It’s so difficult to follow the ups and downs of a 2-year-old. One moment he’s beaming and friendly; the next he’s sullen(愠怒的)and weepy, often for no apparent reason. These mood swings, however, are just part of growing up. They are signs of the emotional changes taking place as your child struggles to take control of actions, impulses, feelings and his body.

At this age, your child wants to explore the world and seek adventure. As a result, he’ll spend most of his time testing limits, his own, yours and his environments. Unfortunately, he still lacks many of the skills required for the safe accomplishment of everything he needs to do, and he often will need you to protect him.

When he oversteps a limit and is pulled back, he often reacts with anger and frustration, possibly with a temper tantrum (发脾气). He may even strike back by hitting, biting and kicking. At this age, he doesn’t have much control over his emotional impulse (冲动). So his anger and frustration tend to erupt suddenly in the form of crying, hitting or screaming. It’s his only way of dealing with the difficult realities of life. He may even act out in ways that unintentionally harm himself or others. It’s all part of being 2.

It’s not uncommon for toddlers to be angels when you’re not around, because they don’t trust people enough to test their limits. But with you, your toddler will be willing to try things that may be dangerous or difficult, because he knows you’ll rescue him if he gets into trouble.

Whatever protest pattern he has developed around the end of his first year will probably persist for some time. For instance, when you’re about to leave him with a sitter, he may become angry and throw a tantrum in anticipation (预想) of the separation. Or he may cry and cling to you. Or he could simply become subdued and silent. Whatever his behavior, try not to overreact by scolding or punishing him. The best tactic(策略) is to reassure him before you leave that you will be back and, when you return, to praise him for being so patient while you are gone. Take comfort in the fact that separations should be much easier by the time he’s 3 years old.

1.The “ups and downs” (Para. 1) of a 2-year-old refers to ________.

A. his falling down and standing up

B. his successes and failures in doing things

C. his good and bad traits

D. his mood swings

2.A 2-year-old still lacks all of the following EXCEPT _____________.

A. signs that express his emotional changes

B. skills necessary for accomplishing certain things

C. control over his emotional impulses

D. good methods of dealing with the difficult realities of life

3.Which of the following is true?

A. A 2-year-old doesn’t know how to express his anger and frustration.

B. A 2-year-old often intentionally harms himself or others.

C. A 2-year-old depends on his parents to do everything new and challenging.

D. A 2-year-old trusts his parents more than other people

4.When a mother is about to separate with her baby, she’d better __________.

A. leave without the baby’s knowledge

B. make the baby subdued and silent

C. comfort the baby that she’ll be back soon

D. ignore the baby’s reactions

Do you love Beats headphones, True Religion jeans, and UGG shoes? These are some of the most popular brands (牌子) around. They are also expensive. But some experts say they are not much better than cheaper brands.

For example, Jim Wilcox works for Consumer Reports. He tested all kinds of headphones. He says that $80 Koss Pro headphones provide basically the same quality and comfort as Beats. So why do people pay twice or even 10 times as much for the hottest brands?

Experts say it's because fashionable, expensive brands send a message. Brands say “I belong” or “I can afford it.”

Some people think that expensive brand names are worth the price. They say that some designer clothes really are top quality and that they last longer than cheaper brands. Some teenagers choose to wear popular brands because these brands make them feel good about themselves.

Alexandra Allam, 17, likes to buy brand-name products. “I'd rather spend the extra money to get something I know I'll be satisfied with,” she says. Her friend Emmy Swan agrees, saying “As long as you can afford it, it seems reasonable to buy what you want.” But not all teenagers agree. “Spending hundreds of dollars for designer sunglasses is stupid and unreasonable,” says Daniel Steinbrecher, 16. “It's fake (假的) happiness.”

People who are against wearing expensive brand names say that many designer brands aren't any better. “It's wasteful to buy things just because they are popular,” says Edmund Williams, 15. “You'll feel better if you buy things because you like them. If you have extra money to spend, it would be better to give it to people in need.”

1.The example of Jim's report wants to tell us _____.

A. popular brands make people comfortable

B. Koss Pro headphones are better than Beats

C. the hottest brands are of the highest quality

D. lesser-known brands may offer the same quality as name brands

2.According to experts, people choose the hottest brands probably _____.

A. to show off

B. for their better quality

C. for their better designs

D. to belong to a special group

3.What does Edmund think of expensive brands?

A. They are not worth the price.

B. They make him feel confident.

C. They need to improve their quality.

D. They pay too much attention to personal likes.

4.The text is mainly about _____.

A. how to buy things reasonably

B. the competition between brands

C. the different values of teenagers

D. whether expensive brands are worth high prices

Recently I have discovered it’s often easier for me to do something every day than to do it just some days. I post to my blog six days a week. I take notes every day. I write in my one-sentence journal every day. Many people have told me that they find it easier to exercise when they exercise every day. If I try to do something just four days a week, I spend a lot of time arguing with myself: Is today the day, or is it tomorrow, or the next day? Does the week start on Sunday or Monday?

If you do something every day, you tend to fall into a routine. Routine has a bad reputation for lacking excitement. It’s true that novelty and challenge bring happiness and that people who break their routines, try new things, and go to new places are happier, but I think that some routine activities also bring happiness. The pleasure of doing the same thing, in the same way, every day, shouldn’t be overlooked. By repeating, you can find happiness in activities like doing dishes or sweeping the floor as well as in your beloved morning coffee-and-news routines.

Two geniuses whom I know of also wrote about the power of doing something every day. Andy Warhol wrote, “Either once only, or every day. If you do something once it’s exciting, and if you do it every day it’s exciting. But if you do it, say, twice or just almost every day, it’s not good any more.” Gertrude Stein made a similar point, “Anything one does every day is important and anywhere one lives is interesting and beautiful.”

So if there’s something that you wish you did more regularly, try doing it every day; if you do something every day, take great pleasure in it.

1.In the first paragraph, what does the author try to tell us?

A. It’s easier to do the same thing every day.

B. It’s important to do the same thing every day.

C. He has a good habit of following routines.

D. He enjoys the habit of following routines.

2.People usually tend to break their routines because they________.

A. hope to have a better reputation

B. would like to get rid of the old habit

C. want to have fun and excitement

D. are willing to face new challenges

3.Which of the following statements does Andy Warhol probably agree to?

A. Doing something that is exciting.

B. Doing something almost every day.

C. Doing something every day, not only once.

D. Doing something every day or only once.

4.Which can be the best title of the passage?

A. A Way To Form A Habit B. Do Anything Every Day

C. Repeat Regularly D. Power Of Everyday Repetition

A

My father wasn't a king, he was a taxi driver, but I am a prince-Prince Renato II, of the country Pontinha, an island fort on Funchal harbour. It's in Madeira,Portugal, where I grew up. It was discovered in 1419.

In 1903, the king of Portugal sold the land to a wealthy British family, the Blandys, who make Madeira wine. Fourteen years ago the family decided to sell it forjust ?25,000, but nobody wanted to buy it either. I met Blandy at a party. and he asked if I'd like to buy the island. Of course I said yes,but I had no money-I was just an art teacher.I tried to find some business partners, who all thought I was crazy.So I sold some of my possessions,put my savings together and bought it.Of course, my family. my friends-all thought I was mad.

When the King originally sold the island,he signed a document, selling all the “possessions and the dominions”of the island.It means I can do what I want with it-I could start a restaurant, or a cinema but nobody thought someone would start a country.So that's what I did:I decided it would be my island, about the size of a one-bedroom house.

I have both a Portuguese passport and one for Pontinha (where my passport number is 0001).There are four citizens: me, my wife, my son and my daughter.I am the police, the gardener,everything.I am whatever I want to be-that's the dream,isn't it?If l want to have a national flag,it could be blue today,red tomorrow.I can change it any time.Of course,my power is only absolute here, where I am the true sovereign.

I don't live in my country full time, but I am often there.My family sometimes drops by, and other people come every day because the country is free for tourists to visit; I never close for bad weather.Sometimes I come here when I'm feeling lively,after a few drinks.

Madeira is surrounded by water,but for some reason we all have to pay to swim in the ocean now,at the swimming spots.However.I have my island,which means I can come swimming whenever I want-it's as if someone has given me the key to the waters.

Our lives are gone in a flash.All change in the world begins with something very small, and this is my country-just a small island.

1.How did the author get the island?

A.It was a present from Blandy.

B.The king sold it to him.

C.He inherited from his father.

D.He bought it from Blandy.

2.It can be learned from the passage that____.

A.the author made his living by driving

B.the author's wife supported to buy the island

C.blue and red are the main colors of his national flag

D.people can travel around the island free of charge

3.What did the author do with his island?

A.He set up a restaurant.

B.He started a cinema.

C.He founded his own country.

D.He opened a swimming pool.

4.From his own experience, the author wanted to tell the readers that____.

A.you can change your life through small things

B.you should buy your own country and become a king

C.becoming a real ruler is of much fun

D.life is too short, so enjoy it to the fullest

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