Elephants have four distinct personalities that help their herd survive in the African bush, scientists have found. 

With their grey skin, mournful eyes and slow heavy pace, you could be forgiven for thinking elephants are uniformly melancholy(忧郁的) creatures. But scientists have now discovered the largest living land animals have personalities to match their size.

In a new study of African elephants, researchers have identified four distinct characters that are common in a herd – the leaders, the gentle giants, the playful rogues(小淘气) and the reliable plodders (辛勤工作的人).

Each of the types has developed to help the giant mammals survive in their harsh environment and is almost unique in the animal kingdom, according to the scientists.

Professor Phyllis Lee and her colleague Cynthia Moss studied a herd of elephants in the Amboseli National Park in Kenya known as the EB family — famous for their matriarch Echo before she died in 2009.

Using data collected over 38 years of watching this group, the researchers analyzed them for 26 types of behavior and found four personality features tended to emerge.

The strongest personality to emerge was that of the leader. Unlike other animals, where leadership tends to be won by the most dominant and aggressive individual, the elephants instead respected intelligence and problem solving in their leader. Echo, the matriarch and oldest in the group, her daughter Enid, and Ella, the second oldest female, all emerged as leaders.

The playful elephants tended to be younger but were more curious and active. Eudora, a 40-year-old female in the herd, seemed to be the most playful, consistently showing this feature throughout her life while playfulness in some of the other elephants declined with age.

Gentle elephants, which included two 27-year-old females Eleanor and Eliot, touched and rubbed against others more than the others.

Those that were reliable tended to be those that were most consistent at making good decisions, helped to care for infants in the herd and were calm when faced with threats. Echo and her youngest daughter Ebony seemed to be the most reliable.

Professor Lee said that elephants with these features tended to be the most socially integrated in the group while those who tended to be less reliable and pushy were more likely to split from the herd.

1.From the passage we get to know that ________.

A.the researchers reached their conclusion by analyzing the data

B.the research centered on the 26 types of behavior of the matriarch

C.the scientists conducted the research by comparing elephants with other animals

D.professor Phyllis Lee and her colleague spent nearly 38 years tracking the herd

2.According to the new findings of the scientists, ________.

A.playfulness of an elephant will always decline with age

B.those elephants which are caring and wise are most reliable

C.each elephant can be matched with only one of the four personalities

D.once becoming a member of a herd, an elephant will never split from it

3.In the EB family Echo and Eudora are ________.

A.mother and daughter                    B.two oldest females

C.the gentlest ones                       D.leader and member

 

Millions of girls grow up with the hope of becoming a famous singer. Some even win local talent competitions as children, but only a few such early successes and dreams turn into reality. Jessica Andrews is one of the few whose dreams have come true.

Andrews, first taste of success came at the age of 10. She won a talent competition in her home town of Huntingdon, Tennessee, singing I Will Always Love You, originally sung by Whitney Houston. Houston's version of the song appeared on The Bodyguard sound track, which happened to be the first album Andrews ever bought.

Within two years, talk of Andrews had spread to Nashville and caught the attention of producer Byron Gallimore, whose credits include work with Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, and Jo Dee Messina. With Gallimore signed on to produce, Andrews soon had a recording contract (合同)with Dream Works' Nashville label.

Andrews' professional career was launched with 1999's Heart Shaped World, recorded when she was 14 years old. The album included the country hit I Will Be There For You, which also appeared on The Prince Of Egypt . She followed up the release of the album by touring as a support act for such country superstars as Faith Hill and Trisha Yearwood.

With the release of 2001’s, Who I Am, Andrews became a star in her own right. The album was certified (证明)gold for sales of 500,000 copies. Andrews returned in April 2003 with Now,an album that she promised would show a new side of the young artist. "This album has a very different feeling for me," she said. "It's a lot more personal and there's a confidence that wasn't quite there on the first two. I feel especially connected to this group of songs."

1.According to the passage, who mostly helped Andrews to achieve success ?

A.Tim McGraw

B.Whitney Houston

C.Faith Hill

D.Byron Gallimore

2.What's the meaning of the underlined word “launched,,in the fourth paragraph?

A.Started.

B.Sent.

C.Aimed.

D.Set.

3.Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the passage?

A.The Bodyguard was the first album Andrews ever bought.

B.After Andrews sang Who I Am,she became a star in her own right.

C.I Will Always Love You was originally sung by Whitney Houston.

D.Now expresses a new feeling of Andrews.

4.Which of the following may NOT be Andrews' album?

A.Now.

B.Heart Shaped World.

C.The Prince of Egypt.

D.Who IAm

5.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A.Jessica Andrews' Life

B.Jessica Andrews' Dream

C.Jessica Andrews' Songs

D.Jessica Andrews' Success as a Singer

 

The China Daily newspaper group is looking for English-language senior business editors,senior copy editors,copy editors and graphic designers to strengthen its international team.We offer a competitive salary package,free accommodation with utilities paid for,90 per cent medical reimbursement,a seven-day paid leave,eleven­day public holidays and a return ticket to the country of residence.

Senior Business Editor

You must:

assist the business editor in setting goals and working on achieving them;

be an excellent team person who can generate ideas and think creatively and be able to rewrite totally if needed and mentor junior staff;

ideally have been working or have worked in a position of responsibility and understand what leadership entails;

have had at least five years’ editing experience working on editing the Business Desk and be familiar with industry software.

Senior Copy Editor

You must:

work on shifts in the Business Desk and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print;

edit or rewrite copy and give snappy headlines and captions;

have had at least two years’ editing experience working on editing desks and be familiar with industry software.

Copy Editor

You must:

be good at editing or rewriting copy and writing snappy headlines and captions;

be able to work on shifts for different pages,and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print;

have two years of editing experience working on copy desks,and be familiar with industry software.

Graphic Designer

You must:

have excellent skills in information graphics;

be good at illustrations and freehand drawings;

be experienced in newspaper or magazine layouts;

have a good sense of typography;

have good news judgment;

be well­versed with Macintosh software,including InDesign,Illustrator and Photoshop;

be fluent in English.

For enquiries or to apply,write to job @ chinadaily.com.cn.

1.What is the purpose of this passage?

A.To describe the positions of the China Daily newspaper group.

B.To describe the working conditions of the China Daily newspaper group.

C.To advertise for recruiting some good employees.

D.To tell you how to become part of this group.

2.What is not required about Graphic Designer?

A.Be well-versed with Photoshop.

B.Have excellent skills in information graphics.

C.Having a good sense of typography.

D.Writing snappy headlines and captions.

3.How many positions need editing experience?

A.2.                     B.1.                       C.3.                  D.4.

4.Which can be the title of the advertisement?

A.China Daily:New Employees Wanted

B.China Daily:Newspaper

C.China Daily:An International Team

D.China Daily:The Best Working Condition

5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Free accommodations are available to the workers.

B.The workers there can enjoy a seven-day leave without pay.

C.The employees have the right to enjoy eleven­day public holidays.

D.The senior business editor’s only job is to help the business editor to set goals.

 

阅读下列应用文及相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息。

请将下列各小题中的人物与A-F中的工作匹配起来。

A. Employer: an International School in Beijing

Position: Administrative Assistant

Requirements:

1. Bachelor Degree or above majoring in English; A high-level of Chinese-English and English-Chinese oral and written proficiency

 

2.     Computer proficiency (i.e.: Word, Excel)

3.     Minimum 2 years relevant experience as a professional translator or  

administrative assistant

B. Employer: An International Foreign Trade Company in Shenzhen 

Position: foreign trade clerk (males only)

Requirements:

o                 Be familiar with foreign trade business processes, work experience

preferred

o                 Good at speaking, reading and writing in English

o                 Travelling often both at home and abroad

4.  Strong business sense and negotiation skills

 

C. Employer: Good Day travel Agency in Guangzhou

Position: Tour Guides

Requirements:

1. Aged less than 30

2. Easygoing, open-minded, willing to meet and good at getting along with people of different kinds, especially foreigners

3. Good at spoken English, acquisition of one more foreign language preferred

4. Fit, adaptable enough for frequent travelling abroad

 

D. Employer: Bright Foreign Languages School

Position: English Teachers

Requirements:

1.     College graduates with at least Bachelor degree in English; and those from  

teaching universities are preferred

2.     Enthusiastic about teaching and have a will for life-long devotion to

education

3.     Working in the suburban Senior campus. Males preferred

 

E. Shanghai Daily

Position: English editors

Requirements:

1. A recognized degree in English or a related discipline

2. Excellent writing skills, preferably with editing/journalism experience

3. Teaching or training experience in English or related subjects

 

F.    Duran Education Group

Position: Teachers

 

Requirements:

1.     Native English speakers

2.     At least 1 year’s teaching experience in college; major in various subjects like  

math, accounting, physics, economy, English etc

3.     Teaching in the branches of this group in Asia

4.     Comfortable with living in foreign cultures for a long time.

 

1.Mary, an English major, will graduate from college this July. As the chairman of the Students Union, she is thought highly of as good leadership, outgoing, extraverted. She herself looks forward to a job that allows her to travel as much as possible around the world, instead of a sedentary job in the office.

2. Sarah majored in English and American Literature in a college in Texas and continued to teach there after graduation. She is quite curious about Chinese culture and desires to have a profound understanding of it by staying there for a long time. At the same time, however, loss of income is one concern that holds her back from making her dream come true.

3. Tim didn’t go to college. He started as an office clerk in a trade company and later rose to get involved in the business due to his hard work and intelligence. He also has taken part-time course of English to improve his competence. Now, he is seeking to make a change in a large-scale company.

4.Helen, a quiet girl, has been an English-Chinese translator for 3 years. Now tired of spending the whole day translating documents in the office, she wants a new job that involves more responsibilities in addition to written translation.

5. Jeff is about to graduate with a double degree in Journalism and English. He has taken a 3-month internship in a local newspaper, which arouses his strong interest in working with press. Of course, the ideal job is one that can also use his English proficiency to the full advantage. 

 

 

GREENWICH—Recently, a group of concerned Greenwich residents gathered to discuss how they could help those who may be alone during the holiday season.Armed with plenty of ideas and a sincere desire to do good, this group now refers to themselves as "A Random Act of Kindness".As members of this group, we are to put together a Thanksgiving dinner on Thanksgiving Day that will provide a free meal to those who are alone or can't provide for themselves.This task will require many resources to make it successful.We are gathering a small army of volunteers to devote their time to helping prepare, cook, serve, clean, organize and promote this event.We hope that you can help us.The following is what we have planned to do;

·A 2 - hour free dinner that will take place at the Greenwich VFW with 2 seatings, one from 1 p.m.to 2 p.m.and the other from 2: 30 p.m.to 3: 30 p.m.by reservation only on Thanksgiving Day.

·Amy McPhail and Julie Carroll are accepting names of volunteers as well as food donations for the cause; Amy can be contacted (联络) at 692 -7841 for donations and Julie can be contacted if you'd like to volunteer at 884 -0658.

·A bank account has been created through Glens Falls National Bank to accept money donations and checks can be made payable to "A Random Act of Kindness" and sent to Glens Falls National Bank c/o Dan Flynn.

·Ellen Pemrick ( Caterer) .Beth Anthony ( Beth's Cafe) and David Hughes (Glens Falls Hospital) will be consulted to make sure the highest quality of food can be served.

·We are looking to serve between 150 and 250 people at this event.We are serving the following: turkey gravy, mashed potatoes, green beans, cranberry sauce, stuffing rolls, pumpkin pie, apple pie.Beverages will include: milk, water, coffee & apple cider.

If you are interested in donating any of the above items, please drop off your donations at the VFW in Greenwich any evening between November 14 and November 24.If you have any problems dropping any items off during that time, please contact George Perkins at either 692 -2367 or 573 -8115.Any non-perishable food donalions not used for the dinner will be donated to the local Greenwich Food Pantry.

Any help you can provide for us would be gready appreciated.Everyone's generosity to the Greenwich community and its residents is very much appreciated.Reservations for dinner are now being accepted by calling Pal Perkins at 692 -2367 until November 13.

1.If you want to be a volunteer for this Thanksgiving dinner, you may call _____.

    A.884-0658        B.692-2367        C.573-8115        D.692-7841

2.How many people will probably be served at the Thanksgiving dinner?

    A.500.            B.400.            C.300.            D.200.

3.Which of the following will be included in the dinner?

    A.Apples and milk.                    B.Pumpkins and water.

    C.Coffee and stuffing rolls.          D.Potatoes and cranberry pie.

4.As a volunteer for this Thanksgiving dinner, you can ______.

    A.contact Julie to make sure of the quality of food

    B.help make some arrangements for this event

    C.drop off your donations at the VFW anytime

    D.donate some money to Glens Falls National Bank

5.The purpose of this passage is to _____.

    A.describe a Thanksgiving celebration

    B.introduce a Thanksgiving volunteer group

    C.call on people to participate in a Thanksgiving event

    D.persuade people to donate for a Thanksgiving dinner

 

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