Speech－the act of uttering sounds to convey meaning－is a kind of human action．Like any other constantly repeated action, speaking has to be learned, but once it is learned, it becomes a generally unconscious and apparently automatic process．
As far as we can determine, human beings do not need to be forced to speak; most babies seem to possess asort of instinctive drive to produce speech like noises．How to speak and what to say are another matter altogetner．There actions are learned from the particular society into which the baby is born; so that, like all conduct that is learned from a society－from the people around us－speech is a patterned activity．
The meandering(漫目无地的)babble(咿呀学语)and chatter of a young child are eventually channeled by imitation into a few orderly grooves that represent the pattern accepted as meaningful by the people around him．Similarly, a child’s indiscriminate(不加分辨的)practice of putting things into his mouth becomes limited to putting food into his mouth in a certain way．
The sounds that a child can make are more varied and numerous than the sounds that any particular language uses．However, a child born into a society with a pattem of language is encouraged to make a small selection of sounds and to make these few sounds over and over until it is natural for him to make these sounds and not others．
(1)
For an adult, the process of speaking usually involves _________．
[ ]
A．
conscious selection of sounds
B．
imitation of those around him
C．
a drive to make noises
D．
unconscious actions
(2)
The selection says that most babies have an instinctive drive to _________．
[ ]
A．
express ideas in words
B．
make speech like noise
C．
convey meaning
D．
imitate sounds around them
(3)
Conduct that is learned from a society may be called _________．
[ ]
A．
instinctive drive
B．
selection
C．
automatic activity
D．
patterned activity
(4)
The sounds that a child is able to make are _________．
[ ]
A．
not as varied as those used in language
B．
more varied and numerous than those in any language
C．
far fewer than those needed to form a language
D．
completely different from the sounds of language
(5)
We may say that a child has learned to speak if he _________．
China has input several billion yuan of money to stop the dirty water waste on the upper and middle area of the Pearl River from polluting the lower reaches of the river, especially the Macao Spe-cial Administrative Region．
The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in the upper and middle reaches of the Pearl River has been rapidly urbanized(城市化)and industrialized in recent years, leading to a rise in the amount of urban rubbish to the damage of the land, rivers and atmosphere．
Refuse dumps and special plants in most cities treat rubbish to make it harmless, with 5,800 tons of wastes being burnt, buried or made into fertilizers on a daily basis．
He Suping, a woman engineer with the water re-sources department in Guangxi said, it is imperative for the autonomous region to treat sewage wastes to protect the area's Karst terrain(喀斯特地形)and rain water which brings contact between groundwater and surface water, making groundwater more easily polluted．
The Xijiang River, a branch of the Pearl River which runs from Guangxi to neighboring Guangdong Province, provides fresh water for a number of river-side cities such as Macao, Zhuhai, Zhongshan and Zhaoqing, so Guangxi must begin to treat rubbish quickly to protect the water sources, said Liu Chen, a senior engineer with the Ministry of Water Resources．
The government 2001－2006 plan to spend bil-lions of yuan to turn wastes harmless has been mainly provided by national debt payments and overseas in-vestment．So far wastes treatment projects have re-ceived a total of 400 million yuan(48 million US dol-lars)from national debts and 60 million yuan(7.22 million US dollars)from overseas loans(贷款)．
(1)
The main idea of the passage is ________
[ ]
A．
A large number of waterways have been polluted in China up to now．
B．
Guangxi and Guangdong have taken the lead in making water clean．
C．
China's rivers are badly in need of improve-ment．
D．
China is making efforts to reduce pollution of the rivers．
(2)
The main idea of the last paragraph is ________
[ ]
A．
The government has no ability to afford the expenses of treating wastes．
B．
The government has a long-term plan to treat wastes．
C．
National debt payments and overseas investment are taking an important part in developing China's economy．
D．
A great deal of money is needed in dealing with wastes．
(3)
The basic reason why the amount of urban rubbish rises in Guangxi lies in ________．
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