题目内容

The culture and customs of America are more like ________ of England than of any other country．

A.
that
B.
this
C.
what
D.
those

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Introduction:

Speaking English is not only about using proper grammar. To use English effectively, you

need to understand the culture in which it is spoken. Here are a number of important tips to

remember when speaking English in the United States.

General Points to Remember

Most Americans only speak English.

While it is true that more and more Americans

speak Spanish, most Americans only speak

English. Don't expect them to understand

your native language.

Americans have difficulty understanding

foreign accents. Many Americans are not used

to foreign accents. This requires patience from

both of you! Conversation Tips

Speak about location.

Talk about work. Americans commonly

ask "What do you do?" It's not considered

impolite（as in some countries）and is a

popular topic of discussion between strangers.

Talk about sports.

Be careful when expressing ideas about

race, religion or other sensitive topics.

Addressing People

Use last names with people you do not

know.

Always use “Ms.” when addressing

women.

Many Americans prefer first names.

Americans prefer informal greetings and

using first names or nicknames when speaking

with colleagues and acquaintances. Public Behavior

Always shake hands.

Look your partner in the eye.

Don't hold hands: Same sex friends do

not usually hold hands or put their arms

around each other in public in the United

States.

1."When speaking to a stranger, ask them where they are from and then make a connection with that place”can be used as a supporting sentence to _____.

A．talk about sports B．address people

C．talk about work D．speak about location

2.If you are introduced to a woman called Pearl S. Buck, how should you address her usually?

A．What are you doing, Madam Buck?

B．How do you do, Ms. Buck?

C．How are you doing, Mrs. Pearl?

D．How are you, Miss Pearl S.?

3.The underlined word “acquaintance” in the table may probably mean______.

A．things that are precious

B．foreigners that you can talk to

C．persons who you are familiar with

D．languages that you can speak

4.We can infer from the text that ______.

A．smoking is allowed in public in the modern United States

B．different sex friends should hold hands during the first meeting

C．when you speak to others, it's polite not to look into their eyes

D．Americans shake hands when greeting the same sex friends

Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures. They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions—mistaken ideas.

One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s own culture’s way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures. It’s ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business. To avoid ethnocentrism, it’s necessary to study the different elements（组成部分）of culture: language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners.

Language

A. knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways. First, people can communicate directly. Second, people are usually more open in their communication with someone who speaks their language. Third, an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not said directly. Finally, knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.

Values are people’s basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong, good and bad . An attitude is a way of thinking or acting. Values and attitudes influence international business. For example, many people in the United States believe that chocolate from Switzerland is better than chocolate from other countries, and they buy a lot of it.

Customs and manners

Customs are common social practices. Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite. For example, in the United States, it is the custom to have salad before the main course at dinner, not after. It’s not acceptable to talk with food in mouth at table. Failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products. Orange juice as a breakfast drink of an American company in France doesn’t sell well because the French don’t usually drink juice with breakfast.

1.A. knowledge of the local language allows international business people _________.

A. to be more open with their customers

B. to have a better idea of their own culture

C. to express their thoughts indirectly

D. to communicate without outside help

2.The act of many people buying chocolate of Switzerland shows the role of ________.

A．attitudes B．values C．manners D．customs

3.What would be the best title for the text?

A．Misconceptions in Business

B．Basic Beliefs in Business

C．International Business Culture

D．Successful International Business

4.The author’s purpose of writing this article is to tell people ___________

A．how to take a right attitude in business

B．how to avoid misunderstandings in business

C．how to use a local language in business

D．how to act politely and properly in business

BELJLNG-Eating at a Beijing restaurant is usually an adventure for foreigners, and particularly when they get the chance to order “chicken without sex life” or “red burned lion head”.

Sometimes excited but mostly confused, embarrassed or even terrified, many foreigners have long complained about mistranslations of Chinese dishes. And their complaints are often valid, but such an experience at Beijing’s restaurants will apparently soon be history.

Foreign visitors will no longer, hopefully, be confused by oddly worded restaurant menus in the capital if the government’s plan to correctly translate 3,000 Chinese dishes is a success and the translations are generally adopted.

The municipal（市政）office of foreign affairs has published a book to recommend English translations of Chinese dishes, which aims to help restaurants avoid bizarre translations. It provides the names of main dishes of famous Chinese cuisines in plain English, “an official with the city’s Foreign Affairs office said .” Restaurants are encouraged to use the proposed translations, but it will not be compulsory .“ It’s the city’s latest effort to bridge the culture gap for foreign travelers in China.

Coming up with precise translations is a daunting task, as some Chinese culinary techniques are untranslatable and many Chinese dishes have no English-language equivalent.The translators, after conducting a study of Chinese restaurants in English-speaking countries, divided the dish names into four categories: ingredients, cooking method, taste and name of a person or a place. For some traditional dishes, pinyin, the Chinese phonetic system, is used, such as mapo tofu(previously often literally translated as “beancurd made by woman with freckles”), baozi(steamed stuffed bun ) and jiaozi (dumplings) to “reflect the Chinese cuisine culture,” according to the book.

“The book is a blessing to tourist guides like me. Having it, I don’t have to rack my brains trying to explain Chinese dishes to foreign travellers,” said Zheng Xiaodong, a 31- year – old employe with a Beijing- based travel agency.

“I will buy the book as I major in English literature and I’d like to introduce Chinese cuisine culture to more foreign friends,” said Han Yang, a postgraduate student at the University of International Business and Economics.

It is not clear if the book will be introduced to other parts of China. But on Tuesday, this was the most discussed topic on weibo. com, China’s most popular microblogging site.

1. What’s the best title of the passage?

A．An adventure for foreigners who eat in Beijing.

B．Confusing mistranslations of Chinese dishes

C．Chinese dishes to have “official” English names

D．The effort to bridge the culture gap

2. “chicken without sex life” or “red burned lion head” are mentioned in the beginning of the passage to show .

A．some Chinese dishes are not well received

B．some Chinese dishes are hard to translate

C．some Chinese dishes are mistranslated

D．some Chinese dishes are not acceptable

3. What measure has the municipal office taken?

A．Recommending a book on Chinese dishes

B．Advocating using precise translation for Chinese dishes

C．Publishing a book on China’s dietary habits

D．Providing the names of main Chinese dishes

4. What’s the meaning of daunting in paragraph 5?

A．confusing

B．disappointing

C．discouraging

D．worthwhile

5. What’s the attitude of most people to the book according to the passage?

A．not clear

B．excited

C．favorable

D．divided

People who have studied ancient instruments are hoping to learn more about the culture that ______ this ancient flute.

A．produce B．produced C．is producing D．was produced

American cities are similar to other cities around the world. In every country cities reflect the values of the culture. Cities contain the very best aspects of a society: opportunities for education employment and entertainment. They also contain the very worst parts of a society: violent crime, racial(种族) conflict and poverty. American cities are changing just as American society is changing. 　　

After World War II city residents became wealthier. They had more children. They needed more space. They move out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs areas near a city where people live. These are areas without many offices or factories. During the 1950s the American “dream” was to have a house in the suburbs.

　　Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in 1950s are now adults. They unlike their parents want to live in the cities. Many young professionals, doctors, lawyers and executives(主管人员) are moving back into the city. Many are single; others are married but often without children. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; they are afraid of the fuel shortage; or they just enjoy the excitement and opportunities which the city offers.

This population shift(转变) is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.

Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is for sure：many dying cities are alive again.

1. What does the author think of cities all over the world?

A. They are alive. B. They are hopeless.

C. They are similar D. They are different.

2.Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War II?

A. Because older American cities were dying.

B. Because they were richer and needed more space.

C. Because cities contained the worst parts of society.

D. Because they could hardly afford to live in the city.

3. According to the 4^th paragraph, a great many poor people in American cities ___________.

A. are faced with housing problems

B. are faced to move to the suburbs

C. want to sell their buildings

D. need more money for daily expenses

4. We can conclude from the text that ____________.

A. American cities are changing for the worse

B. people have different views on American cities

C. many people are now moving from American cities

D. the population is decreasing in older American cities

The culture and customs of America are more like ________ of England than of any other country．

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