题目内容
Public speaking and critical thinking
What is critical thinking ? to a certain degree ,it’s a matter of logic （逻辑）—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people ‘s argument and to avoid them in your own ,it also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence .
In the broad sense ,critical thinking is focused ,organized thinking –the ability to see clearly
their lationships among ideas. 1 the greatest thinkers ,scientists ,and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.that,too,is critical thinking.
2 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical（机械的）exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking. If the stucture of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also discovered and confused. If, on the other hand ,the stucture is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not a matter of arraging the ideas your already have. 3
What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 4 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will Improve your ability to think clearly and accutately. 5 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class. You will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.
If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.
| A．Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves |
| B．This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it. |
| C．It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech |
| D．It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas. |
F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways
G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speech making ,you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.
【小题1】 D
【小题1】E
【小题1】A
【小题1】F
【小题1】G
解析
You are enjoying the beautiful scenery in a quiet place, but suddenly the peace and quiet is interrupted（打断）by the noisy sound of a cellphone(手机)! Cellphones are everywhere, and some people don’t know what the limits of cellphone use are.
For me, it’s just a matter of education, good manners, and common sense. If I go to a beautiful place, it is because I want to enjoy nature. I can do it, but without bothering (打扰) other people.
Nowadays, that’s the biggest problem. People disturb other people, first with the ringing of their cellphones and then with their conversations because they usually speak very loudly. Not everybody in a public place should have to listen to private conversations (私人谈话). Even more annoying, you hear just one part of the conversation.
People need to learn how to use cellphones correctly. If there is an emergency (紧急情况)，cellphones are acceptable, but remember that just a few years ago few people had cellphones and the whole society survived!
But again, not everybody wants to listen to other people’s private conversations. It’s like smoking. People don’t want to be bothered by smokers. Our society has to learn to respect other people.
Sometimes when you are talking to someone, that person interrupts the conversation because of a cellphone call, without saying “I’m sorry.” That is bad manners. They don’t know how to respect other people. It’s just common sense! But our society is sometimes so “common senseless!” So, we have to write some rules to prohibit（禁止）cellphone use in some places.
【小题1】What could be the best title for the passage?
| A．Cellphone Manners Are a Must | B．How to Use Cellphones |
| C．Don’t Disturb Others | D．The Popularity (流行) of Cellphones |
| A．People are disturbed by those who use cellphones. |
| B．People can’t hear the other part of the conversation. |
| C．Private conversations are carried out on cellphones. |
| D．Not everyone uses a cellphone in public places. |
| A．smoking also does harm to other people’s health |
| B．people don’t want to listen to others talk |
| C．people don’t want to be bothered by cellphone talkers |
| D．some people don’t want others to smoke |
| A．If we interrupt the conversation with a cellphone call, we should say sorry. |
| B．Some of the cellphone users don’t have good manners. |
| C．Before using cellphones, we must know how to respect others. |
| D．People who use cellphones are not interested in beautiful scenery at all. |
There are two types of people in the world．Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable．This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds．
The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, and the fine weather．
They enjoy all the cheerful things．Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things．Therefore, they are continually discontented （不满意的） ．By their remarks, they soar （提升） the pleasures of society, offend （冒犯 ） many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere．If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied．
The tendency to criticize and be disgusted （厌恶） is perhaps taken up originally by imitation． It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors．The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes．I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit．
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck．Those people offend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that．This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments．If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success．Nor will anyone speak a word to favor their hopes．If they bring on themselves public disapproval, no one will defend or excuse them．
These people should change this bad habit．If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them．
Title: Two Types of People
| Although they are both healthy and wealthy and they live a 【小题1】 life, they have different attitudes. | |
| Reasons | The different ways that they 【小题2】anything and anyone. The result【小题3】their minds. |
| Characteristics of two types of people | The people to be happy think 【小题4】of anything and anyone and they are optimistic. On the【小题5】，the people lo be unhappy are pessimistic (悲观的）. |
| 【小题6】 towards the people to be unhappy | If they attempt to _【小题7】_ some advantage in rank or fortune, they will not be favored. If they make themselves【小题8】in public, they will not be defended or _【小题9】_. |
| Conclusion | The people to be unhappy should change this bad habit, 【小题10】others will avoid any contact with them. |