题目内容


Research shows that much of our predisposition (倾向) towards determination, sociability and self - control and sense of purpose is in our genes.In fact, our DNA plays a bigger role in influencing these traits ( characteristics)than our upbringing (儿童期的教养)and the company we keep.Taken together, these aspects of personality can make the difference between success and failure, say the Edinburgh University researchers.        
They questioned more than 800 pairs of twins about their attitudes to life to tease apart the influences of nature and nurture.Comparing identical twins, who share all their DNA and their up bringing, with non-identical twins, who have a shared background but are no more genetically alike than other brothers and sisters, is a technique often used by researchers to quantify the influence of genetics.
The results, published in the Journal of Personality, showed that genes play a much bigger role than lifestyle, with self-control particularly etched (铭刻) into our DNA.                   
Our genes a222so largely determine how determined and persistent we are.This is important in terms of success, as someone who refuses to give up is more likely to achieve their dreams than someone who throws in the towel at the first hiccough
Researcher Professor Timothy Bates said, "Ever since the ancient Greeks, people Lave de hated the nature of a good life and the nature of a virtuous life.Why do some people seem to manage their lives, have good relationships and cooperate to achieve their goals while others do not? Previously,  the role of family and the environment around the home often controlled people' s ideas about what affected psychological well-being.However, this work emphasizes a much more powerful influence from genetics."
However, those who haven' t been dealt a helpful hand of genes shouldn' t he too depressed.The professor says a sense of purpose is the key and advises those who are eager for success to focus their thoughts on making a difference.
【小题1】What does the result of the research indicate?

A.Our DNA is the only factor to decide our traits.
B.Our DNA plays a decisive role, in achieving success.
C.Education plays little part in the formation of our character.
D.Society has Little effect on us in our personality.
【小题2】The underlined part in Paragraph 4 refers to someone who                
A.is born successfulB.determines to make a difference
C.makes great effortD.admits defeat easily
【小题3】Timothy Bates mentions the ancient Creeks in order to indicate that          
A.some people can live a good life because they can manage their lives
B.people haven't made it clear yet what is the key personality trait(持点,特征) to be a success
C.in ancient Greece the role of family and the environment was ignored
D.the relationship between personality and success has always been people's concern
【小题4】According to the passage, the key personality trait is            
A.determinationB.kindnessC.politenessD.sociability
【小题5】What is the best title for the passage?
A.How do people work hard?B.Why can some people succeed?
C.DNA determines success or failureD.Several factors determine personality


【小题1】B
【小题2】D
【小题3】D
【小题4】A
【小题5】C

解析试题分析:
【小题1】细节题。根据文章第三段The results, published in the Journal of Personality, showed that genes play a much bigger role than lifestyle, with self-control particularly etched (铭刻) into our DNA.实验结果说明基因比生活方式在自我控制方面所起的作用还要大。故B正确。
【小题2】推理题。根据文章第四段as someone who refuses to give up is more likely to achieve their dreams than someone who throws in the towel at the first hiccough.说明该词与more likely to achieve their dreams是一组反义词,故D的说法正确。
【小题3】推理题。根据文章倒数第二段2,3,4行Ever since the ancient Greeks, people Lave de hated the nature of a good life and the nature of a virtuous life.Why do some people seem to manage their lives, have good relationships and cooperate to achieve their goals while others do not?说明古希腊的人很注意人性和成功之间的关系,故D正确。
【小题4】细节题。根据第四段第一行Our genes a222so largely determine how determined and persistent we are说明我们的基因决定了我们有多么有毅力多么有决心,而意志力和决心恰恰是决定我们成功的因素。故A正确。
【小题5】主旨大意题。根据文章第一句Research shows that much of our predisposition (倾向) towards determination, sociability and self - control and sense of purpose is in our genes.说明基因是决定因素。故C的说法即DNA决定了我们的成功或者失败正确。
考点:考查科普类短文阅读
点评:文章详细说明了我们的成功或者失败不是由我们的生活方式决定的,而是由我们的基因决定的。本文的难点在于扫除文字的障碍,要根据上下文来推测文章中一些不熟悉的词义,不要受这些词的影响而导致对文章意思的把握不到位,此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行合理的概括和判断。

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阅读理解

  The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted(抵制) in the market places despite their product's obvious advantages. Furthermore,the advertising expense for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the cause of the users' seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers doubt that there might be deeper reasons, however. This was supported by one of motivation research's classic studies, one often cited(引用) in the trade. Mason Haire of the University of California constructed two shopping lists that were the same except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, bread, baking powder, canned peaches, and potatoes, with the brands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in fifth place on both lists, read“lib. Maxwell House coffee”on one list and“Nescafe instant coffee”on the other. One list was given to each one in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of woman(personality and character) who would draw up that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on,her list was lazy; only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt that the instant coffee user was probably not a good wife! No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee.

1.The result of the investigation showed that _____.

[  ]

A.women who used regular coffee were good planners

B.most of the women investigated were good at reasons

C.many women believed that wives who used instant coffee were lazy

D.housewives who used instant coffee were lazy

2.In the study, the women were supposed to give the opinions about _____.

[  ]

A.which was better, instant coffee or regular coffee

B.women's attitude towards shopping

C.the necessity of making such a shopping list

D.the personality of a woman who would prepare such a list

3.Judging by the result of the study many women were not interested in instant coffee because _____.

[  ]

A.they didn't trust advertisements

B.instant coffee was not suited to their taste

C.they wanted to show that they were intelligent

D.they had a sense of shame about using instant coffee

4.The“instant coffee”probably means _____.

[  ]

A.expensive coffee

B.coffee made up quickly for use

C.cheap coffee

D.coffee made up slowly for use

阅读理解

The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their product’s obvious advantages.Furthermore,the advertising expense for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee.Efforts were made to find the cause of the users’ seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product.The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste.The producers doubt that there might be deeper reasons,however.This was supported by one of motivation research’s classic studies,one often cited in the trade.Mason Haire of the University of California constructed two shopping lists that were the same except for one item.There were six items common to both lists:hamburger,carrots,bread,baking powder,canned peaches,and potatoes,with the brands or amounts specified.The seventh item,in fifth place on both lists,read “lib.Maxwell House coffee” on one list and “Nescafe instant coffee” on the other.One list was given to each one in a group of fifty women,and the other list to those in another group of the same size.The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe,as far as they could,the kind of woman(personality and character)who would draw up that shopping list.Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner.On the other hand,only one woman in the other group described the housewife,who had included regular coffee on,her list was lazy; only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner.Eight women felt that the instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife!No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee.

(1)

The result of the investigation showed that ________.

[  ]

A.

women who used regular coffee were good planners

B.

most of the women investigated were good at reasons

C.

many women believed that wives who used instant coffee were lazy

D.

housewives who used instant coffee were lazy

(2)

In the study,the women were supposed to give the opinions about ________.

[  ]

A.

which was better,instant coffee or regular coffee

B.

women’s attitude towards shopping

C.

the necessity of making such a shopping list

D.

the personality of a woman who would prepare such a list

(3)

Judging by the result of the study many women were not interested in instant coffee because ________.

[  ]

A.

they didn’t trust advertisements

B.

instant coffee was not suited to their taste

C.

they wanted to show that they were intelligent

D.

they had a sense of shame about using instant coffee

(4)

The “instant coffee” probably means ________.

[  ]

A.

expensive coffee

B.

coffee made up quickly for use

C.

cheap coffee

D.

coffee made up slowly for use

Direction:Read the following passage.Answer the questions according to the information given by the passage.

  Behavioral risk factors have a great effect on cancer risk in the elderly population of the US, according to a research.About 80 percent of all cancers are diagnosed(诊断)in the elderly, and more than 80 percent of known risk factors are possibly preventable, US researchers say.

  Igor Akushevich of Duke University in Durham, N.C., said the main purpose of the study was to discover a way to find out the contributions of measurable risk factors to cancer risk among the elderly.More analysis is needed before the finding can actually be used.“So far, we have not come to the stage where we are able to make specific recommendations regarding risk factors,” Akushevich said in a statement.But according to the study, cigarette smoking does increase the risk of lung cancer.

  The researchers said they were surprised at some of the findings.Cancer risk is not connected with alcohol drinking, as reported in other studies.A possible explanation may be that those aged 65 or older tend to drink moderately(适度地).

  “Other interesting findings are an increased risk of breast cancer for those women who are afraid to go to the doctor to have examinations and a decreased risk of breast and lung cancers for those who never lose their temper,” Akushevich said.

  Light and moderate physical activities decrease the risk of cancer, but too much exercise may augment the risk, the study said.

  The findings were presented at the American Association for Cancer Research's International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research.

1.Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “augment”.

2.According to the passage, what kinds of people are less likely to develop breast and lung cancer?(no more than 5 words)

3.What's the main idea of this passage?(no more than 6 words)

The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their manifest advantages. Furthermore, the advertising cost for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the cause of the consumers “seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product”. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons. However, this was confirmed by one of motivation research's classic studies, one often cited(引用)in the trade.

Mason Haire, professor of the University of California, constructed two shopping lists that were the same except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, baking powder, bread, canned peaches and potatoes, with the bands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in the fifth place on both lists, read “1 Ib. Maxwell House coffee” on one list and “Nescafe instant coffee” on the other. One list was given to each person in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of woman(“personality and character”)who would draw up(制定)that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy; only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt that the instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife. No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the house-wife who intended to buy regular coffee.

53. In this instance, the purpose of motivation research was to discover      .

why people drink coffee

B. why instant coffee was successful

C. why regular coffee was successful

D. the real reason why people would not buy instant coffee

54. This investigation indicates that       .

50 percent of housewives are lazy

B. housewives who use instant coffee are lazy

C. many women believe that wives who use instant coffee are lazy

D. wives who use regular coffee are good planners

55. On the results of this test, the producers probably revised their advertising to show a     .

lazy housewife using regular coffee

B. hard-working housewife using instant coffee

C. lazy housewife using instant coffee

D. man obviously enjoying the taste of instant coffee

56. It is implied but not stated that       .

A. Despite its advantages, most people dislike instant coffee because of its taste.

B. The advertising cost for instant coffee was greater than for regular coffee.

C. Very often we do not know the real reasons for doing things.

D. Taste is the principal factor in determining what we buy.

 

The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their manifest advantages. Furthermore, the advertising cost for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the cause of the consumers “seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product”. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons. However, this was confirmed by one of motivation research's classic studies, one often cited(引用)in the trade.

Mason Haire, professor of the University of California, constructed two shopping lists that were the same except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, baking powder, bread, canned peaches and potatoes, with the bands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in the fifth place on both lists, read “1 Ib. Maxwell House coffee” on one list and “Nescafe instant coffee” on the other. One list was given to each person in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of woman(“personality and character”)who would draw up(制定)that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy; only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt that the instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife. No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the house-wife who intended to buy regular coffee.

53. In this instance, the purpose of motivation research was to discover      .

why people drink coffee

B. why instant coffee was successful

C. why regular coffee was successful

D. the real reason why people would not buy instant coffee

54. This investigation indicates that       .

50 percent of housewives are lazy

B. housewives who use instant coffee are lazy

C. many women believe that wives who use instant coffee are lazy

D. wives who use regular coffee are good planners

55. On the results of this test, the producers probably revised their advertising to show a     .

lazy housewife using regular coffee

B. hard-working housewife using instant coffee

C. lazy housewife using instant coffee

D. man obviously enjoying the taste of instant coffee

56. It is implied but not stated that       .

A. Despite its advantages, most people dislike instant coffee because of its taste.

B. The advertising cost for instant coffee was greater than for regular coffee.

C. Very often we do not know the real reasons for doing things.

D. Taste is the principal factor in determining what we buy.

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