题目内容
Because of the financial crisis in the US and UK, college students are beginning to struggle to find ways to pay their tuition fees and accommodations．
Recently, two major US student loan lenders — Citibank and JPMorgan Chase — announced they were leaving the student loan industry altogether．Because banks currently have a lack of credit, they are reluctant to offer students low-interest loans that need a several-year wait for any return of interest．
In the US, many undergraduates top up their financial needs with a private loan, although the majority can get government-funded loans．In the 2005-2006 academic year, $17 billion in private student loans was used to finance higher education．The shortfall in private funding has yet to be covered and will hit many US students hard．
Across the Atlantic, UK students have been less troubled by the crisis．Most undergraduates in the UK cover their university expenses with government-funded loans and grants （助学金）．Their biggest concern is a sudden steep increase in student rent．
Most young professionals now rent houses, since 80 percent of UK mortgage schemes （住房抵押贷款计划） have disappeared — a direct result of the credit crisis．This has boosted the house rent market．
In large cities, UK students are paying almost 6．5 percent more in rent than the previous year．Figures from the UK organization Accommodation for Student show students in big cities such as London paying an average weekly rent of ￡103．Yet, despite students’ suffering, the number of this year’s university applications is expected to grow．During economic slumps （经济萧条时期）, people regard further education as a way to survive tough job markets．
1．According to the passage, banks are unwilling to offer students loans because ________．
A．the students are poor and sometimes they can’t pay off the debt
B．banks prefer lending the money to the young professionals
C．banks don’t have enough money left at the present time
D．they think college students are not studying hard
2．The underlined phrase “top up” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________．
A．put up B．make up C．fill up D．pick up
3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．UK college students have to pay more if they want to rent houses．
B．More UK students want to further their study in college．
C．It is not so easy for US students to loan money now．
D．College students’ tuition fees have risen greatly．
4．It can be inferred that ________．
A．there are no private student loan lenders in the UK
B．loans for US college students will be increased next year
C．private funding falls a little because of higher-interest loans in the US
D．private loans play a very important role in financing US students’ education
CCDD
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Communication Principles
How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate．“Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”．Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them．But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication．A student．for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesn’t like the fact that I don’t agree with his opinions．and that’s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class．”The teacher might say the opposite．Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person’s view is wrong．
The concept of serf originates in communication．Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others．You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you．Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are．Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process．Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people．In a more obvious way．communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share．So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self．
Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life．If you are not communicating with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior．Even if the other person did not intend a message for you．you gather observations and draw specific conclusions．A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message．A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you．A third person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently） and you believe that he is attracted to you．We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them．
More often than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement．You may have made a joke out of your rude statement．Nonetheless，your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mind．You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others．Communication cannot be reversed（倒退），nor can it be repeated．When you tried to re—create the atmosphere，the conversation，and the setting，nothing seemed right．Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results．
| Paragraph outline | Supporting Details |
| Communication begins with the self | ●People are somewhat products of others’ treatment and messages． ●we are always（71） ▲ in communication with others． |
| Communication （72） ▲ others | ●Experiences of others help children learn to accept roles． ●Messages from others help you（73） ▲ who you are． ●Needs and（74） ▲ of others should be considered． |
| Communication （75） ▲ everywhere | ●We are communicating with ourselves by thinking，planning and reacting to the outside world． ●We are always（76） ▲ other people by observing even if they do not intend any message for you． ●We are constantly collecting meanings from others’（77） ▲ ． ●We are constantly（78） ▲ meanings by what we do． |
| Communication cannot be reversed nor repeated | ●You may explain what you have done，but you cannot（79） ▲ what remains in the other person’s mind． ●Yon may redo the conversation，but you（80） ▲ achieve the same results． |