as a ruler was moving it would seem to get shorter and shorter ________.

A．because the ruler itself was short

B．when it was moving faster and faster

C．because we can’t see it clearly

D．because the ruler was broken into pieces

(5) Einstein was world-famous for his ________.

A．Special Theory of Relativity

B．General Theory of Relativity

C．improving on Newton’s theory of gravity

D．all of the above

答案：D;C;C;B;D
解析：

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阅读理解(Reading Comprehension)

　　Albert Einstein

　　Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on Mar．14, 1879．Einstein's parents moved from Ulm to Munich when Einstein was still a baby．The family business was the manufacture of electrical parts．When the business failed, in 1894, the family moved to Milan, Italy．At this time Einstein decided officially to give up his German citizenship．Within a year, still without having completed secondary school(中学)，Einstein failed an examination that would have allowed him to continue with a course of study leading to a diploma(文凭)as an electrical engineer at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology．He spent the next year in nearby Aarau at a secondary school, where he enjoyed excellent teachers and first-rate facilities(设备)in physics．Einstein returned in 1896 to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, where he graduated, in 1900 as a secondary school teacher of mathematics and physics．

　　After two years he got a post at the Swiss patent(专利)office in Bern．The patent-office work required Einstein's careful attention, but while employed(1902-1909)there, he completed an astonishing range of publications in theoretical physics．For the most part these texts were written in his spare time and without the benefit of close contact(接触)with either the scientific literature or theoretician colleagues．Einstein submitted one of his scientific papers to the University of Zurich for a Ph．D．degree in 1905．In 1908 he sent a second paper to the University of Bern and became a lecturer there．The next year Einstein received a regular appointment as associate professor of physics at the University of Zurich．

　　By 1909, Einstein was recognized throughout German-speaking Europe as a leading scientific thinker

(1)

Which of the following shows the right order of the events that happened to Einstein?

a．graduated from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

b．moved to Milan

c．got a post at the Swiss patent office in Bern

d．worked in the University of Zurich

e．studied at a secondary school in Aarau

f．gave up his German citizenship

[　　]

A．

c, b, a, e, d, f

B．

a, b, f, e, d, c

C．

b, f, e, a, d, e

D．

b, f, e, a, c, d

(2)

The underlined word“manufacturer”most probably means________．

[　　]

A．

the buying and selling of something

B．

the making or producing of something

C．

the repairing of something

D．

the transportation of goods

(3)

How many countries did Einstein stay in before he became successful?

[　　]

A．

2．

B．

3．

C．

4．

D．

5．

(4)

What did Einstein do when he was in the patent office?

[　　]

A．

He paid little attention to his work．

B．

He wrote plenty of scientific works．

C．

He kept close contact with his friends．

D．

He read a lot of physics books．

(5)

Which of the following do you think played the most important role in Einstein's success?

[　　]

A．

His school year in the secondary school in Aarau．

B．

His years in the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology．

C．

His years in the Swiss patent office．

D．

His Ph．D．degree．

完形填空

　　German born theoretical physicist, Albert Einstein became a citizen of Switzerland in 1901, the year he began a temporary position 　　1　　 a mathematics teacher at the Technical High School in Winterthur．The 　　2　　 year he was hired as a technical expert at the patent office in Berne, a position he 　　3　　 until 1909．Einstein completed his doctorate from the University of Zurich in 1905．

　　Working in his spare time Einstein 　　4　　 three remarkable papers in the year 1905．Each was revolutionary．The first paper on the quantum nature of light(photoelectric effect)led to a Nobel prize sixteen years later．His second paper 　　5　　 special relativity made Einstein a household name throughout the world．His third paper provided an explanation for 　　6　　 had been known as Brownian motion, the random and hitherto unexplained rapid movements of very small particles suspended in fluids or in air．Einstein’s explanation provided convincing evidence 　　7　　 the physical existence of atom-sized molecules．

　　After 1905 Einstein 　　8　　 important contributions to quantum theory and sought to extend the special theory of relativity 　　9　　 non-inertial(i．e．accelerating)reference frames．In 1907 Einstein articulated the principle of equivalence．This idea holds that gravitational acceleration is indistinguishable from acceleration 　　10　　 by mechanical forces．

　　In 1909 Einstein became professor of physics at the University of Zurich．He was 　11　　 a full professor 　　12　　 the Karl-Ferdinand University in Prague in 1911．About 1912, Einstein began a new period of his gravitational research by 　　13　　 his work in terms of the tensor calculus of Tullio Levi-Civita and Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro．Einstein 　　14　　 his new work the general theory of relativity．

　　Einstein received 　　15　　 Nobel Prize in 1921 for his 1905 work on the photoelectric effect．A visit 　　16　　 the United States in 1932 was followed by the 　　17　　 of a post at Princeton which he assumed in December 1932．The following month the Nazis 　　18　　 into power in Germany and Einstein was never to return there．At Princeton his work attempted to unify the laws of physics．One week before his death Einstein signed his 　　19　　 letter, a letter to Bertrand Russell in which he agreed that his name should go on a manifesto urging all nations to 　　20　　 nuclear weapons．

(1)
[　　]

A．

as

B．

with

C．

for

D．

to

(2)
[　　]

A．

below

B．

following

C．

last

D．

second

(3)
[　　]

A．

had

B．

held

C．

own

D．

admitted

(4)
[　　]

A．

had

B．

bought

C．

wrote

D．

invented

(5)
[　　]

A．

at

B．

to

C．

on

D．

with

(6)
[　　]

A．

that

B．

what

C．

which

D．

whatever

(7)
[　　]

A．

with

B．

as

C．

for

D．

about

(8)
[　　]

A．

made

B．

had

C．

held

D．

gave

(9)
[　　]

A．

in

B．

to

C．

with

D．

for

(10)
[　　]

A．

cause

B．

causing

C．

caused

D．

to cause

(11)
[　　]

A．

realized

B．

appointed

C．

admitted

D．

designed

(12)
[　　]

A．

in

B．

with

C．

over

D．

at

(13)
[　　]

A．

express

B．

expressed

C．

to express

D．

expressing

(14)
[　　]

A．

call

B．

calling

C．

called

D．

calls

(15)
[　　]

A．

the

B．

a

C．

an

D．

/

(16)
[　　]

A．

for

B．

to

C．

with

D．

at

(17)
[　　]

A．

offer

B．

offering

C．

supply

D．

supplying

(18)
[　　]

A．

come

B．

came

C．

go

D．

went

(19)
[　　]

A．

last

B．

first

C．

second

D．

every

(20)
[　　]

A．

give in

B．

give up

C．

giving in

D．

giving up

阅读理解

　　A single letter written by Albert Einstein was sold for more than ＄400,000．But could an e-mail printout or an electronic file reach similar heights?That's the question facing those who deal in the literary artifacts(人工制品)of public figures, as they struggle to work out how to do business in the electronic world where information can be copied and spread out more easily than ever before．

　　“Booksellers, collectors and libraries are already trading in digital objects,”Joan Winterkorn, a researcher told people．When Emory University Library bought author Salman Rushdie's archives(档案)in 2006, it received a desktop computer, three laptops, a hard drive and a smart phone along with his paper files．And the writer John Updike, who died last month, started using computers in the 1980s, Winterkorn pointed out, so his“papers”will include a big store of electronic documents．

　　So far, however, digital archives have been traded as just a small part of a larger, mainly paper-based archive．Indeed, no one is quite sure how much the digital documents of a historical figure are worth．

　　“I don't feel the same way about the printout of an e-mail as I do a letter,”said Gabriel Heaton, a literary manuscript specialist, adding that more tangible(有形的)digital objects were easier for auctioneers(拍卖商)to price and sell．“What about a laptop?For example, the one used by J．K．Rowling to write Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in an Edinburgh café has real value,”he said．“Because she used it．”Even if the hard drive had been cloned by a library, the artifact would still be valuable．

　　Gordon Bell, from Microsoft Research, suggested that prices will actually fall to almost nothing．“Once it's been copied and spread out, the value is gone．It's just a piece of memory．”

(1)

What is the purpose of the example mentioned in Paragraph 1?

[　　]

A．

To introduce the topic of the passage．

B．

To show that some written letters are of great value．

C．

To get readers interested in electronic documents．

D．

To tell us to pay attention to public figures' artifacts．

(2)

According to the text, the trade in digital archives ________．

[　　]

A．

has been well developed

B．

is still in its early stage

C．

is enjoying a period of prosperity(繁荣)

D．

is developing very rapidly

(3)

The underlined part in Paragraph 4 implies that ________．

[　　]

A．

the printout of an e-mail has no value to keep

B．

the auctioneers like to sell tangible digital objects

C．

the printout of an e-mail is difficult to price

D．

Gabriel Heaton likes to keep famous letters

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　One warm May day, two eighteen–year–old students from San Francisco State College decided to cool off with a swim at Bakers’ Beach．The two students were named Robert Kogler and Shirley O’Neill．They headed out to sea for a distance of 50 metres．Robert was in front．

　　“Suddenly, I heard him scream,” Shirley recalls．“I looked round and saw this great grey thing going up in the air．The water seemed to be alive．”

　　Robert screamed again．“It's a shark! Get out of here!”

　　An eye–witness, Army Sergeant Leo P．Day was on guard at the nearby army post．He saw exactly what happened next．“I could see this boy struggling with the shark in the water,” he said．“The sea was red with blood．He was shouting and signalling someone to go back, go back．Then I saw the girl．She was swimming towards him．She completely ignored his warning．”

　　Shirley reached Robert, and tried to take his hand．

　　“When I pulled, all I could see was his arm, handing by a thread,” she said．

　　So she put her arm about Robert's back, and started to swim towards the shore．She kept praying “Don't’ let it attack again!” That journey to the shore seemed to last for hours．At last, as they neared the shore, a fisherman threw them a line, and pulled them both the rest of the way．

　　The young man had lost a lot of blood, and died two and a half hours later, From the teeth marks, experts identified the attacker as a Great White Shark．

　　For what Sergeant Day called “the greatest exhibition of bravery I have ever seen,” the President of the US gave Shirley a medal for bravery．

(1)

When Albert was attacked by a shark Shirley________．

[　　]

A．

was swimming in the sea

B．

was watching him on the shore

C．

was on guard at the nearby army post

D．

was shouting and struggling with a shark, too

(2)

Choose the right time order of the following events in the story．

a．Army Sergeant saw the girl swimming to the boy．

b．Shirley saw a great grey thing．

c．They headed out to sea．

d．Robert died．

e．A fisherman threw them a line．

f．He saw a boy struggling with a shark．

[　　]

A．

b, c, e, d, f, a

B．

c, a, f, d, e, b

C．

b, c, f, a, d, e

D．

c, b, f, a, e, d

(3)

We can learn from the passage that ________．

[　　]

A．

the two students were brave and considerate

B．

the fisherman was adventurous and helpful

C．

the experts didn't do much research on sharks

D．

the Sergeant cared too much about his own life

　 One warm May day, two eighteen – year – old students from San Francisco State College decided to cool off with a swim at Bakers’ Beach． The two students were named Robert Kogler and Shirley O’Neill． They headed out to sea for a distance of 50 metres． Robert was in front．

　 “Suddenly, I heard him scream,” Shirley recalls． “I looked round and saw this great grey thing going up in the air． The water seemed to be alive．”

　 Robert screamed again． “It’s a shark! Get out of here!”

　 An eye – witness, Army Sergeant Leo P． Day was on guard at the nearby army post． He saw exactly what happened next． “I could see this boy struggling with the shark in the water,” he said． “The sea was red with blood． He was shouting and signalling someone to go back, go back． Then I saw the girl． She was swimming towards him． She completely ignored his warning．”

　 Shirley reached Robert, and tried to take his hand．

　 “When I pulled, all I could see was his arm, handing by a thread,” she said．

　 So she put her arm about Robert’s back, and started to swim towards the shore． She kept praying “Don't’ let it attack again!” That journey to the shore seemed to last for hours． At last, as they neared the shore, a fisherman threw them a line, and pulled them both the rest of the way．

　 The young man had lost a lot of blood, and died two and a half hours later, From the teeth marks, experts identified the attacker as a Great White Shark．

　 For what Sergeant Day called “the greatest exhibition of bravery I have ever seen,” the President of the US gave Shirley a medal for bravery．

1．When Albert was attacked by a shark Shirley　　　　 ．

　 A．was swimming in the sea

　 B．was watching him on the shore

　 C．was on guard at the nearby army post

　 D．was shouting and struggling with a shark, too

2．Choose the right time order of the following events in the story．

　 a． Army Sergeant saw the girl swimming to the boy．

　 b． Shirley saw a great grey thing．

　 c． They headed out to sea．

　 d． Robert died．

　 e． A fisherman threw them a line．

　 f． He saw a boy struggling with a shark．

　 A．b,c,e,d,f,a　 B．c,a,f,d,e,b　 C．b,c,f,a,d,e　 D．c,b,f,a,e, d

3．We can learn from the passage that　　　　 ．

　 A．the two students were brave and considerate

　 B．the fisherman was adventurous and helpful

　 C．the experts didn’t do much research on sharks

　 D．the Sergeant cared too much about his own life

 

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