As any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows, there is far more to a family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more.

Lewis and his co-workers carried out their study by videotaping(录像) the families while they ate ordinary meals in their own homes. They found that parents with small families talk actively with each other and their children. But as the number of children gets larger, conversation gives way to the parents’ efforts to control the loud noise they make. That can have an important effect on the children. “In general the more question-asking the parents do, the higher the children’s IQ scores,” Lewis says. “And the more children there are, the less question-asking there is.”

The study also provides an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life than their siblings(兄弟姐妹). Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attention. “Middle children are invisible,” says Lewis. “When you see someone get up from the table and walk around during dinner, chances are it’s the middle child.” There is, however, one thing that stops all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention: “When the TV is on,” Lewis says, “dinner is a non-event.”

66.The writer’s purpose in writing the text is to _________.

       A.show the relationship between parents and children

       B.teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner table

       C.report on the findings of a study

       D.give information about family problems

67.Parents with large families ask fewer questions at dinner because ____________.

       A.they are busy serving food to their children

       B.they are busy keeping order at the dinner table

       C.they have to pay more attention to younger children

       D.they are tired out having prepared food for the whole family

68.By saying “Middle children are invisible” in paragraph 3, Lewis means that middle children _________.

       A.have to help their parents to serve dinner

       B.get the least attention from the family

       C.are often kept away from the dinner table

       D.find it hard to keep up with other children

69.Lewis’ research provides an answer to the question _________.

       A.why TV is important in family life

       B.why parents should keep good order

       C.why children in small families seem to be quieter

       D.why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life

70.Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?

       A.It is important to have the right food for children.

       B.It is a good idea to have the TV on during dinner.

       C.Parents should talk to each of their children frequently.

       D.Elder children should help the younger ones at dinner

One reason Americans eat so many calories is that we tend to eat large portions(分量). Studies find that hamburgers and fries are generally offered in serving sizes two to five times larger than the appropriate meal size. Researchers find we usually clean our plates no matter how high they're piled, even if we already feel satisfied. See the suggestions below to further master the fine art of sizing up(估量) your snacks and suppers.

Extremely large portions are one possible reason Americans continue getting fatter even as the percentage of our total calories from fat has gone down in recent years. Fortunately, portions are relatively simple to control because it's easier to count cookies than calories or grams of fat.

Pre-picture portions. Use familiar objects to picture how much you should eat of a food before you pick up your fork or spoon. For example, a half cup of low-fat granola is about the size of your fist. A half cup of low-fat ice cream equals half an orange.

     Use a smaller dish. This tip might sound ridiculous, but it works. First and most obvious is that you can't put as much food on, say, a salad plate. But psychologically, you're just not as prone to eat as heartily and quickly if your plate will be empty in 45 seconds.

     Have raw vegetables at every meal. Raw cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots, and peppers have few calories and lots of nutrients. A plate of them in the middle of the table almost always gets eaten up, cutting down appetite for the more calorie-dense meat.

   Start your meal with soup. Studies show that a bowl of soup at the start of the meal reduces overall meal consumption, since they are lowest in calories and highest in nutrients.

   Manage your fork. After every bite of food, put your fork down. Don't pick it up until you have thoroughly chewed and swallowed the previous bite. The goal is both to slow down your eating and to eat less. Remember: Your body needs 20 minutes of digestion before it sends signals to your brain that you are no longer hungry.

Helpful hints on how to get a handle on the how-much factor

Facts

Hamburgers and fries served in restaurants are generally two to five times the______of the proper ones.

Americans usually clean their plates ______high they're piled, even if they are already satisfied

Effects

Americans continue getting fatter even as they have

 eaten______calories from fat in recent years.

______          

a. Use______objects to imagine how much you should eat of a food before a meal.

b. Use a smaller dish and thus eat _____.

c. Have raw vegetables at every meal to cut down ______    for the more calorie-dense meat.

d. Start your meal with ______to reduce meal consumption.

e. Put down your fork at______to make sure your brain receives______that you’re full.

       The light from the campfire brightened the darkness, but it could not prevent the damp cold of Dennis’s Swamp (沼泽地) creeping into their bones. It was a strange place. Martin and Tom wished that they had not accepted Jack’s dare. They liked camping, but not near this swamp.

       “So,” Martin asked as they sat watching the hot coals. “How did this place get its name ? ”

       “Are you sure you want to hear it ? It’s a scary story,” warned Jack.

       “Of course!” cried out Tom. “If there were anything to be scared of, you wouldn’t have chosen this place!”

       “Ok, but don’t say I didn’t warn you,” said Jack, and he began this tale.

       “Way back in time, a man called Dennis tried to start a farm here. He built that cottage over there to live in . In those days, the area looked quite different ---- it was covered with tall trees and the swamp was a crystal-clear river. After three hard years, Dennis had cleared several fields and planted crops. He was so proud of his success that he refused to listen to advice.

       “  ‘You are clearing too much land, ’ warned one old man. ‘ The land is a living thing. It will hit back at you if you abuse it. ’

       “ ‘ Silly fool,’ said Dennis to himself. ‘If I clear more land, I can grow more crops. I’ll become wealthier. He’s just jealous!’”

       “Dennis continued to chop down trees. Small animals that relied on them for food and shelter were destroyed. He was so eager to expand his farm that he did not notice the river flowing slowly towards his door. He did not notice salt seeping to the surface of the land. He did not notice swamp plants choking all the native plants.”

       “What happened ? ” Martin asked. It was growing colder. He trembled, twisting his body closer to the fire.

       “The land hit back ---- just as the old man warned, ” Jack shrugged. “Dennis disappeared. Old folks around here believe that swamp plants moved up from the river and dragged him underwater. His body was never found.”

       “What a stupid story, ” laughed Tom. “Plants can’t …” Before he had finished speaking, he screamed and fainted(晕倒). The other two boys jumped up with fright, staring at Tom. Suddenly, they burst out laughing. Some green swamp ivy (常春藤) had covered Tom’s face. It was a while before Tom could appreciate the joke.

56.  The underlined word “dare” in Paragraph 1 is closed in meaning to ________.

       A. courage                B. assistance                   C. instruction                    D. challenge

57.  Why did Jack tell Tom and Martin the story ?

       A. To frighten them.

       B. To satisfy their curiosity.

       C. To warn them of the danger of the place.

       D. To persuade them to camp in the swamp.

58.  Why did Dennis ignore the warning of the old man ?

       A. The old man envied him.                              B. The old man was foolish

       C. He was too busy to listen to others.                   D. He was greedy for more crops.

59.  Why did Tom scream and faint ?

       A. He saw Dennis’s shadow                             B. He was scared by a plant

       C. His friends played a joke on him.                D. The weather became extremely cold.

60.        What lesson can we learn from the story of Dennis ?

       A. Grasp all, lose all.                                          B. No sweat, no sweet.

       C. It is no use crying over spilt milk.                 D. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.


阅读下面短文,撑握其大意,然后从1—20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced  1  for a few days, I was   2  to wait tables on my own. All went  3  that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily  4  the tables not far from the kitchen.   5  , I still felt a little hard to carry the heavy trays (托盘)。
Before I knew it, the  6 was full of people. I moved slowly,   7 every step. I remember how  8  I was when I saw the tray stand near the tables, it looked different from the one I was  9  on. It had nice handles (手柄),which made it  10   to move around. I was pleased with everything and began to  11  I was a natural at this job.
Then, an old man came to me and said, “Excuse me, dear, my wife and I loved __12 you work. It seems your tray stand has been very  13  to you, but we are getting ready to  14  now, and my wife needs her  15 back.”
At first his   16 did not get across. “What was he talking about!” Then I got it. I had set my trays on his wife’s orthopedic walker (助步器). I stood frozen as ice, but my face was  17 . I wanted to get into a hole and  18 .
Since then, I have learned from many mistakes such as the one I just   19  , I have learned to be more  20 and not to be too sure of myself.

【小题1】
A.managerB.assistantC.cookD.waitress
【小题2】
A.promisedB.invitedC.allowedD.advised
【小题3】
A.wellB.quicklyC.safelyD.wrong
【小题4】
A.leftB.givenC.broughtD.show
【小题5】
A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.OtherwiseD.Finally
【小题6】
A.kitchenB.streetC.restaurantD.table
【小题7】
A.mindingB.changingC.takingD.saving
【小题8】angry        B. calm        C. sad          D. happy
【小题9】
A.fixedB.trainedC.loadedD.waited
【小题10】
A.slowerB.lighterC.quieterD.easier
【小题11】
A.believeB.agreeC.regretD.pretend
【小题12】
A.lettingB.makingC.watchingD.having
【小题13】
A.usefulB.familiarC.unusualD.interesting
【小题14】
A.restB.orderC.eatD.leave
【小题15】
A.bagB.walkerC.trayD.coat
【小题16】
A.ideaB.praiseC.messageD.need
【小题17】
A.coldB.full of joyC.paleD.on fire
【小题18】
A.lieB.hideC.defendD.stay
【小题19】
A.repeatedB.discoveredC.correctedD.described
【小题20】
A.carefulB.patientC.honestD.practical


第二节 完型填空(共20小题,每小题1分,满分20分)
A friend once told me a beautiful story of how ordinary people found a simple way to help others. My friend was 36 the beautiful view on the top of Casper Mountain, a 37 place for visitors to overlook (俯视) Casper, Wyoming. Even in the summer it was 38 on top of the mountain, and on this day he 39 a young woman who clearly had no coat. She 40 as she wrapped (用……缠绕) her arms around herself.
Then he saw an older man 41 up to the young woman, take off his sweater and place it on her 42 . The man said, “Here, keep the sweater. The 43 is even better when you’re warm.” She smiled her 44 and wrapped the warm sweater 45 her shoulders as the man went away.
Before the woman left, she found a middle-aged woman who was also 46 cold and she handed her the sweater. “47 it,” she said. “The view is even better when you’re warm.”
My friend was 48 in that, so he kept his eyes on the sweater. He noticed that before the current (现在的) 49 of the sweater left, she came near to a trembling (颤抖的) man, 50 it to him and said, “Here ... keep the sweater. The view is 51 better when you’re warm.”
“That happened a couple of years ago,” my friend said. “And as far as I know, that 52 is still on top of Casper Mountain, going from one person to another.”
Ordinary people can find a way to 53 others. Great opportunities to help others seldom come, but small ones 54 us daily. Like somebody else likes to say: Nobody can help everybody, 55 everybody can help somebody!
36. A. getting      B. enjoying       C. taking              D. making
37. A. dirty      B. terrible         C. favorite        D. cold
38. A. hot             B. sunny          C. cool                    D. warm
39. A. liked           B. knew           C. touched        D. noticed
40. A. laughed           B. cried          C. feared          D. shook
41. A. walk           B. rush             C. jump             D. swim
42. A. shoulders     B. hands          C. arms                D. legs
43. A. health      B. picture         C. result               D. view
44. A. thanks         B. apologies      C. dissatisfaction   D. greetings
45. A. on           B. by               C. with                    D. around
46. A. silently     B. clearly         C. especially       D. finally
47. A. Throw            B. Buy          C. Keep               D. Mend
48. A. surprised     B. interested            C. shocked            D. frightened
49. A. helper      B. giver          C. owner             D. seller
50. A. gave           B. sold          C. showed         D. bought
51. A. quite        B. never               C. ever              D. much
52. A. man            B. woman        C. mountain       D. sweater
53. A. compete           B. help             C. fight                    D. forgive
54. A. catch           B. miss             C. surround (包围)  D. welcome
55. A. if              B. unless           C. so                    D. But

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