Lead(铅) deposits, which accumulated(增加) in soil and snow during the 1960's and 70's, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated(托管) unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation world-wide has decreased greatly.
A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining(减少).
In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasoline and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (分区) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.
In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.
The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed (再分配)the lead faster than the scientists had expected. Scientists say both studies show that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统 ) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.
1. The study published in the journal Nature indicates that ________.
A. the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results
B. lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase
C. lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected
D. the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow
2. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US ________.
A. was discouraged               B. was carried out by law
C. was forbidden by law           D. was introduced
3. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?
A. By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.
B. By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.
C. By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.
D. By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.
4. The authors of the Ambio study have found that ________.
A forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected
B. lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with
C. lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US
D. the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions
5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists ________.
A. are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution
B. feel ease by the use of unleaded gasoline
C. still consider lead pollution a problem
D. lack enough means to combat lead pollution

CHOOSE YOUR VIRGINIA
Rock House Museum
Take a journey through history with a visit to the exciting museum and historic sites of Wytheville . The Rock House Museum offers glimpses into daily life in the 19th century . The museum is part of the 50 structures featured in Wytheville’s Historic Walking Tour . 540/233-3330 .
Grand Caverns
Grand Caverns is America’s oldest cave . Beautiful and massive formations . Union troops visited the caverns . Thomas Jefferson visited—you should , too ! Open weekends in March , daily April—October , 9 a.m.—5 p.m. Hour tours leave every 30 minutes . 703/249-5705 .
The News Museum
The News Museum in Arlington is the world’s only interactive(互动)museum of news . Visitors can be reporters or television newscasters , see today’s news as it happens on a block-long video news wall , and be taken behind the scenes to see how news is made . The News museum is open Wednesday through Sunday from 10 a. m.—5 p. m. You can visit www. News museum .Org .
Kenmore Plantation & Gardens
Kenmore Plantation & Gardens has over two hundred years of history from the Revolutionary War , Civil War and into the 21st century . Home of Betty Washington , George Washington’s only sister , and Patriot Col. Fielding Lewis . Explore this historic building and city block of restored gardens . Tea and ginger cookies served . 540/373-3381 .
Virginia Beach
Virginia Beach offers 11 000 hotel / motel rooms , plus cottages and campgrounds . Enjoy miles of clean beaches and a variety of family attractions . Fine restaurants , various shopping areas , exciting nightlife , and special events are offered throughout the year . 800/822-3224 .
【小题1】What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage ?

A.To attract tourists to Virginia .
B.To encourage people to settle in Virginia .
C.To introduce historic sites in Virginia .
D.To give people a general description of Virginia .
【小题2】 In what way is The News Museum different from Rock House Museum ?
A.It is larger .B.It is more exciting .
C.Visitors can act in it .D.Visitors can see more in it .
【小题3】If you want to enjoy yourself in the evening , you may go to       .
A.The News MuseumB.Kenmore Plantation & Gardens
C.Grand CavernsD.Virginia Beach
【小题4】Which of the following places is NOT open in the winter months ?
A.The news Museum .
B.Grand Caverns .
C.Virginia Beach .
D.Kenmore Plantation & Gardens .
【小题5】Which of the following is NOT a fact when tourists are visiting the Virginia Beach ?
A.Tourists can camp in the open air .
B.Tourists can enjoy some special events there .
C.Tourists can not go there in their own cars .
D.Tourists can enjoy themselves on the clean beach .

CHOOSE YOUR VIRGINIA

Rock House Museum

Take a journey through history with a visit to the exciting museum and historic sites of Wytheville . The Rock House Museum offers glimpses into daily life in the 19th century . The museum is part of the 50 structures featured in Wytheville’s Historic Walking Tour . 540/233-3330 .

Grand Caverns

Grand Caverns is America’s oldest cave . Beautiful and massive formations . Union troops visited the caverns . Thomas Jefferson visited—you should , too ! Open weekends in March , daily April—October , 9 a.m.—5 p.m. Hour tours leave every 30 minutes . 703/249-5705 .

The News Museum

The News Museum in Arlington is the world’s only interactive(互动)museum of news . Visitors can be reporters or television newscasters , see today’s news as it happens on a block-long video news wall , and be taken behind the scenes to see how news is made . The News museum is open Wednesday through Sunday from 10 a. m.—5 p. m. You can visit www. News museum .Org .

Kenmore Plantation & Gardens

Kenmore Plantation & Gardens has over two hundred years of history from the Revolutionary War , Civil War and into the 21st century . Home of Betty Washington , George Washington’s only sister , and Patriot Col. Fielding Lewis . Explore this historic building and city block of restored gardens . Tea and ginger cookies served . 540/373-3381 .

Virginia Beach

Virginia Beach offers 11 000 hotel / motel rooms , plus cottages and campgrounds . Enjoy miles of clean beaches and a variety of family attractions . Fine restaurants , various shopping areas , exciting nightlife , and special events are offered throughout the year . 800/822-3224 .

1.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage ?

A.To attract tourists to Virginia .

B.To encourage people to settle in Virginia .

C.To introduce historic sites in Virginia .

D.To give people a general description of Virginia .

2. In what way is The News Museum different from Rock House Museum ?

A.It is larger .

B.It is more exciting .

C.Visitors can act in it .

D.Visitors can see more in it .

3.If you want to enjoy yourself in the evening , you may go to       .

A.The News Museum

B.Kenmore Plantation & Gardens

C.Grand Caverns

D.Virginia Beach

4.Which of the following places is NOT open in the winter months ?

A.The news Museum .

B.Grand Caverns .

C.Virginia Beach .

D.Kenmore Plantation & Gardens .

5.Which of the following is NOT a fact when tourists are visiting the Virginia Beach ?

A.Tourists can camp in the open air .

B.Tourists can enjoy some special events there .

C.Tourists can not go there in their own cars .

D.Tourists can enjoy themselves on the clean beach .

 

 

How can Omar’s class help?

Omar’s class at school learned about taking care of our planet. Children in his class worked hard at collecting newspapers, cans, and bottles. Their teacher took what they collected to a company where the things would be recycled(回收)and used again. Omar hoped that doing his would make progress toward cleaning up our Earth. Omar wished that they could do more. Then Omar’s teacher gave the class this form.

YOU can make a difference!

Help Clean Up Our Texas Beaches

Who?

 

Children from all the schools in our city

When?

 

Saturday, November 16 Buses will leave from the parking lot at City Park at 8:00 A.M. They will return at 3:00 P.M.

Where?

 

Padre Island on the Texas coast

What should you bring?

 

Lunch and something to drink; Work gloves (We will have gloves to give to children who do not have a pair.)

What should teachers bring?

 

Empty bags and small shovels(铲子)

When to sign up?

 

By Wednesday, November 13

Where to sign up?

 

Have a parent sign at the back of this form to show that your family will permit you to go. Return this form to your teacher.

Teachers and students will use small shovels and gloves to gather trash on the beach. Papers, cans, and bottles will each be put in different bags. Be sure to sort(分类)trash and put it in the proper bag. At the end of the day, each child will receive a T-shirt that says “I made a difference.” Children will also be treated to a pizza party at the Pizza Palace on the way back to City Park. Each school will receive a small oak tree to plant on the school’s grounds.

Keeping our beaches clean is important. Please sign up.

Parents who want to go should call 555-9753 and talk to Mr. Smith.

1. After the cleanup, the children will ________.

A. report to Mr. Smith                     B. go to the Pizza Palace

C. join the Clean Earth Club                D. buy an oak tree

2 “I made a difference” in the passage probably means “ ________”.

A. I was different from others

B. I became more interested than before

C. I did something for a friend

D. I made something better than it was

3. If you help in the cleanup, at the end of the day you will receive a  ________.

A. pair of gloves      B. breakfast         C. small shovel        D. T-shirt

4. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Schools organized a general cleaning.       B. Children can help clean up our Earth.

C. More bottles are thrown away than cans.     D. Recycling costs a lot of money.

 

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