题目内容

Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative meaning.

    So it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation (创新). But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel (平行的)paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.

    Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try, the more creative we become.

    But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.

    “The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide’, just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider’.” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”

    “All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware,” she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally(程序上的), collaboratively (合作地) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.

    The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will … and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have preserved, and it fosters(培养)commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.

Brain researchers have discovered that      .

A. the forming of new habits can be guided      B. the development of habits can be predicted

C. the regulation of old habits can be transformed

D. the track of new habits can be created unconsciously

The underlined word “ruts” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to       .

A. zones            B. connections      C. situations           D. tracks

Which of the following statements most probably agrees with Dawna Markova’s view?

A. Decision makes no sense in choices.       B. Curiosity makes creative minds active.

C. Creative ideas are born of a relaxing mind.  D. Formation of innovation comes from fantastic ideas.

The purpose of the author writing this article is to persuade us       .

A. to give up our traditional habits deliberately    B. to create and develop new habits consciously

C. to resist the application of standardized testing  D. to believe that old habits conflict with new habits

【小题1】A【小题1】D【小题1】B【小题1】B


解析:

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Living a healthy lifestyle contains making choices about the foods we eat as well as exercise and other daily activities. The term “healthy lifestyle” can be defined as “to improve and protect one’s health and well-being”.

For this purpose, a healthy lifestyle can involve good eating habits, regular physical activity and anti-alcoholism. First of all, good eating habits are the main way of living a healthy lifestyle. For instance, rushed morning routines, trying to lose weight, and lack of appetite (食欲) early in the morning are all reasons why people skip breakfast. However, most experts think that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Another example is fast food; a hamburger from McDonald’s with special sauce and cheese is not exactly considered as a healthy meal. Our society today is busy and on the go at all times. It is much easier to stop and get fast food. As a result, humans become fatter. However, eating low-fat meals that include 5 to 9 servings of fruits and vegetables every day is an ideal healthy life plan. Therefore, good eating habits are the main way of living a healthy lifestyle.

Secondly, another way of living a healthy lifestyle is physical activity. Exercise is indeed part of life because it keeps the body and mind in good shape. Exercise reduces stress and contributes to (有助于) a good sleep. It can keep a person looking and feeling younger throughout his entire life, and it also helps build one’s energy and strength. Many people do not think too much about their health until they get sick. So, physical activity is another way of living a healthy lifestyle.

Finally, another way is anti-alcoholism. Addiction(上瘾) to alcohol may cause serious social and public problems. It is accepted that driving after drinking is dangerous. Alcohol is a main factor of traffic deaths Alcoholism can also lead to diseases, such as heart attack or liver trouble. Thus, anti-alcoholism is another way for a healthy lifestyle.

In conclusion, a healthy lifestyle can be maintained in three ways: the first way is good eating habits, the second way is regular physical activity and the final way is anti-alcoholism.

The underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means _____.

   A.having more food will help you to be more healthy

B.a healthy lifestyle only refers to healthy eating habits

C.a healthy lifestyle is a way of living to maintain one’s health

D.to be healthy, you must make choices about anything.

The reasons for skipping breakfast include the following EXCEPT________.

   A.to have more time to stay in bed   B.going on a diet

C.busy morning routines     D.having no appetite

According to the passage, how can we feel younger throughout our life?

   A.To avoid fast food.    B.To take regular exercise.

C.To  be happy every day.   D.To wear some special clothes.

Which of the following may directly reduce social problems?

   A.Good eating habits.  B.Physical activity.   C.Anti-alcoholism. D.Losing weight.

In what column are you most likely to find this article?

   A.Advertisement.   B.Economy.   C.Sports.  D.Life.

Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative meaning.
So it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation (创新). But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel (平行的)paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try, the more creative we become.
But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.
“The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide’, just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider’.” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
“All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware,” she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally(程序上的), collaboratively (合作地) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will … and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have preserved, and it fosters(培养)commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.
【小题1】 Brain researchers have discovered that     .

A.the forming of new habits can be guidedB.the development of habits can be predicted
C.the regulation of old habits can be transformed
D.the track of new habits can be created unconsciously
【小题2】The underlined word “ruts” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to      .
A.zonesB.connectionsC.situationsD.tracks
【小题3】Which of the following statements most probably agrees with Dawna Markova’s view?
A.Decision makes no sense in choices.B.Curiosity makes creative minds active.
C.Creative ideas are born of a relaxing mind.D.Formation of innovation comes from fantastic ideas.
【小题4】The purpose of the author writing this article is to persuade us      .
A.to give up our traditional habits deliberatelyB.to create and develop new habits consciously
C.to resist the application of standardized testingD.to believe that old habits conflict with new habits


第二部分 阅读理解(共25小题,第一节每小题2分,第二节每小题1分;满分45分)
第一节,阅读下面短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Colorful Drinking Customs in Scandinavia
The peoples of the Scandinavian countries share a lot in common for geographical reasons. But there are more of differences than similarities between them in all ways,including their drinking customs.
A superficial(表面上的)observer might think that no one in Norway drinks wine. Meals eaten in restaurants or at home are usually washed down with tea, coffee or milk. Occasionally however,pale or dark ale(麦牙酒)is drunk. It can be ordered only in restaurants, where it is served only with food.
Excellent quality beers are made in Jutland and consumption is high. After beer, brandy is the favorite drink. Aalborg schnapps made from corn and potatoes, is famous for its high alcoholic content. For the Danes, brandy is also an aperitif(开胃酒) and is often drunk before meals. For a foreigner, the practice of surrounding toasts here can be uncomfortable. If he accepts one toast then he will have to accept all others, and it is difficult to drink six or seven glasses of brandy unless one is used to it. Ladies are fortunately excluded from these rounds and they drink only a grape juice with almost no alcoholic content.
It is milk instead of liquor that is the principal(主要的) Finnish table drink. More milk is drunk by the Finnish people than in any other nation. In Finland the sale of alcohol is a state behavior and a check is kept on consumption by recording purchases on special card issued to all customers.
As there is a difference between Swedish cooking in the south and that in the north because of the difference in soil and climate, their drinking habits are also different. In the north alcoholic beverages(烈酒).
are considered a necessity because they keep out the cold. While in the south people have milder drinks. But generally speaking, too much drinking is rare in Sweden, partly because it is against the law.
Sale of spirits is controlled; the Swedes drink much coffee and tea. Many people still prefer the old-fashioned coffee served in large cups with cakes. Tea is so popular in Sweden that it has been called the Swedish national drink.
41. The passage mentions the following subjects EXCEPT ______.
A. drinking habits           B. table manners    
C. sales of spirits            D. drinking time
42. According to the passage, which of the following is the Swedish national drink?
A. Tea.       B. Brandy.       C. Aperitif.      D. Grape juice.
43. Which of the following people like milk more than other drinks?
A. The German people.              B. The American people.
C. The Finish people.                D. The French people.
44. It can be inferred that if a foreigner isn’t good at drinking brandy, he ______.
A. would like to invite ladies to have a party
B. is unwilling to have a surrounding toast
C. would like to accept others’ toasts
D. will often drink milk instead of brandy

下面文章中有5处需要添加小标题。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中选出最符合各段意思的小标题。选项中有一项是多余选项。

A. How inner beliefs can help

B. How to develop positive habits

C. Improve your life

D. You can do it

E. Action plan

F. Why are habits so important

The single most important factor that contributes to success is what you do every single day. It is as simple as that. Your habits will determine whether you are successful or not. If you have strong and healthy positive habits ,it does not mater whether or not you fail today because you are guaranteed to succeed in the long run.

1.          

Because you repeat the same actions and the same behaviors every single day, a single positive action will not change your life, but the same action repeated 1,000 times will have a significant impact on your life. For example, if you go to the gym one time, you won’t see a big difference in your life. However, if you go to the gym 1,000 times over a five year period, you will see a big difference in your body. The same principle applies to finance, health, relationships, work, career, and school. Simple positive actions repeated every single day will have a great impact on your life in the long run.

2.            

There’s nothing easier than developing positive habits. You simply have to do every single day the action you want to make a habit. If you want to develop the habit of running, run almost every day. If you want to develop the habit of eating healthy, eat healthy every day. If you want to develop the habit of reading, read every day. Habits are created by repetition. The more you do an action, the easier it becomes in the long run.

3.            

If you want to be successful in changing your habits, you should think about changing your inner beliefs about your habits. For example, your old belief was: “I love cigarette because it makes me feel good and relaxed. I need cigarette to be happy and relaxed.” If you keep this belief, you won’t be able to keep your resolution to stop smoking for very long. Instead, you should adopt this new belief: “I love yoga because it makes me feel good and relaxed. Cigarette is poisonous and destroys my body. Yoga makes me happy.” You should analyze your beliefs and make sure they won’t stop you from changing your habits. The same is true when you try to form positive habits. If you want to start eating healthy food, here are some positive beliefs you should start thinking about: “Healthy food is very good for my health. It gives me a lot of energy and I feel very good.”

4.          

It’s now time for you to develop positive habits in your life and avoid your negative habits. Write down 3 positive habits that you would like to develop and 3 negative habits that you would like to get rid of. For each positive habit, write down exactly what actions you’re going to take every single day in order to develop the new habit. For each negative habit, write down exactly what actions you’re not going to take in the next weeks. Here are some positive habits that will lead to success: exercise, healthy food, reading, saving, studying, healthy relationships, hard work, etc.. Here are some negative habits to get rid of: gambling, drug and alcohol abuse, overeating, shyness, etc..

5.            

Everybody can change. All it takes is courage and commitment. Decide right now to improve your life by changing your habits. Take action right now! Don’t be afraid. Yes, you will probably make mistakes along the way. But never forget that success is guaranteed for you if you have positive habits in your life. If you refuse to quit, success will be yours.

 

Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed. When a person does a certain thing again, he is driven by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly, then a habit is formed. Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to get rid of. It is therefore so important that we should pay great attention to the formation of habits. Children often form bad habits, some of which remain with them as long as they live. Older persons also form bad habits lasting as long as they live, and sometimes become ruined by bad habits.

There are other habits which, when formed in early life, are of great help. Many successful men say that much of their success has something to do with certain habits in early life, such as early rising, honesty and so on.

Among the habits which children should not form are laziness, lying, stealing and so on. These are all easily formed habits. Unfortunately older persons often form habits which could have been avoided.

We should keep away from all these bad habits, and try to form such habits as will be good for ourselves and others.

1.        are formed little by little.

A.Only good habits

B.Only bad habits

C.Both good habits and bad habits

D.Either good habits or bad habits

2.The underlined word “them” in the first paragraph refers to         .

A.bad habits

B.good habits

C.children

D.other persons

3.Why should we pay much attention to the formation of habits?

A.Because habits are of great help to every one of us.

B.Because a man can never get rid of a habit.

C.Because it’s hard and sometimes even impossible to throw away bad habits.

D.Because we are forced to do them again and again.

4.According to the passage, early rising          .

A.has something to do with success

B.is an easily formed habit

C.is such a habit as should have been avoided

D.is such a beneficial habit as will be kept

 

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