题目内容

 The further falling of the stock market as reported today has ________ a fresh wave of selling.

A．given off       B．set off                  C．put off        D．got off

B

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In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, ______.

A．our holiday will be better
B．our holiday will be the better
C．the better our holiday will be
D．the better will our holiday be

The basics of infrastructure design

It is rightly pointed out various intellectuals that the lifestyle of today is vastly different from that of the earlier times especially in terms of its pace. Lifestyle of today is remarkably fast paced and so in order to catch up with such a pace of life, the adoption of smart and time saving methods is of real significance. Well, the highways have certainly contributed in this direction and have made our lives a lot easier. Thanks to the modern flyovers and expressways, a single route can be accessed by twice the number of vehicles at the same time.

These facilities and supplies have made our lives double free but it needs to be realized that designing and constructing it is a very complex and a long process. You have to hold fast to the various rules of designing, government standards and most importantly, their safety and usability for the people. In the end it is a joint effort of a number of skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians. The material that is used in the construction is finalized after it undergoes certain tests for evaluating their qualities like hardness, roughness, thickness and all that is required. 

Some of the points you have to take care of while laying an infrastructure design are as follows:

The basic layout (布局) of the road — At this level of planning, various civil engineers have meetings to figure out the basic requirements of the road like thickness of the asphalt (沥青), the size of lanes, distance to be covered, degree of curves and much more. These fundamental points help them decide the further line of action.

The prior steps — Before any work is stated over the basic plan layout, there are various preparations to be made like placing road signs, the removal of trees that may prove to be dangerous in the event of a storm or other natural causes, the positioning of fire hydrants (消防栓) based on special designs to be useful when required, etc.

Inclusion of safety barriers — The safety barriers are placed on almost all roads and highways that are made over or near to rivers and cliffs. These barriers keep the vehicles from moving into the traffic in instances of accidents. These should also be designed in advance of placing them on a road and the design should be such that it makes minimum impact upon the people sitting in the car. These include supplies like side rails and light poles.

Asphalt pavement marking — It is the process of using a reflective material to indicate various important points on the road like lanes, turns, passing areas, two way and one way roads.

Though the smooth and wide highways constructed in big cities seem to be very attractive for the drivers, the ease of use is also the cause of accidents. Cars rushing at extremely high speeds and insecure change of lanes are a common sight on the highways. With the help of novel infrastructure design engineers, we can make the best possible use of highways. If these are designed properly and sign boards are placed at the required points, a number of road accidents can be avoided.

 


The basics of infrastructure design

Reason for construction of infrastructure

Infrastructure must1._________ the demands of today’s fast-paced lifestyle.

Challenges of design and 2._________

Various rules, standards, safety and usability should be taken into careful consideration.

Skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians have to work hard

3._________.

Materials must be4._________ to ensure their qualities.

Points to follow

Various engineers meet to make sure about fundamental 5._________ of the road.

Things like 6.__________ trees that are potentially dangerous must be done before construction.

Safety barriers should be carefully7._________ before being placed to prevent accidents.

Material that can 8._________ light should be used to marks on the pavement.

Possible problems and solutions

Smooth and wide highways may 9._________accidents.

Highways should be designed properly and sign boards

10._________ at the required points.

 

 

In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, ______.

A．our holiday will be better

B．our holiday will be the better

C．the better our holiday will be

D．the better will our holiday be

 

第二节：任务型阅读（共3小题，每小题2分，满分6分）

阅读下列材料，然后按要求完成材料后面的三个小题。

Driving Rules in Winter

Winter is dangerous because it’s so difficult to know what is going to happen and accidents take place so easily. Fog(雾) can be waiting to meet you over the top of a hill. Ice might be hiding under the melting snow, waiting ahead to send you off the road. The car coming to you may suddenly slip(滑)  across the road.

Rule Number One for driving on icy roads is to drive smoothly(平稳地). Sudden movements can make a car very difficult to control. So very time you either start or stop your car, increase or reduce your speed, you must be as gentle and slow as possible. Suppose you are driving with full cup of hot coffee on the seat next to you. Drive so that you wouldn’t spill(溅) it.

Rule Number Two is to pay attention to what might happen. The more ice there is, the further down the road you have to look. Test how long it takes to gently stop your car. Remember that you may be driving more quickly than you think. Generally, allow twice of your usual stopping distance when the road is wet, three times this distance on snow and even more on ice. Try to stay in control of your car at all times and you will not get into trouble.

请根据阅读材料补全以下语句信息。（48-49题，每空一词，共4分）

48. Winter is dangerous for drivers because there may be ____  or  ____ on the road.

49. In order to drive smoothly, you must avoid _____ ______.

根据阅读材料的描述用英语完成以下任务：（共2分）

50. The passage mainly tells us ______________________________________.

 

        Each new school year brings fresh reminders of what educators call the summer learning gap．Some call it the summer learning setback Put simply, it means the longer kids are out of school，the more they forget．The only thing they might gain is weight．

Most American schools follow a tradltional nine-month calendar with winter and spring breaks and about ten weeks of summer vacation．Some schools follow a year-round calendar. They hold classes ror about eight weeks at a time，with a few weeks off in between．The National Association for Year-Round Education says there were fewer than 3,000 such schools at last count．They were spread among forty-six of the tifty states．

       But many experts point out that the number of class days in a year-round school is generally the same as in a traditional school．Brenda McLaugblin is research director at the National Center for Summer Learning at Johns Hopkins University．She says studies of year-round schooling have not found strong learning gains．Lead researcher Paul von Hippel said，“Year-round schools don’t really solve the problem of the summer learning setback．They simply spread it out across the year．”

       Across the country, research shows that students from poor families fall farther behind over the summler than other students．Experts say this can be prevented．They note that many schools and local governments offer programs that can help．

       But calling them“summer school”could be a problem．The director of the summer learning center at Johns Hopkins, Ron Fairchild, said research with groups of different parents in Chicago and Baltimore found that almost all strongly disliked the term“summer school”．In American culture，the idea of summer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood．The parents welcomed other terms like“summer camp。”“extra time”and“hands-on learning．”

1.According to the first paragraph，the summer learning gap     

       A．helps children to gain weight                          

B．leads children to work harder

       C．improves children’s memories                           

D．affects children’s regular studies

2.Compared to traditional schools，students in the year-round ones      ．

       A．perform better and have more learning gains

        B．have much less time for relaxation every year

       C．have generally the same number of class days

       D．hold more classes with more free weeks off

3.Which of the following statements is true?

       A．Students from poor families often fall behind after the vacation．

       B．Year-round schools can solve the problem of the learning gap

       C．There are schools in each state following a year-round calendar

       D．Nothing can help the students who fall behind after the vacation．

4.Why did almost all parents dislike the term“summer school”?

        A．They are worried about the quailty of the“summer school”

        B．They cherish the children’s rights of freedom very much．

       C．They want their children to be forced to make up the gap．

       D．They can’t afford to the further study during the vacation．

5.What would be the best title of this passage?

       A．Opening Summer Camps                                

B．Forbidding Summer Schools

       C．Minding the Summer Learning Gap              

D．Reforming Year-Round Education

 

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