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1. The big earthquake ________________ the rescue from every corner of the country poured into/reached the scene, (when)

玉树大地震一发生,全国各地的救助就到达现场。

1.had just happened in Yushu when

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 Rising temperatures, rising sea levels and other trends are having an effect on the world's sea turtles. All female turtles come ashore at nesting beaches, dig nests in the sand,lay their eggs and then return to the sea. Erosion of nesting beaches caused by rising sea level and more intense storms adds the potential for further dangers to nesting beaches where people,dogs and rats already prey on the eggs of marine turtles.

  Climate change directly affects the reproduction of sea turtles in three ways. First, sea level rise will affect significant nesting beach areas on low-level sand beaches such as Bonaire, the Maldives and the Great Barrier Reef. Second, rising temperatures increase the chance that sand temperature will exceed the upper limit for egg incubation(姅化) ,which is 34t. Third,rising temperatures bias(使偏向) the sex ratio toward females because temperature during incubation determines the sex of the egg. Loggerhead turtle nests in Florida are already producing 90 per?cent females owing to high temperatures,and if warming raises temperatures by an additional

or more,no males will be produced there.

  Adult feeding patterns are also affected by climate change. Sea grass beds are in decline, water temperature is higher on inter-tidal sea grass fiats, and coral reefs, typically feeding grounds for green turtles, are affected by bleaching(漂白) .

  Sea turtles have existed for more than 100 million years and have survived ice ages. As a result, they may be able to respond to unfavorable nesting temperatures, by seeking out new nesting sites. It may however take decades or centuries for sea turtles to re-establish and stabilize their habitats,and steady human development of coastal areas makes the availability of new hab?itat for them very limited.

(   ) 1. What will happen if sand temperature is higher than 34^3?

    A. More females will be born.   B. Turtle eggs will not hatch.

   C. Females will lay fewer eggs.   D. Newly-born turtles will die.

(   ) 2. In what way does climate change affect adult turtles?

    A. They can't find enough food.   B. They have lost their habitat.

   C. Their feeding patterns are affected.   D. Their living habits are changed. 

(   ) 3. What can we learn about Loggerhead turtle nests in Florida?

    A. They already have an imbalanced sex ratio.

    B.They can hardly survive the high temperature.

   C.No more males are produced now.

   D.Most of them die young.

(   ) 4. We can infer from the last paragraph that______ .

   A.human development constantly threaten the survival the of sea turtles

   B.climate change can't threaten the survival of sea turtles

   C.sea turtles can get used to cold climate

   D.it's easy for sea turtles to find new habitat

  On the packages of many energy drinks is a warning: " not suitable for anyone under the age of 18. ”But few young teens' pay attention to the warnings. They drink like a fish to lose weight and keep up energy.

  Amanda Smith,a 16-year-old junior at Lincoln High School in San Jose,California, drinks at least one Redline energy drink every day. She began a year ago to increase her energy before dance concerts or competitions. But now,Smith says, "I drink them when I feel low in energy or before a test. The drinks is addicting,I cannot help drinking it."

  Almost all energy drinks have as much sugar and three times as much caffeine(咖啡因) as other soft drinks. Lots of caffeine and sugar can cause mood disorders, lack of sleep and addic?tion,says Stanford University nutritionist(营养学家) Julie Matel.

  Health experts worry that teens are turning to energy drinks because they don't have time to sleep or eat properly.

  Seventeen-year-old senior Jonas Roubique drinks an energy drink called No Fear two or three times a week. He compares the drink to strong coffee. He explains that,after drinking No Fear, "you feel like you're on top of the world. " The problem, Roubique said,is that the ener?gy is short-lived. There is a strong 45-minute burst,but "you feel even worse afterward."

  Although Amanda Smith has learned that such drinks can harm her health, she said, "It's sad to say,but I feel like I have to depend on energy drinks to keep me going now.” 

(   ) 5. In your opinion, which of the following will be the best title of this passage?

   A.Please Drink Like a Fish

   B.Be a Wise Fish When Drinking

   C.Be Far Away from All the Drinks

   D.I,m on Top of the World

(   ) 6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? 

    A. The energy drinks are not suitable for the teens.

   B.Lots of caffeine and sugar in the drink may make the drinker addictive.

   C.There are some poisonous fish in the energy drinks.

   D.Some teens drink energy drinks when they are in low spirit. 

(   ) 7. What does the phrase "drink like a fish" in Paragraph 1 mean?

   A.The way of people drinking is the same as that of a fish.

   B.The energy drinks look like a big fish.

   C.The drinkers enjoy fishing after they have it.

   D.Drink quite a lot.

(   ) 8. We can infer from the passage that        .

   A.even though some teens realized the harm of drinking energy drinks,they have to live on it

   B.No Fear is a kind of strong coffee that teens enjoy very much

   C.nutritionists refuse to have comments on the energy drinks

   D.the warning on the packages of many energy drinks is always hidden

  For a writer, there is hardly any greater honour than winning the Nobel Prize for literature.

And for a woman writer,claiming the prize is even harder,for only eight women have won it since the prize was first awarded in 1901. Austria's Elfriede Jelinek is the ninth and the first since 1996.

   The Stockholm-based Swedish Academy announced last Thursday that Jelinek won this year's Nobel Prize in literature. She is recognised for her socially critical novels and plays.

Jelinek, 57,made her literary debut(首次演出) in 1967. She has written plays, novels and poetry. She is best known for her autobiographical 1983 novel "The Piano Teacher",made into a movie in 2001.

   The basic theme of her work is the inability of women to live as people beyond the roles and personalities traditionally expected of them. Her characters struggle to lead lives not normal?ly acceptable in society. "The nature of Jelinek's texts is often hard to define. They shift be?tween prose and poetry and songs,they contain theatrical scenes and film script," said the acad?emy.

   The Nobel Prize was founded by Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel. Nobel died in 1896 and left his fortune of about US $ 920 million to a fund to honour people who have helped other hu?man beings. This year each prize is worth US $ 1. 3 million. 

(   ) 5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

   A.The Noble Prize was first awarded to women scientist in 1901.

   B.Jelienk was best known for her poetry in 1967.

   C.It is the Stockholm-based Swedish Academy that announced the winner of Nobel Prize.

   D."The Piano Teacher" won the Oscar in 2001.

(   ) 6. Jelinek won this year's Nobel Prize for literature because of        .

   A.her best known novel, which was made into a movie later on

   B.the nature of her works,which is easy to understand

   C.the appreciation of her writing style and the theme of her works

   D.her plentiful production of plays, novels and poetry

(   ) 7. In her works, women struggle because they are unable to        .

   A.live the expected traditional lives

   B.live the lives "they" themselves expect

   C.lead normal lives like other people

   D.criticize the society as they wish

(   ) 8. The underlined word "they" probably refers to        .

   A. songs   B. her characters

   C.  the roles   D. Jelinek's texts

  Gossip moves so quickly that few people have time to cover their ears,even if they want

to. "I hate it when others gossip about me," said Mandy Miraglia, 16, a high school student from California, " but to be honest,gossip with my close friends make me feel I am trusted and belong to the group. " Miraglia is not the only person who feels like that.

    Gossip has long been looked down on as little more than nonsense(废话) and bad manners. But recent research showed that gossip has many positive effects on your social life.

"There has been a trend among people to dislike gossip”,said David Sloan Wilson,a pro?fessor from the     State University of New York in Binghamton,US,"but gossip appears to be a very important form(形式) of behavior in a group of friends, defining their group membership.”

   For 18 months,Kevin Kniffin,from the University of Wisconsin,US,researched the be?havior of 50 people. He found that gossip levels peaked when a sports team included a slacker (懒虫) ,someone who regularly missed practices or showed up late. Other members of the team would soon start to joke about the slacker's shortcomings behind his back,because they think they are bad for the whole team.

   Gossip about the mistakes of senior members helps newcomers rebuild their confidence after a failure. It also helps relieve(释放) social and professional anxiety. Long-term studies show that people around the world devote from a fifth to two-thirds or more of their daily conversation to gossip, and men appear to be just as eager for gossip as women.

It is hard to judge gossip, but it is more powerful than you think. 

(   ) 5. It can be inferred from the research by Kevin Kniffin that        .

   A.gossip sometimes sends away the slacker of a team

   B.gossip is no use to the teamwork at all

   C.gossip sometimes helps newcomers rebuild their confidence

   D.gossip makes people separate with each other 

(   ) 6. It is true about Mandy Miraglia that        .

   A.she hates gossip all the time

   B.she enjoy gossips about others

   C.gossip sometimes makes her feel closer to the friends

   D.her recent study is about the gossip

(   ) 7. What's the writer's attitude about gossip?

   A.He looks down upon the gossip as bad manners.

   B.He thinks highly of making a gossip.

   C.He doesn't want to talk about gossip at all.

   D.He believes that gossip is powerful.

(   ) 8. We can learn from the passage that        .

   A.there will be more and more gossip in the future

   B.gossip will moves slowly and secretly

   C.people may think about gossip from another aspect

   D.sportsmen enjoy gossip more than the other people

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