We now think of chocolate as sweet, but once it was bitter. We think of it as a candy, but once it was a medicine. Today, chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen dessert, or just a snack. Sometimes it’s an ingredient in the main course of a meal. Mexicans make a hot chocolate sauce called mole and pour it over chicken. The Mexicans also eat chocolate with spices like chili peppers.

Chocolate is a product of the tropical cacao tree. The beans taste so bitter that even the monkeys say “Ugh!” and run away. Workers must first dry and then roast the beans. This removes the bitter taste.

The word “chocolate” comes from a Mayan word. The Mayas were an ancient people who once lived in Mexico. They valued the cacao tree. Some used the beans for money, while others crushed them to make a drink.

When the Spaniards came to Mexico in the sixteenth century, they started drinking cacao too. Because the drink was strong and bitter, they thought it was a medicine. No one had the idea of adding sugar. The Spaniards took some beans back to Europe and opened cafes. Wealthy people drank cacao and said it was good for the digestion.

In the 1800s, the owner of a chocolate factory in England discovered that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao. It quickly became a cheap and popular drink. Soon afterwards, a factory made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate. Later on, another factory mixed milk and chocolate together. People liked the taste of milk chocolate even better.

Besides the chocolate candy bar, one of the most popular American snacks is the chocolate chip cookie. Favorite desserts are chocolate cream pie and, of course, an ice cream sundae with hot fudge sauce.

1.It was _______ that discovered sugar could remove the bitter taste of cacao.

A.The workers in the chocolate factory        B.The Spaniards

C.The people in England                    D.The owner of a chocolate factory

2.According to the passage which of the following statements is true?

A.Nobody had the idea of adding sugar until the sixteenth century.

B.The word “chocolate” comes from a Mexican word.

C.The beans taste so bitter that even the monkeys like them.

D.Workers must dry and roast the beans to remove the bitter taste.

3.The Spaniards think that cacao was a medicine because________

A.it was strong and bitter.                   B.it was good for digestion.

C.it cured man’s diseases.                 D.it was a kind of drink for good health.

4.Which is the right time order of the events regarding chocolate?

a. Chocolate became a cheap and popular drink in England.

b. A factory made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate.

c. The Spaniards started drinking cacao.

d. It was found that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao.

e. A factory mixed milk and chocolate together.

A.a-b-c-d-e          B.c-d-e-b-a          C.c-d-a-b-e          D.c-d-b-e-a

5.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A.chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen dessert, or a candy bar

B.Mexicans like chocolate very much

C.chocolate is a product of the cacao tree

D.people liked the taste of chocolate mixed with milk

 

Son’s Help

Mr. Lang worked in a factory. As a driver, he was busy but he was paid much. His wife was an able woman and did all the housework. When he came back, she took good care of him and he never did anything at home. So he had enough time when he had a holiday. A few friends of his liked gambling and he learned it soon. So he was interested in it and hardly forgot anything except gambling. He lost all his money and later he began to sell the television, watches and so on. His wife told him not to do it but he didn’t listen to her. She had to tell the police. He and his friends were punished for it. And he was hardly sent away. After he came out of lockup(拘留所), he hated her very much and the woman had to leave him.

It was New Year’s Day. Mr. Lang didn’t go to work. He felt lonely and wanted to gamble again. He called his friends and they came soon. But they were afraid the police would come. He told his five-year-old son to go to find out if there were the policemen outside. They waited for a long time and didn’t think the police would come and began to gamble. Suddenly opened the door and in came a few policemen.

“I saw there weren’t any policemen outside, daddy,” said the boy, “so I went to the crossing and asked some to come.”

1.Mr. Lang was paid much because _______.

A.he was a driver                         B.he worked in a factory

C.he had worked there for a long time         D.he had a lot of work to do

2.Mrs. Lang did all housework because _______.

A.she thought her husband was tired          B.she couldn’t find any work

C.her husband spent all time in gambling       D.she wouldn’t stop her husband gambling

3._______, so he was put into lockup.

A.Mr. Lang was late for work                B.Mr. Lang often gambled

C.Mr. Lang didn’t help his wife at home       D.Mr. Lang wasn’t polite to the police

4.The woman had to leave Mr. Lang because _______.

A.he wouldn’t stop gambling               B.he didn’t love her any longer

C.he had been put into lockup               D.he was hardly sent away by the factory

5.Which of the following is right?

A.The boy thought his father needed some policemen

B.The boy hoped his father to be put into lockup again.

C.The boy hoped his father to stop gambling soon.

D.The boy hoped his mother to come back.

 

I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt's house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then . I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning.

I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see-the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.

The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost-having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to "the hard times".

My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with Immigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.

From my experiences I have learned one important rule: almost all common troubles eventually go away! Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up , and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.

1.What can we learn about the author from paragraph 4?

A.She worked as a translator.

B.She attended a lot of job interviews.

C.She paid telephone bills for her family.

D.She helped her family with her English.

2.The author believes that _________________ .

A.her future will be free from troubles

B.it is difficult to learn to become patient

C.there are more good things than bad things

D.good things will happen if one keeps trying

3.What is the best title of the passage?

A, how I turn to be optimistic            B. I am leaving for America

C. my life in America                  D. the importance of optimism

 

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