题目内容

A pill costing little more than &1 a day could save the lives of thousands suffering from a common heart disease． British doctors have decided to use the drug, ivabradine, to treat patients with heart failure straight away, even though it has not yet been licensed for the disease in the UK．

More than 700,000 people live with heart failure, which occurs when the organ becomes too weak to pump blcod efficiently round the body． This can lead to fatigue, breathlessness, increased heart rate and other serious complications． Around 100,000 people a year are thought to die from heart failure and many patients are repeatedly admitted to hospital because of their symptoms．

The dramatic results from the trial of 6,500 patients-the biggest of its kind-found a 26 per cent cut in heart failure deaths, suggesting the lives of around 10,000 British patients could be saved each year． The research also found ivabradine will help reduce the number of hospital admissions by 26 per cent, which would cut costs．

The trial, carried out in 37 countries including the UK, showed particular benefits for patients who cannot take beta blockers （阻滞药）． Beta blockers reduce the heart rate, giving it more time to fill with blood before the next beat． But in as many as 50 percent of patients beta blockers do not work or have unpleasant side effects．

All the patients in the trial had high heart rates of around 77 beats per minute on average．lvabradine lowers the number of beats to around 60 per minute without reducing blood pressure, which means the damaged heart is pumping more efficiently at a slower rate．

Professor Cowie, consultant cardiologist （心脏病学家） at the Royal Brompton Hospital in London, said, "This is a very clean way of dropping the heart rate． Patients on beta blockers complain of tiredness and many stop taking it．" At a very conservative estimate, prescribing ivabradine to eligible patients could save between 5,000 and 10,000 lives a year, he said．

60． This passage is most probably taken from　　　　　　 .

　　　 A． a medical magazine　　　 　　　　　　　 B． a govemment report

　　　 C． an advertisement D． a personal diary

61． Ivabradine used on patients suffering from heart failure can　　　　　　 .

　　　 A． raise breath B． increase heart rate

　　　 C． reduce blood pressure　　 　　　　　　 D． improve the heart pump

62． We can learn from the underlined sentence that　　　　 .

　　　 A． ivabradine can remove all the symptoms

B． ivabradine is effective in cleaning the heart

　　　 C． ivabradine is an environmentally friendly medicine

D． ivabradine has few side effects on heart failure patients

63． What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?

　　　 A． To analyze a major study． 　　　　　　　

B． To praise some British doctors．

　　　 C． To introduce a drug for a heart disease．

D． To persuade us to use a new drug．

  ADDC

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　The following are four forms about medicine. How to use the medicine is very important. Never take any by mistake.

　　1）Take the medicine with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For further night - time and early morning, take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in 24 hours. For Children six to twelve years old, go to your doctor for advice.　Reduce dosage if nervousness, restlessness or sleeplessness takes place.

　　2）Each pill of the medicine taken three times every day for fourteen years old. As usual, a pill 6∶00 a. m., before breakfast, one before 11∶00 and one before sleep. Not for children under six years old and old persons with heart attack.

　　3）The medicine for a person with a fever. Once two pills a day before sleep for adult. Not take the medicine without fever. Half for Children under 12 years old. Children with a high fever, go to see a doctor.

　　4）The medicine taken three times a day, once five pills for adult with a cold. Half of the pills for children 10 years old. Take the medicine before breakfast, lunch, supper or before sleep.

　　60．Obviously a kind of medicine can’t be proper for ________, judging from the information.

　　A. children over twelve years old

　　B. some old persons with a fever

　　C. some old persons with heart attack

　　D. neither adults nor heart attack

　　61．When a person has a cold, he had better ________ .

　　A. have about more than fourteen pills a day

　　B. have twice a day

　　C. have four times a day

　　D. have nine pills a day

　　62．How many kinds of medicine are used for the children six years old?

　　A. All of them．

　　B. Three kinds of medicine.

　　C. Two kinds of medicine.

D. Almost not any medicine.

A super drug that could remove Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)，heart disease and diabetes (糖尿病) and help people live to 100 is being developed by scientists. Their research is based on the identification of three genes that help prolong lives and prevent diseases which occur in old age. Medically controlling the proteins made by the “ longevity genes” will allow millions to live longer, predicts Dr Nir Barzilai.

  Those whose DNA strongly features the three genes are 80 percent less likely to develop Alzheimer’s. The genes also fight against the deadly impact of smoking, poor diet, obesity and lack of exercise.

  Already, several laboratories are working on a pill to imitate the benefits of the genes and Dr Barzilai thinks it could be tested within three years. The pill could remove some diseases that damage old age. “ The advantage of finding a gene that involves longevity is that we can develop a drug that will imitate exactly what this gene is doing,” he said.

  Of the three longevity genes, two genes increase the production of so-called good cholesterol(胆固醇), which reduces the risk of heart disease. The third prevents diabetes. They were discovered by Dr Barzilai’s team while studying the DNA of 500 Ashkenazi Jews with an average age of 100. The chances of living that long are one in 10,000 but the group, which shared relatively few common ancestors, was 20 times more likely to hit the entury. Dr Barzilai said: “ 30 percent of them were obese or overweight and 30 percent smoked two acks of cigarettes a day for more than 40 years, however they can live to 100.”

  But Andrew Ketteringham of the Alzheimer’s Society said: “Alzheimer’s disease, a most common disease, is likely to be caused by a combination of genetic disosition(遗传倾向), lifestyles and life events. Many genes are probably involved.

Some people are able to live to 100 years because of ______.

   A. a magical medicine  B. three special genes    C. good living habits     D. longevity proteins

Why does the discovery of the longevity genes mean a lot?

   A. Because it can bring great benefits to scientific labs.              

B. Because it can help people change their unhealthy genes

   C. Because it helps produce a drug that can make people live longer.  

D. Because it will help scientists build up a new branch of biology.

From Paragraph 4 we can infer that ________.

   A. longevity genes can create good cholesterol.                   

B. the volunteers share some common ancestors

   C. bad habits are likely to have no effect on the volunteers           

D. longevity genes protect the volunteers against bad habits

What is Andrew Ketteringham’s attitude toward the study?

   A. Positive    B. Negative         C. Critical                 D. Cautious

A super drug that could remove Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)，heart disease and diabetes (糖尿病) and help people live to 100 is being developed by scientists. Their research is based on the identification of three genes that help prolong lives and prevent diseases which occur in old age. Medically controlling the proteins made by the “ longevity genes” will allow millions to live longer, predicts Dr Nir Barzilai.

    Those whose DNA strongly features the three genes are 80 percent less likely to develop Alzheimer’s. The genes also fight against the deadly impact of smoking, poor diet, obesity and lack of exercise.

    Already, several laboratories are working on a pill to imitate the benefits of the genes and Dr Barzilai thinks it could be tested within three years. The pill could remove some diseases that damage old age. “ The advantage of finding a gene that involves longevity is that we can develop a drug that will imitate exactly what this gene is doing,” he said.

    Of the three longevity genes, two genes increase the production of so-called good cholesterol(胆固醇), which reduces the risk of heart disease. The third prevents diabetes. They were discovered by Dr Barzilai’s team while studying the DNA of 500 Ashkenazi Jews with an average age of 100. The chances of living that long are one in 10,000 but the group, which shared relatively few common ancestors, was 20 times more likely to hit the entury. Dr Barzilai said: “ 30 percent of them were obese or overweight and 30 percent smoked two acks of cigarettes a day for more than 40 years, however they can live to 100.”

    But Andrew Ketteringham of the Alzheimer’s Society said: “Alzheimer’s disease, a most common disease, is likely to be caused by a combination of genetic disosition(遗传倾向), lifestyles and life events. Many genes are probably involved.

1.Some people are able to live to 100 years because of ______.

A. a magical medicine  B. three special genes   C. good living habits  D. longevity proteins

2.Why does the discovery of the longevity genes mean a lot?

A. Because it can bring great benefits to scientific labs.

B. Because it can help people change their unhealthy genes

C. Because it helps produce a drug that can make people live longer.

D. Because it will help scientists build up a new branch of biology.

3.From Paragraph 4 we can infer that ________.

A. longevity genes can create good cholesterol.

B. the volunteers share some common ancestors

C. bad habits are likely to have no effect on the volunteers

D. longevity genes protect the volunteers against bad habits

4.What is Andrew Ketteringham’s attitude toward the study?

A. Positive    B. Negative         C. Critical                 D. Cautious

 

Most schools forbid chewing gum, but in a few years they might consider changing that rule. Why? Scientists are finding evidence that gum chewing may be good for your health. It may even help improve your test scores.

This exciting research is just beginning. And in the meantime, companies are also experimenting with adding vitamins, minerals, medicines, and other substances that could give gum the power to cure headaches and fight everything from serious diseases to bad breath.

Other researchers are finding that gum might work better than a pill to deliver medicines and other substances into the bloodstream. That’s because the lining (膜) of our cheeks can absorb certain substances more quickly than our stomachs and intestines (肠) can.

That discovery could help other researchers develop medicine-containing gums that fight colds, ease headaches, battle nervousness, and more. Scientists might even create antimicrobial (抗菌的) gums that cure bad breath.

Those projects may take years, but gum scientists have already had at least one recent success: They’ve created a gum that could help us stay awake.

Researchers have produced a gum called Stay Alert. Each stick has as much caffeine as a cup of coffee. It can take an hour for the caffeine in coffee to have its full effect, but the caffeine in Stay Alert hits in just a few minutes.

The gum is easy to transport and it’s stable in cold and hot climates. Unlike a pill, it doesn’t require water to swallow. Those qualities make it easy for soldiers to use.

For now, Stay Alert is available only to the military (军队). The manufacturer may one day offer it for sale to the public. People who work at night, such as truck drivers and medical personnel who ride in ambulances, might benefit from a product like Stay Alert.

1. The passage mainly talks about _____.

A．the rule of forbidding chewing gum in school

B．new research on chewing gum

C．different kinds of chewing gum

D．the relationship between chewing gum and medicine

2. What does the underlined word “hits” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?

A．Touches.

B．Attacks.

C．Takes effect.

D．Affects badly.

3.According to the passage, Stay Alert is a gum which can help people _____.

A．stay awake

B．fight colds

C．cure headaches

D．overcome nervousness

4. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.

A．stay Alert is not easy to store

B．stay Alert needs water to swallow

C．stay Alert is available to the public now

D．we can’t buy gums that cure bad breath now

 

Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.

Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.

The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.

Ten healthy volunteers(志愿者) were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.

The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.

The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.

1.According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ______.

A．cannot be as effective as codeine

B．can be harmful to people’s health

C．cannot be separated from chocolate

D．can be a more effective cure for coughs

2.What was used in the experiment to cause coughing?

A．Theobromine.

B．Codeine.

C．Capsaicin.

D．Placebo.

3.We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _____.

A．were patients with bad coughs

B．were divided into the three groups

C．received standard treatments

D．suffered little side effects

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A．Codeine: A New Medicine

B．Chocolate May Cure Coughs

C．Cough Treatment: A Hard Case

D．Theobromine Can Cause Coughs

 

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