this as a topic sentence and write a paragraph by adding three sentences of your own.A.To start withB.Start withC.At the beginningD.Beginning with 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses．This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect．

The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which was named after Catherine Kitty Genovese, a．young woman who was murdered on March 13, 1964．Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work．As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed（刺）by a man later identified as Winston Moseley．Despite Genovese]s repeated cries for help , none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called the police for help ．The attach first began at 3:20 , but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted the police．

There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect．First, the presence of other people creates a diffusion（分散）of responsibility．Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present．

The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways．When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate．Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation, is ambiguous^ R^E^?）．In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnessing reported that they believed that they were witnessing a " lovers' quarrel" , and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．

The passage seems to suggest that Genovese might not have been murdered if there had been_____．

A．no observer B．fewer observers

C．more observers ． D．younger observers

Genovese was murdered .

A．while she was going out B．in her apartment

C．halfway home D．in front of her apartment ?

The underlined word "this" in the last paragraph probably refers to ____．

A．not doing anything to help B．behaving in correct ways

C．taking action D．murdering

We can learn from the passage that Genovese's neighbors didn't lend a hand partly because they ____．

A．were afraid of being attacked by the murderer

B．thought someone else might come to her rescue．

C．didn't get along well with her

D．were sure it was murdering

Nearly all our food comes from the soil. Some of us eat meat, of course, but animals live on plants. If there were no plants, we would have no animals and no meat. So the soil is very necessary for life. The top of the ground is usually covered with grass or other plants. There may be dead leaves and dead plants on the grass. The waste matter (粪) from animals also falls on it.

All soil needs food. If we do not give it any, the plants will be weak. Farmers found that animals’ waste is the best food for the soil, but chemical fertilizers (化肥) are also very useful. The same crop (庄稼) should not be grown in the same place every year; it’s better to have a different crop. A change of crop and the use of a good fertilizer will keep the land good.

1.What would happen first without plants?

A．People would have more crops. B．Animals would die.

C．There would be more food. D．There would be less soil.

2.What does the writer tell us in the first paragraph (段落)?

A．Leaves, plants, grass and waste live on each other.

B．There would be no animals without meat.

C．There would be no plants without animals.

D．People, animals, plants and soil live on each other.

3.Which is the best food for soil in the field?

A．Chemical fertilizers B．Plants and grass. C．Animals’ waste. D．Different crops.

4.Why do we often grow a different crop in the same place every year?

A．Because we can keep the soil rich this way.

B．Because we don’t have enough land.

C．Because we want to have a different food.

D．Because we do this as a habit.

5.What is the best title for the passage?

A．Soil and Waste B．Plants and Animals C．Food and Waste D．Soil and Food

I had the meanest mother in the world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have cereal, eggs and toast. Others had cokes and candy for lunch, while we had to eat a sandwich. As you can guess, my supper was different than the other kids’. But at least I was not alone in my suffering. My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did.

My mother insisted on knowing where we were at all times. She had to know who our friends were and what we were doing. We had to wear clean clothes every day. Other kids always wore their clothes for days. We reached the height of disgrace because she made our clothes herself, just to save money.

The worst is yet to come. We had to be in bed by 9:00 each night and up at 7:45 the next morning. So while my friends slept, my mother actually had the courage to break Child Labor Law. She made us work. I believed she lay awake all night thinking up mean things to do to us. Through the years, our friends’ report cards had beautiful colors on them, black for passing, red for failing. My mother, however, would merely be content with black marks. None of us was allowed the pleasure of being a dropout.

She forced us to grow up into educated and honest adults. Using this as a background, I’m now trying to bring up my three children. I’m filled with pride when my children think I am mean because now I thank God every day for giving me the meanest mother in the world.

1.Which of the following things did the writer hate to do most?

A．Eating differently from other kids. B．Wearing clean clothes made by mother

C．Going to bed early and getting up early D．Letting mother know where they were

2.It can be inferred from the passage that____________.

A．the writer worked hard and usually got good grades in studies

B．mother was punished for breaking the Labor Law

C．all the other kids studied better than the writer

D．the writer’s family lived a miserable life

3.Which of the following statements is Not true according to the passage ?

A．Mother practiced economy in running her home

B．The writer is very thankful for her mother

C．The writer is severe with her children when bringing them up

D．The wrier has a deep hatred for her mother

4.The passage was written in a way of _________ tone.

A．humorous B．hateful C．ridiculous D．critical

Have you ever picked a job based on the fact that you were good at it but later found it made you feel very uncomfortable over time? When you select your career, there’s whole lot more to it than assessing your skills and matching them with a particular position. If you ignore your personality, it will hurt you long-term regardless of your skills or the job's pay. There are several areas of your personality that you need to consider to help you find a good job. Here are a few of those main areas:

1) Do you prefer working alone or with other people?

There are isolating (使孤立) jobs that will drive an outgoing person crazy and also interactive jobs that will make a shy person uneasy. Most people are not extremes in either direction but do have a tendency that they prefer. There are also positions that are sometimes a combination of the two, which may be best for someone in the middle who adapts easily to either situation.

2) How do you handle change?

Most jobs these days have some elements of change to them, but some are more than others. If you need stability in your life, you may need a job where the changes don't happen so often. Other people would be bored of the same daily routine.

3) Do you enjoy working with computers?

I do see this as a kind of personality characteristic. There are people who are happy to spend more than 40 hours a week on a computer, while there are others who need a lot of human interaction throughout the day. Again, these are extremes and you'll likely find a lot of positions somewhere in the middle as well.

4) What type of work environment do you enjoy?

This can range from being in a large building with a lot of people you won't know immediately to a smaller setting where you'll get to know almost all the people there fairly quickly.

5) How do you like to get paid?

Some people are motivated by the pay they get, while others feel too stressed to be like that. The variety of payment designs in the sales industry is a typical example for this.

Anyway, these are a great starting point for you. I've seen it over and over again with people that they make more money over time when they do something they love. It may take you a little longer, but making a move to do what you have a passion for can change the course of your life for the better.

1.This passage mainly talks about the importance of __________.

A. different jobs B. personalities C. personal skills D. job’s pay

2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Isolating jobs usually drive people mad.

B. Interactive jobs make people shy easily.

C. Extreme people tend to work with others.

D. Almost everyone has a tendency in jobs.

3.What is the missing word about a job search in the following chart?

A. Design B. Skills C. Cooperation D. Hobbies

4.What is the best title for this passage?

A. Lifestyles and Job Pay

B. Jobs and Environment

C. Job Skills and Abilities

D. Personalities and Jobs

Have you ever picked a job based on the fact that you were good at it but later found it made you feel very uncomfortable over time? When you select your career, there's a whole lot more to it than assessing your skills and matching them with a particular position. If you ignore your personality, it will hurt you long-term regardless of your skills or the job's pay. There are several areas of your personality that you need to consider to help you find a good job. Here are a few of those main areas;

1) Do you prefer working alone or with other people?

There are isolating（使孤立）jobs that will drive an outgoing person crazy and also interactive jobs that will make a shy person uneasy. Most people are not extremes in either direction but do have a tendency that they prefer. There are also positions that are sometimes a combination of the two, which may be best for someone in the middle who adapts easily to either situation.

2) How do you handle change?

Most jobs these days have some elements of change to them, but some are more than others. If you need stability in your life, you may need a job where the changes don't happen so often. Other people would be bored of the same daily routine.

3) Do you enjoy working with computers？

I do see this as a kind of personality characteristic. There are people who are happy to spend more than 40 hours a week on a computer, while there are others who need a lot of human interaction throughout the day. Again, these are extremes and you'll likely find a lot of positions somewhere in the middle as well.

4) What type of work environment do you enjoy？

This can range from being in a large building with a lot of people you won't know immediately to a smaller setting where you'll get to know almost all the people there fairly quickly.

5) How do you like to get paid?

Some people are motivated by the pay they get, while others feel too stressed to be like that. The variety of payment designs in the sales industry is a typical example for this.

Anyway, these are a great starting point for you. I've seen it over and over again with people that they make more money over time when they do something they love. It may take you a little longer, but making a move to do what you have a passion for can change the course of your life for the better.

1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Isolating jobs usually drive people mad.

B. Interactive jobs make people shy easily.

C. Extreme people tend to work with others.

D. Almost everyone has a tendency in jobs.

2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph one mean?

A. Before you select your job, you should assess your skills and match them with your position

B. There are more important things than assessing skills and match them with the position when you select job.

C. Nothing is important than assessing skills and match them with the position when you select job.

D. You should ignore your skills when you select job.

3.What is the missing word about a job search in the following chart?

A. Design. B. Changes. C. Cooperation. D. Hobbies.

4.What is the best title for this passage?

A. Lifestyles and Job Pay B. Jobs and Environment

C. Job Skills and Abilities D. Personalities and Jobs

________ this as a topic sentence and write a paragraph by adding three sentences of your own.

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