The entire cost of South-to-North project will be more than that of the Three Gorges project, which is expected to cost below US $22 billion.A．doubleB．twice as many asC．twice thanD．as much as twic 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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24. The entire cost of South-to-North project will be more than ___ that of the Three Gorges project, which is expected to cost below US $22 billion.

A．double

B．twice as many as

C．twice than

D．as much as twice

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To the Editor,

I have been reading your newspaper, the Hometown Gazette, for the past two years, ever since I moved to Smithville. We moved here from New York City, so I am accustomed(习惯的) to reading excellent newspapers such as The New York Times . In fact, we still have the Times delivered on Sundays. The entire family enjoys reading the recipes（食谱） in the magazine, as well as the Styles section.

The Times is great, but the Gazette is another story. I’ve never read an article that doesn’t contain at least three or four spelling or grammatical errors. For instance, in last week’s issue you misspelled the word “secretary”, used a singular verb with a plural noun, and used “it’s” as a possessive (所有格). And that was just in the lead story! In case you never went to elementary school, “it’s” means “it is ”.It’s also a possessive adjective!

It’s a pity that this tiny little hick(乡下) town has only one newspaper, because I’d like to have an alternative(替换物) to the rag you publish. I find it hard to believe your news stories. If you can’t spell correctly. How can you get your facts right?

I’ve been meaning to get this off my chest for some time. Please cancel my subscription(订阅). And buy yourself a dictionary.

Sincerely,

Jane Z, Jones

Which phrase from the passage shows the writer’s prejudice(偏见)?

A. get this off my chest

B. three or four spelling or grammatical errors

C. tiny little hick town

D. reading the recipes in the magazine

The author’s tone in this passage can best be described as

A. happy B. angry C. sympathetic(同情的) D. objective

Which statement of the following is not true according to the passage?

A. The writer once lived in New York City, so he was used to reading the Times.

B. The entire family enjoys reading the Styles section in the mafazine.

C. The writer has long been planning to express his dissatisfaction with the local newspaper

D. It is obvious that the editors of the newspaper are not very careful about their work.

How can you find out what is going on inside a person' s body without opening the patient up? Regular X-rays can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can give three-dimensional(三维) view of body organs(器官).

What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for Computerized Axial Tomography(层面X线照相术). It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360 - degree picture of a small area of a patient's body.

Doctors use X-rays to study and examine diseases and injuries within the body. X-rays can find foreign objects inside the body or to take pictures of some organs inside if special things as dyes or special liquids are added to the organs to be X-rayed.

A CAT scanner, however, uses a beam(光束) of X-rays to give a cross-sectional view of a particular part of the body. A fine beam of X-rays is scanned across the body and circled around the patient from many different angles(角度). A computer analyzes(分析) the information from each angle and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on the screen. This picture is then photographed for later use. Several cross-sections, taken one after another, can give a clear "photo" of the entire body or of any body organs. The newest CAT scanners can even give a clear picture of active, moving organs just as a fast-action camera can "stop the action" giving clear pictures of what appear only mistily(模糊) to the eye. And because of the 360 - degree pictures, CAT scans show 3-dimensional views of organs in a manner that was once only seen during surgery or autopsy (examining a dead body).

According to the first two paragraphs, doctors can see the inside of a patient's body by ______.

A. giving the patient an operation

B. checking body organs

C. getting a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient's body

D. examining the CAT

From the last paragraph, we can infer that ______.

A. the newest pictures become more misty

B. many pictures can be taken at the same time

C. the information about the scanned patient is not highly valued

D. some pictures of the scanned parts of the body are developed for further examinations in the future

The best title of this passage might be ______.

A. Modern X-ray B. Three-dimensional View

C. Fast - moving Camera D. CAT Scan

Amazing Rafting Adventures

White water rafting is one of the classic, wild, activities in the outdoors. It is also an opportunity for an unbelievable family adventure. Around the country, there are several rivers—and rafting outfitters—that are perfectly suited to the entire family.

Here are three of the best:

New River Gorge, West Virginia

Rafting in West Virginia is renowned for its established infrastructure, reliability, and easy access. These things make it an obvious choice for a family vacation. Famous areas, including the New River Gorge, offer everything from lazy floats to intense Class IV runs.

READ MORE: Water Water Rafting: Top 5 U.S. Locations

Jackson Hole, Wyoming

Jackson Hole provides a full range of opportunities in the outdoors—and white water rafting is certainly one of them. Popular trips include the rough rapids of the Snake River and gentle floats in nearby Yellowstone National Park.

READ MORE: What You Need to Know Before Visiting Yellowstone National Park

Grand Canyon, Arizona

For really bold families, a multi-day trip down the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon is the penultimate adventure. Guided trips typically pack in boats-worth of supplies so the overnight adventures are far from “roughing it.” Instead, evenings are catered in a rugged luxury style, allowing everyone to rest up for the next day’s activities.

Whether looking for a casual float or a challenging adventure, white water rafting is a great option for any active family vacation.

1.What is the common feature of the three rafting adventures?

A. All three rafting rivers are suitable for the whole family.

B. All three rafting rivers are boring to access and reliable

C. All three rafting rivers are suitable for active families

D. All three rafting rivers offer overnight adventures

2.Which of the following about Grand Canyon, Arizona is NOT true?

A. A multi-day trip down the Colorado River is really challenging.

B. Really brave families will like to have a multi-day trip down the river

C. Everyone can rest for the next day’s activities.

D. People can only enjoy the rough rapids down the river

3.What is the author’s attitude to white water rafting?

A. Passive B. Encouraging C. Discouraging D. Negative

Going back to school is a very exciting event for my two boys. It means getting new school bags and books, and seeing friends again after the summer holiday.

My oldest son, 9-year-old Salem, asked me several times where we would go to buy a backpack, while my other son, 6-year-old Abdullah, asked what school would be like this year.

For the last three years, school was a nightmare for many children and their parents as violence increased and there were more attacks on schools and teachers. As a result, many parents prevented their children from going to school. One of six children in this country did not attend primary school in 2009. Many kids who did attend school were accompanied by a parent for the entire day to make sure nothing happened to their children.

For poor families or those with large families, back to school can be an expensive time. The government gives some help to those living in poor neighborhoods, and school bags, note books and other items(商品) are given for free.

Most of the merchants who sell notebooks and pens now sell their products out on the street instead of in stores. They sit on the ground and lay their items on the ground or they have a small table to sell their goods.

The bags cost between $10 and $20, while clothes and shoes cost between $20 and $30. I found all the things I needed for my sons and even bought something for myself. I spent about $50 on each of them, including school uniforms.

At the end of the day, we returned to our home carrying many shopping bags filled with items that made my children happy and excited to go back to school. I just hope this school year will be a peaceful one.

1.The author’s children are ________ to go to school.

A．eager B．afraid C．unwilling D．surprised

2.The underlined word “nightmare” is the closest in meaning to ________.

A．fantasy B．dream world C．prison D．terrible situation

3.Many children are not going to school mainly because of ________.

A．the terrible education system B．security problems and poverty

C．parents’ distrust in schools D．the government’s inability

4.As a parent, the author ________.

A．is unable to afford his kids’ schooling B．is unwilling to send his kids to school

C．hopes his kids have a happy school life D．complains school education costs too much

5.Which of the following statement is NOT true?

A．Many parents prevented their children from going to school for great study pressure.

B．School bags, note books and other items(商品) are given to those living in poor neighborhoods for free.

C．The author spent about $100 for her two sons.

D．The items the author bought made her children happy and excited to go back to school.

Researchers at Sweden’s KTH Royal Institute of Technology say they have found further proof that the wolf ancestors of today’s dogs can be from southern East Asia -- findings that are contrary to theories placing the birth place in the Middle East. Dr Peter Savolainen, KTH researcher in evolutionary genetics, says a new study released Nov. 23 confirms that an Asian region south of the Yangtze River was the principal and probably the only region where wolves were domesticated（驯化）by humans.

Research data show clearly that dogs are descended from wolves, but there’s never been scientific agreement on where in the world the domestication process began. “Our analysis of Y-chromosomal（染色体）DNA now confirms that wolves were first domesticated in Asia south of Yangtze River -- we call it the ASY region -- in southern China or Southeast Asia,” Savolainen says.

The Y data supports previous evidence from mitochondrial（线粒体）DNA. “Taken together, the two studies provide very strong evidence that dogs appeared first in the ASY region,” Savolainen says.

Archaeological data and a genetic study recently published in Nature suggest that dogs originate from the Middle East. But Savolainen rejects that view. “Because none of these studies included samples from the ASY region, evidence from ASY has been overlooked,” he says.

Peter Savolainen and PhD student Mattias Oskarsson worked with Chinese colleagues to analyse DNA from male dogs around the world. Their study was published in the scientific journal Heredity.

Approximately half of the gene pool was universally shared everywhere in the world, while only the ASY region had the entire range of genetic diversity. “This shows that gene pools in all other regions of the world most probably originate from the ASY region,” Savolainen says.

“Our results confirm that Asia south of the Yangtze River was the most important -- and probably the only -- region for wolf domestication, and that a large number of wolves were domesticated,” says Savolainen.

In separate research published recently in Ecology and Evolution, Savolainen, PhD student Arman Ardalan and Iranian and Turkish scientists conducted a comprehensive study of mitochondrial DNA, with a particular focus on the Middle East. Because mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother in most species, it is especially useful in studying evolutionary relationships.

“Since other studies have indicated that wolves were domesticated in the Middle East, we wanted to be sure nothing had been missed. We find no signs whatsoever that dogs originated there,” says Savolainen.

In their studies, the researchers also found minor genetic contributions from crossbreeding between dogs and wolves in other geographic regions, including the Middle East.

“This subsequent dog/wolf hybridisation（混合淡化技术）contributed only modestly to the dog gene pool,” Savolainen explains.

1.What does Dr. Peter Savolainen believe?

A. Dogs’ ancestors came from the Middle East.

B. Wolves were probably first trained to work for humans in the ASY region.

C. Analysis of Y-chromosomal DNA should be combined with mitochondrial DNA.

D. Samples of the previous studies are enough to support the conclusion.

2.We can learn from the passage that _______.

A．there is a universal agreement on the place of first domestication

B．data from ASY may highlight where dogs came from

C．Dr. Savolainen’s research mainly focuses on the Middle East

D．the dog/wolf hybridization makes up most of the dog gene pool

3.What is special about mitochondrial DNA?

A．It is only used in studying evolutionary relationships.

B．It alone can provide hard evidence for Savolainen’s research.

C．It is the most useful in finding out the birth place of dogs.

D．It comes from the mother of most animals and plants.

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