题目内容
The reasons for a person’s becoming an alcoholic have often been debated by psychologists and other scientists. But recent studies suggest that the problem of alcoholism(酒精中毒) should also be the focus of investigation by biologists.
While such things as hard jobs, boredom, and unhappiness can lead to alcoholism, researchers at a prominent university have found that there may also be a genetic factor involved in alcoholism. In the study, children of alcoholic parents were surveyed. The result showed that the children of alcoholic parents were more likely to become alcoholics themselves than were children of non-drinking parents.
This evidence in itself is not conclusive（令人确信的）about anything. After all, it may be the constant exposure（接触）and easy access to alcohol that cause the children of alcoholics to become alcoholics themselves. But there is more evidence. The study found that children born of alcoholic parents but raised by non-drinking foster（抚养的）parents also were susceptible to alcoholism. This group of offspring（后代）was more likely to take up drinking than youngsters who were born of and raised by non-drinking parents.
Other evidence found in the study suggests that environment does not play as important a role in the development of alcoholism as had been previously thought. The study found that the likelihood of alcoholism was better predicted from the characteristics of the parents than from such environmental characteristics as type of job or level of income.
1．What is the main point of the passage?
A．To describe the environment in the development of alcoholism.
B．To study the psychological factor in the development of alcoholism.
C．To describe how the children of alcoholic parents become alcoholics themselves
D．To describe the close link between genetic make-up and alcoholism.
2．According to the passage, what can bring about alcoholism?
A．Biologists’ investigation. B．Non-drinking parents.
C．Hard jobs, boredom and unhappiness. D．Foster parents’ raising.
3．According to the findings of the study, who would be the most likely to become an alcoholic?
A．A person who had a hard job.
B．A person who was born of alcoholic parents.
C．A person who was raised by drinking foster parents.
D．A person who was born of and raised by non-drinking parents.
4．According to the passage, what should the problem of alcoholism be treated as?
A．A psychological problem.
B．An environmental problem.
C．A biological problem.
D．An educational problem.
DCBC
备战中考寒假系列答案A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species
The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant and African savanna elephant
Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石)，mammoths and mastodons， the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.
The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephants and the African forest elephants have been distinct spec
ies for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.
There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.
Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species despite the elephants’ significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However, the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.
Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the department of Animal Sciences at the University of Minois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purpose. Since 1950 all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先)for conservation purpose .”
【小题1】One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________.
| A．the Asian elephant | B．the forest elephant |
| C．the savanna elephant | D．the mastodon elephant |
| A．evolution | B．exhibition | C．separation | D．examination |
| A．DNA | B．height | C．weight | D．population |
| A．The conservation of African elephants. |
| B．The purpose of studying African elephants |
| C．The way to divide African elephants into two units |
| D．The reason for the distinction of African elephants |
| A．Naturalist’s Belief about Elephants. |
| B．Amazing Experiment about Elephants |
| C．An Unexpected Finding about Elephants |
| D．A Long scientific Debate about Elephants |
The expression “keeping up with the Joneses” was first used in 1913 by a young American Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself: he began earning $125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. Young Momand was very proud of his riches. He got married and moved with his wife to Long Island, outside New York City.
But just moving there was not enough. For when Momand and his wife saw that their neighbors belonged to a country club they too joined a club. And when he saw that rich people were expected to ride horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave grand parties for their new neighbors.
It was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up. Momand and his wife could not do that.
The race ended for them when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an inexpensive New York City apartment.
Momand later said that his experience had been a cruel awakening for him. However, he was able to see the funny side of it. He looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with their neighbors.
He decided that this would make good stories for many papers across the country. He called it “Keeping up with the Joneses”, because “Jones” is a very common American name. “Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with the people around you. Momand’s stories appeared in different newspapers for over 28 years.
People never seem to tire of keeping up with the Joneses. That is one reason why they read the “right” books, go to the “right” universities and eat in the “right” restaurants. But no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead.
【小题1】The writer of this passage means to tell us ___________.
| A．what Arthur Momand did to keep up with his neighbors |
| B．how the expression “keep up with the Joneses” came into being |
| C．what we should do to keep up with our neighbors |
| D．how we can live differently from others |
| A．he wanted to live in a rich neighborhood |
| B．there was a country club for him to join |
| C．it was outside the city and good for horseback riding |
| D．his wife came from that area |
| A．it was just a suitable place for the horse race |
| B．Momand and his wife kept themselves busy |
| C．Momand’s neighbors also gave parties one after another |
| D．Momand tried to compete with their neighbors in his way of life |
| A．he moved back to a cheap place |
| B．he was not alone in keeping up with his neighbors |
| C．he made a mistake in following other people’s examples |
| D．he cared too much about what others thought of him |
| A．Momand earned a lot of money when he got married |
| B．Momand was always very interested in riding horses |
| C．Momand found there was something wrong with his way of life |
| D．Momand wrote stories for newspapers about himself and his neighbors |
Why should I teach my children history? That sounds like a stupid question to even ask. But, as I hear different home schooling teachers discuss history, I get the idea that there may be different reasons for teaching history. Let me briefly explain the three good reasons for studying history and two bad reasons for studying history.
The major reason I see for studying history is that we can learn from the past. I am convinced that the world would be a much better place if more people understood the successes and failures of the past and the things that made these successes and failures. However, as the unfortunately true statement goes "the one thing we seem to learn from history is that we don't seem to learn from history." Perhaps at least in teaching history, to my children I can do a small part in changing this.
A second major reason for studying history is that it is hard to understand the current political climate in the absence of an understanding of its historical context. We can not even understand why we are and where we are without history, much less (更不必说) try to figure out where we are going or how we should get where we want to be.
I teach my children history, for one more reason. I purchased a set of historical audio (录音机) tapes for our children. My seven-year-old son listened to them over and over. It was my hope that he would become inspired by the accomplishments of people like the Wright brothers to accomplish things by himself. I think that it is good that we celebrate the accomplishments of people like Martin Luther King Jr. if, in doing so, young people are called on to stand for the principles that he stood for and accomplish what he accomplished. I also think that by studying people like Adolph Hitler, people can learn to stand against the things that he stood for.
【小题1】The main purpose of this passage is to __________.
| A．instruct the parents how to teach their children history |
| B．show the importance of history in politics |
| C．explain the reasons why children study history |
| D．introduce the writer’s own way of teaching history |
| A．One can learn from history in order not to make the same mistakes. |
| B．It can help us to understand the current political climate. |
| C．Without history, one can be nothing but a fool in every aspect. |
| D．One can know the principle of doing something and not doing something. |
| A．people can be inspired to do good, while also learning to fight against evil |
| B．people may also learn from bad historical figures |
| C．more celebrations should be held to honor their achievements |
| D．today’s people can also achieve what they achieved |
| A．How to teach history effectively. |
| B．Some negative reasons for studying history. |
| C．How to get more people to study history. |
| D．Some bad historical figures. |