题目内容
The flu is believed _______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. be have caused
There is a joke among flu researchers: “If you've seen one flu season, you've seen one flu season.” The joke is about the unpredictable nature of the flu virus. Every year it looks different, and every strain (类型) follows its own pattern — it's the reason why new strains like H1N1 are extremely difficult to predict.
Dr. Michael Osterholm is a former adviser to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. “I know less about influenza today than I did 10 years ago,” he says in a joking way. “Every stone we've turned over, we get more questions.”
The flu rectums every season and the world experiences terrible pandemics (全国或全世界范围流行的疾病), but researchers still do not understand why some strains infect people and others do not; they are not entirely sure about how the flu is transmitted; nor do they understand why some patients become seriously ill while others develop mild symptoms (症状). As a result, when a new strain shows up — like H1N1 — they often have little information to fall back on, and the lessons of previous pandemics are only somewhat helpful. While researchers are still putting together a complete picture of H1N1, for example, its most striking difference with the seasonal flu is that the elder1y are not the most vulnerable (易受攻击的) population.
Influenza's unpredictable nature makes it a moving target for researchers, says researcher Allison Aiello at the University of Michigan. “Even if we had complete seasonal flu data from the past, it wouldn't be much helpful for a new strain of influenza,” she explains.
Whi1e researchers are frustrated by the holes in their knowledge, they say, however, that the pub1ic--health community is generally doing a very good job responding to H1N1 with seasonal flu data that do exist. Studying influenza, says Osterholm, is “like looking through the windows of a house you can't get into because the door is locked.” Gathering the data researchers do have is like “looking through the windows to get a pretty good picture of what the inside looks like.”
One thing researchers do know for sure: the best way for people to protect against H1N1 is to get the vaccine once it becomes available to them.
【小题1】What do we learn about H1N1 from the passage?
| A．In fact it is not a kind of influenza virus. |
| B．It is quite possible to predict it in theory. |
| C．Old people are more likely to contract it than kids. |
| D．Receiving vaccines will be effective to protect against it. |
| A．rely on | B．pass on | C．col1ect | D．exchange |
| A．It is useless to study them. |
| B．It is still necessary to study them. |
| C．They are misleading most of the time. |
| D．They are much more helpful than expected. |
| A．Outbreaks of the flu | B．Symptoms of the flu |
| C．Mysteries of the flu | D．Risks of the flu |
With winter fast approaching, flu season is here. People can easily catch the flu bug and they try to fight it with western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine or some homemade secret recipes. Yet some of these strategies are ineffective or even harmful, the best way to counter the flu is to protect us from contracting（感染）it. So here are some good habits to protect people from contracting flu from the very beginning.
●During the day, keep the bedroom window open to let fresh air in．
●Wash your face with cold water in the morning and wash your feet with hot water in the evening. This practice can help boost blood circulation and improve the body's resistance.
●Do some exercises in the morning. such as jogging or shadowboxing（太极拳)for 10 minutes.
●Rinse(漱) your mouth with salt water or tea every morning and every evening. This can help kill flu bacteria, clear phlegm(痰）and keep the mouth fresh.
●Wear more clothes when it's cold and take some off when it's warm
●Get a bottle of vinegar or Chinese white wine at hand and smell it now and then. Their pungent smell can help people get refreshed and improve their body's resistance.
● Drink two kinds of beverages（饮料）before going to bed, which can help people stay away from the flu: soup made of radish（萝卜）and vinegar, and tea made of fresh ginger（生姜）．
●Close the doors and windows and put a pot of boiling vinegar in the room Vinegar steam is a good way to kill flu bacteria in the air.
【小题1】 Some people like washing their face with cold water in the morning and washing their feet with hot water in the evening perhaps because______．
| A．they want to make themselves handsome or pretty |
| B．they know it is the best way to kill flu bacteria |
| C．they think it can strengthen blood circulation and improve their resistance |
| D．they have developed the good habit of living |
| A．take western medicine or traditional Chinese medicine |
| B．avoid getting it at the very beginning |
| C．use some homemade secret recipes |
| D．drink two kinds of beverages before going to bed in winter |
| A．Eight habits to keep the flu away | B．The cause of contracting the flu |
| C．Winter and flu | D．How to cure the flu |
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（共5小题，满分10分）
Ten ways to Avoid the Flu
l Get a flu shot, particularly if you are 50 or over． In addition, consider a flu shot if you are in regular contact with many people, especially if you live in a dormitory or work in an open-plan office, where hundreds of people are coughing and sneezing in a common area．
l _1. One recent study found that families whose children in daycare were immunized had 42% fewer infections with fever than those whose children weren’t immunized．
l Wash your hands frequently and thoroughly． A quick washing won’t do the trick． _2.
l Keep your hands away from your face to reduce the chance of delivering viruses directly to your eyes or nose． _3.
l Make certain you’re getting vitamin E and other complex vitamins and minerals including A, C and B． These have properties（特性）that improve immune response． _4.
l Don’t smoke． Smoke stops the hair like cells in the nose and airways from sweeping incoming viruses away before they can infect people．
l Use paper handkerchiefs, not cloth handkerchiefs to reduce spread of infection．
l Reduce stress． Research has shown that immune responses are weakened by stress．
l Get seven to nine hours of sleep a night． Lack of sleep can reduce your immune response．
l _5. Longtime heavy drinkers suffer from more colds and flu than others do, and even regular moderate use of alcohol can weaken immune response．
|
A．Children who are in a large family are easy to get flu． |
|
B．To kill germs, experts recommend washing with soap for 15 to 30 seconds． |
|
C．One study found that people typically touched their face fifteen times in an hour． |
|
D．Many people are used to touching their faces when the flu is spreading． |
E. Discuss with your doctor whether to immunize（使免疫）your children in daycare．;
F. Studies on older mice have shown that those with reduced levels of vitamin E were more likely to be infected．
Reduce alcohol consumption（消费量）．