B A powerful earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale shook Haiti on Tuesday, causing several buildings to collapse in the Western hemisphere's poorest nation and leading to an unknown number of 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

A powerful earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale shook Haiti on Tuesday, causing several buildings to collapse in the Western hemisphere's poorest nation and leading to an unknown number of fatalities（死亡）, officials and witnesses said.

The earthquake was centered just 10 miles southwest of the crowded and impoverished（贫困的）capital of Port-au-Prince（太子港）.Making matters worse, the earthquake was relatively shallow, at a depth of five miles, the U.S. Geological Survey said Shallow earthquakes can cause more damage.

“I think it's really a huge catastrophe,” Haiti's ambassador to the U.S., Raymond Alcide Joseph, told Cable News Network.

An Associated Press（美联社）videographer saw the ruins of a hospital in Petionville, near Port-au-Prince. Reuters（路透社）news agency said several buildings had crumbled in the capital and that there were dead and injured trapped in the rubble.

At least 1.8 million people live within the area where the earthquake had its highest intensity, John Bellini, a geophysicist at the USGS, told The Wall Street Journal. “With a strong and shallow earthquake like this in such a populated area, it could really cause substantial damage.” he said.

“The quake was the most powerful to hit Haiti since at least 1770. This isn't normally an earthquake-prone（地震频发）area.” Mr. Bellini added.

Within minutes of the original quake, two aftershocks rolled through the area, measuring 5.9 and 5.5 on the Richter scale.

60. The main purpose of this passage is to ________.

A. tell people some disasters are very dangerous.

B. introduce some common sense of natural disasters.

C. appeal to readers for help, love and support.

D. present some information of Haiti’s earthquake this year.

61.What can we learn from John Bellini’s words?

A. The earthquake which took place in Port-au-Prince was strong and shallow.

B. Thanks to the shallow earthquake, it did little damage to Port-au-Prince.

C. Earthquakes occur frequently in the area of Port-au-Prince,capital of Haiti.

D. At least 1770 people lost their lives in the earthquake.

62. The underlined word catastrophe is closest in meaning to __________.

A. problem B. disaster C. phenomenon D. news

63. How many earthquakes of Haiti are mentioned in this article?

A. None. B. One C. Two. D. At least three.

【答案】

60---63 DABD

【解析】略

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All of us have felt pain, which can take complete control of our body and mind, making it impossible to move and even to think. Yet we need pain, without which we wouldn't know if we have hurt ourselves. It is our body's warning system, which tells us that we are injured and should do something about it.

Pain is the most common reason we go to a doctor or other healer. It is the most common reason we take medicine. Until recently, however, most doctors knew of only a few drugs that stopped some pains. They knew little about the process of pain itself, about which, however, new knowledge is helping them learn to control pain better.

Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals, which travel from nerve cells (神经细胞) in the injured area, up the central nervous system to the brain. And back down again. Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds of pain message to the brain, one very fast, and the other slow.

The first message is warning signal, which moves at a speed of 30 meters a second, and which travels to the middle part of the brain, and then to the outer part. In less than a second, the brain understands what part of our body is hurt and how badly it is injured. At a speed of only one meter a second moves the other message, which is the first step in the healing process, in which an important part is played by a very powerful material called prostaglandin, which are produced in almost every part of our body when needed. Scientists say prostaglandin raise and lower blood pressure, and also cause fever. When we hurt ourselves, the injured part produces a chemical that changes into prostaglandin, which cause the injured part to become red and swollen. and send the second, slower message of pain to the brain, which tells us not to use the injured part until it heals.

1．In your opinion, the word “healer” in the passage refers to someone who isn't a _____________but much like him or her.

A. nurse

B. patient

C. doctor

D. chemist

2．The English “________ ” in the passage can be translated into the Chinese “中枢神经系统”.

A. central nervous system

B. a powerful material

C. the nervous system

D. body's warning system

3．Why does the brain know very well that we have hurt ourselves, and even what part of our body is hurt and even how it is injured, in less than a second? Because as soon as we hurt ourselves the warning signals will travel at once, at a speed of________ from nerve cells in the injured areas, up our central nervous systems to the middle and then to the outer part of our brains.

A. 180 kilometers an hour

B. 180 meters a minute

C. 108 kilometers an hour

D. 108 meters a minute

4．Which of the following is true according to this passage?

A. All doctors can take complete control of pain in different ways.

B. Pain can control our body and mind completely.

C. Prostaglandin, the most common drug, is known everywhere.

D. Our injured parts can be used freely until they heal.

5．Which of the following has the same meaning as “when needed” in the passage?

A. In need of.

B. If it needs.

C. As it needed.

D. If necessary.

"Hey, don't read in the hallway. Your eyesight will be damaged." You must have heard such warnings many times. “Don’t read in poor light!” This is one of the common beliefs that are supposed to help us live a healthy life. Such beliefs are, however, without scientific basis(根据), according to a paper published recently in the British Medical Journal.

Do you believe in the following sayings?

Reading in poor light ruins your eyesight.

In poor light, you might blink (眨眼) more, suffer from drying and have trouble focusing. But most of eye experts believe it is unlikely to do any damage forever.

We must drink at least eight glasses of water a day.

In 1945, the Nutrition Council in US suggested that people need to drink 2.5 litres of water a day. But the water contained in food, particularly fruit and vegetables, as well as in milk, juice and soft drinks, also counts towards the total.

We only use 10 percent of our brains.

This idea appears as early as 1907. People have long argued about our power of self-improvement and our brains’ possible abilities. But X-rays show that no area of the brain is silent or inactive.

Shaving your legs causes hair to grow black faster and thicker.

This theory is also illusion. Studies say that shaving has no effect on the thickness or rate of hair growth. Just over time, the edge of hair gets worn away and thus the edge of long hair becomes finer (更细).

1.What does the paper say about some common beliefs?

A. They are useful knowledge in life.

B. They help us live in healthy ways.

C. They are well-known theories.

D. They do not have scientific basis.

2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ?

A. People use 90 percent of their brains.

B. Shaving your legs will give you thicker hair.

C. Reading in poor light does harm to people’s eyes.

D. People need not less than eight glasses of water a day.

3.The underlined word “illusion” in the last paragraph probably means “_________”.

A. a wrong idea B. a powerful evidence

C. an interesting story D. a clear instruction

4.This passage is most likely to be found in __________ .

A. a newspaper B. a guide book

C. a history textbook D. an advertisement

A powerful earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan at 2:46 p.m. local time on March 11th. Japan's Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami warnings just three minutes later. The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world. More than 4,000 Seismic Intensity Meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening.

There are also concrete sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline. But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami.

Costas Synolakis is a tsunami expert in the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. He says, "Japan is one of those most well-prepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning. They had a warning. I think what went wrong is that they had not foreseen the size of this event."

He says there are two reasons for this. First, scientists had not expected such a large earthquake. The 9.0 magnitude earthquake was the 4th most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide. It was also the worst ever to hit Japan. The tsunami waves reached as high as 13 meters in some areas.

Second, Japan's concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high waves. "In Sendai, they were about three meters. At least in that area they were not expecting such a sizeable wave because they would have built a higher seawall."

A tsunami wave can travel as fast as 800 kilometers per hour. To get to higher ground people would often have to travel for many kilometers. This can take more time than a fast traveling tsunami will permit. This is especially true in cases like Japan. The tsunami waves followed almost immediately. Experts say early warning systems will continue to be limited by these facts until earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted.

72. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A. Better equipment should have been used. B. A powerful earthquake hit the coast of Japan.

C. Japan can report an earthquake before it happens. D. Japan has a good earthquake early warning system.

73. According to Costas Synolakis, ________.

A. the Japanese should have built many higher seawalls

B. the Japanese were not really prepared for such a disaster

C. Japan has experienced the worst earthquake worldwide

D. Japan had the best warning of such a serious earthquake

74. According to the writer, people hadn’t got to higher ground because ________.

A. didn’t know there would be a tsunami B. tsunami didn’t leave people much time

C. they thought the seawalls were reliable D. higher ground couldn’t be reached at all

75. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. Early warning systems are basically unreliable.

B. Earthquakes and tsunamis will soon be predicted.

C. We have to accept the imperfect systems for the moment.

D. New warning systems will be designed to predict disasters.

Do you believe in the following sayings?

Reading in poor light ruins your eyesight.

In poor light, you might blink (眨眼) more, suffer from drying and have trouble focusing. But most of eye experts believe it is unlikely to do any damage forever.

We must drink at least eight glasses of water a day.

We only use 10 percent of our brains.

This idea appears as early as 1907. People have long argued about our power of self-improvement and our brains’ possible abilities. But X-rays show that no area of the brain is silent or inactive.

Shaving your legs causes hair to grow black faster and thicker.

47. What does the paper say about some common beliefs?

A. They are useful knowledge in life. B. They help us live in healthy ways.

C. They are well-known theories. D. They do not have scientific basis.

48. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ?