Question

You’re out to dinner. The food is delicious and the service is fine. You decide to leave a big fat tip. Why? The answer may not be as simple as you think.
Tipping, psychologists have found, is not just about service. Instead, studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiter’s choice of words to how they carry themselves while taking orders to the bill’s total.
“Studies before have shown that mimicry (模仿) brings into positive feelings for the mimicker,” wrote Rick van Baaren, a social psychology professor. “These studies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimics them.”
So Rick van Baren divided 59 waiters into two groups. He requested that half serve with a phrase such as, “Coming up!” Those in the other half were instructed to repeat the orders and preferences back to the customers. Rick van Baaren then compared their take-home(实得收入). The results were clear---it pays to mimic your customer. The copycat waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.
Leonard Green and Joel Myerson, psychologists at Washington University in St. Louis, found the generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill. After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters, cab drivers, hair stylists, they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers’ bills went up.
“That’s also a point of tipping,” Green says. “You have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pick you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you. If they weren’t there you’d never get any service. So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there.”
【小题1】According to the passage, a customer gives the cab driver a tip for ____.

A．driver’s politeness

B．being there

C．driver’s attitudes

D．driver’s mimicry

【小题2】According to the passage, which of the following will be likely to show the right change of the tip percentages for the three areas researched?

【小题3】According to the passage, we know the writer seems to _________.

A．oppose Mr. Green’s idea about tipping

B．support the opinions of Mr. Green and Rick van Baaren about tipping

C．give his generous tip to the waiters very often

D．think part of Mr. Green’s explanation is reasonable

Answer 1

【小题1】B
【小题2】D
【小题3】B

解析试题分析：
【小题1】这是一道细节题。根据You have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pick you up可以判断答案为B
【小题2】这是一道细节题。根据they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers’ bills went up. 他们发现随着顾客账单的增加，这三个区的小费却小降，故选D
【小题3】这是一道推断判断题。从全文可以看出作者没有表达出不赞成Mr. Green and Rick van Baaren的观点，故选B
考点：本篇是社会调查类的文章。
点评：本文通过调查研究发现付小费受到一系列心理因素的影响。对于文章中的细节题，要注意文章中的细节的理解。推断题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。