Decision-thinking is not unlike poker—it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think what you think they think you think. The mental process(过程) is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers.

The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular, he showed that all games fall into two classes; there are what he called games of 'perfect information', games like chess where the players can't hide anything or play tricks; they don't win by chance, but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of 'imperfect information', like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.

One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse Business, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors(因素), which would even puzzle (困惑)best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.

1.The subject discussed in this text is _________.

A. the process of reaching decisions

B. the difference between poker and chess.

C. the secret of making good business plans

D. the value of information in winning games

2.An important factor in a game of imperfect information is ___________.

A. rules B. luck C. time D. ideas

3.Which of the following can be used in place of "Quite the reverse" in paragraph 3?

A. Quite right. B. True enough.

C. Most unlikely. D. Just the opposite.

4.In the writer's opinion, when making business decisions one should ___________ .

A. put perfect information before imperfect information

B. accept the existence of unknown factors

C. regard business as a game of chess

D. mix known and unknown factors

阅读表达,阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

When Steve Jobs was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California, his unmarried mother decided to put him for adoption because she wanted a girl. So in the middle of the night, his mother called a lawyer named Paul Jobs and said, “We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?” But his mother told his future parents to promise that they would send Jobs to college. After Steve Jobs graduated from high school, he went to college but decided to drop out because it was so expensive that he had to sleep on the floor in his friends’ rooms. At 20, he and a friend(Steve Wozniak) started a company in a garage on April 1, 1976. Jobs named their company-Apple in memory of a happy summer he had spent as an orchard (果园) in Oregon.

After 10 years of hard time and failures, starting from two kids working in a garage, Apple computer eventually grew into a big company with over 4000 employees.

At 30, Jobs, however, was fired from the company he co-founded. But after he had to leave the company, Apple was under heavy pressure from rival-Microsoft and in 1996 posted billions of dollars in losses. Apple needed Steve Jobs and he was appointed as Apple’ CEO in1997. Under his leadership, Apple returned to profitability introducing new products such as the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad.

Steve Jobs once said, “Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick, Don’t lose faith. I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You’ve got to find what you love. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking.”

1.What did Steve Jobs’ mother do after he was born? (No more than 10 words)

2.Why did Jobs name their company-Apple? (No more than 15 words)

3.How did Jobs help Apple return to profitability? (No more than 10 words)

4.What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase “drop out” in Paragraph 1? ( No more than 2 words)

5.Do you agree with what Jobs said in the last Paragraph? Give reasons in your own words.( No more than 20 words)

Public Speaking Training

Get a coach

__1.__,so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.

Focus on positives

Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well. _2.__, so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do.

__3.__

If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about. _4.__. As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.

You are a special person not a clone

Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. __5._. Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not.

A.You aren't like anybody else

B.You already do lots of things well

C.Turn your back on too many rules

D.Check the rules about dos and don'ts

E.Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough

F.The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep

G.So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse

The clock struck eleven at night. The whole house was quiet. Everyone was in bed except me. Under the strong light, I looked sad before a huge pile of troublesome stuff that were called “books”. I was going to have my examination the next day. "When can I go to bed?" I asked myself. I didn’t answer, in fact I dared not.

The clock struck 12."Oh, dear!" I cried, "ten more books to read before I can go to bed!” We pupils are the poorest in the world. Dad does not agree with me on this. He did not have to work so hard when he was a boy ."

The clock struck one. I was quite hopeless now. I forgot all I had learnt. I was too tired to go on. I did the only thing I could. I prayed, “Oh, God, Please help me pass the exam tomorrow. I do promise to work hard afterwards, Amen.” My eyes were so heavy that I could hardly open them. A few minutes later, with my head on the desk, I fell asleep.

1.When the author was going over his lessons, all the others in the house were_____ .

A. asleep

B. working in bed

C. outside

D. quietly laughing at him

2. Reviewing his lessons didn’t help him because ________.

A. it was too late at night

B. he was very tired

C. his eyes were so heavy that he couldn’t keep them open

D. he hadn’t studied hard before

3.What do you suppose happened to the author?

A. He went to a church to pray again

B. He passed the exam by luck

C. He failed in the exam

D. He was punished by his teacher

4.The best title for the passage would be __________ .

A. The Night Before the Examination

B. Working Far into the Night

C. A Slow Student

D. Going Over My Lessons

Right in the heart of America — in Smith Center, Kansas, to be exact — high school football coach Roger Barta glanced at his notes as he stood among the sea of players gathered before him.

It was 6:30 a.m. on August 18, 2008, the first day of practice for this edition of the Redmen and the 31st opening day of the season for Barta, longtime coach and former math teacher at Smith Center High School. Barta wore a red T-shirt covering a ball-shaped belly(腹部).

Barta began with basic instructions: Drink lots of water. Fine advice. But what Coach Barta laid out next was the essential game plan — life lessons that many people consider his greatest strength. “Someone here is the best, and someone is the worst,” he said. “It’s time to forget about that. Let’s respect each other. Thus, we’ll like each other and then love each other. That’s when, together, we’ll become champions.”

He paused for a moment. When he continued, he spoke with even more fervor (热诚) to the 56 young men sitting before him. “One more thing, guys. We don’t talk about winning and losing. We talk about getting a little better every day, about being the best we can be, about being a team. And when we do that, winning and losing take care of themselves.”

Over the next four months, the Redman went on to beat each competitor, winning another perfect season. As their coach, Barta has created a 289-58 record, eight Kansas state championships, and 67 victories. In high school football, it’s the longest win in the nation. Through it all, Coach Barta kept his word: Not once did he ever say that a game was do-or-die.

“None of this is really about football,” he had explained to me back in 2007, convincingly (令人信服地)enough to force me to move to Smith Center from New York City with my wife, Mary, and three-year-old son, Jack, so I could write about him for a year. “What I hope we’re doing is sending kids into life who know that every day means something.”

1. According to the passage, we learn that Barta______.

A. was once a teacher

B. is a basketball coach

C. works in the university

D. has been a coach for 40 years

2.In the third paragraph, Barta stressed the importance of______.

A. health B. competition

C. combination D. success

3.In Barta’s opinion, which is important for a player?

A. Winning the game.

B. Learning from failure.

C. Trying his or her best.

D. Caring about the result.

4.The fifth paragraph mainly talks about______.

A. Barta’s motto

B. Barta’s training methods

C. Barta’s attitude towards life

D. Barta and the Redmen’s achievements

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