题目内容

One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about being late for school.There were many people 1.(wait)at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and 2.(disappoint)．When the bus finally came，we all hurried on board.I got a place next 3. the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike caught my attention.He 4.(ride) beside the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver， 5. he refused to stop 6. we reached the next stop.Still，the boy kept riding.He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally，when we came to the next stop，the boy came up to the door of the bus，and I heard an 7. (excite)conversation.Then the driver stood up and asked，“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh dear! It's 8. (I)．”She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy 9. (do)，and the crowd of strangers 10. (sudden)became friendly to one another.

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The Bystander (旁观者) Effect

When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses. 1.

The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which is named after Catherine “Kitty” Genovese, a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13, 1964. Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed (刺) by a man later identified as Winston Moseley. Despite Genovese's repeated cries for help, 2. The attack first began at 3:20, but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted police．

Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident, as well as most Americans. As the conclusion, the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments.

There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect. 3. Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present. The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate.

4. In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a "lovers' quarrel", and 5..

A. They hesitate and assess the risk of getting hurt

B. This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect.

C. Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is unclear.

D. First, the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility.

E. they did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered.

F. none of the people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police for help.

G. the attacker didn’t stop stabbing her.

Do you know how to pick a good book you’ll really like? Here are some tips.

Start With Your Interest. 1. . You can pick something that you love to read, not for school. They can be ancient martial (武术) arts, computers, or fashion design. You name it, there are books about it.

What’s Your Type? Do you prefer fiction or nonfiction (or both)? Fiction books, like novels, can transport you to another world or help you imagine something beyond your own experience. Nonfiction books give you the who, what, when, and why of something. 2. . Many of them read like novels from start to finish.

Read the description. The reviews and quotes on the back and inside covers of many books give you an idea of what the book is about. They can also help you pick future books, too. If you find a book you really like, take a minute to read the quotes and see which authors praised the book. 3..

Find a Family Favorite. Which book did your mother love best when she was at your age? 4.. Find out and give them a read — then you can share your thoughts about the book.

Finally, you’ll probably enjoy what you’re reading a lot more if you find a quiet place and make time for the book. 5. You can put on some good music, get yourself some tea and let yourself be carried away by the book. You’ll see that time does fly when you’re reading something you love!

A. How about your brothers and sisters?

B. They tell stories using facts — but that doesn’t mean they’re boring.

C. Reading is a good way to improve your English.

D. Most reading is best enjoyed when you can concentrate (全神贯注) on it.

E. Often, they’ll have similar styles and you might find books you like by those authors, too.

F. So you should read as much as possible when you are free.

G. Reading on your own isn’t like reading for school.

As a mother of two young boys, she knows the difficulties of keeping kids ________.

A. to entertain B. entertaining

C. entertained D. entertain

We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.

A. would stay B. has stayed

C. stayed D. stay

You may know the saying: An apple a day keeps the doctors away. A recent study by the Chinese University of Hong Kong has discovered another saying: An apple a day keeps old age away.

The study involved fruit flies, as they share many genes with humans. Researchers gave one group of fruit flies normal food, and another group of fruit flies got the same food including apple.

The results showed that flies that ate apple lived an average of 55 days longer than the flies that didn’t eat apple. The study also found that apple-eating flies were more able to walk, climb and move about as they became old, the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry reports.

The researchers believe that the antioxidants (抗氧化剂) found in apples are good for health.

In another experiment, researchers studied the diets of thousands of women. They found that those women who often ate apples were 20 percent less likely to have a heart attack.

Scientists have recently discovered the apple’s genetic code. This allows scientists to make new kinds of fruit that are healthier. Researchers are already using this information to grow apples with added antioxidants. Antioxidants help to keep eyes and joints (关节) healthy and protect against heart attacks and cancer.

Apples that help people lose weight may be in supermarkets in just four or five years. They are said to be “extra healthy” apples that can stop people from overeating.

1.Fruit flies were used in the research because_______.

A. they are very easy to catch B. they are fond of eating apples

C. they can live longer than before D. they share similar genes with humans

2.By studying the diets of many women, researchers _______.

A. found they are healthier than men

B. helped them lose weight successfully

C. discovered the genetic code of the apple

D. proved apples were good for people’s health

3.From the story, we can infer that _____.

A. scientists are studying new types of apples

B. apples’ genetic code is similar to other fruits

C. women like to eat apples more often than men

D. people who eat apples are protected from heart disease

If a noisy neighbor is blasting music at all hours of the day and night, drowning out your phone conversations and interrupting your sleep, you can call the police. But what is a whale to do?

Natural noise from waves, wind, rain and even earthquakes is common in oceans. Unfortunately, man?made noise from oil and gas drilling, sonar, and ships is also present.

Low frequency noise has doubled off the California coast every decade since the nineteen sixties. The main reasons are ships' propellers (螺旋桨). They not only generate continuous low frequency sound, some propellers cavitate(形成气穴), which means they create air bubbles that collapse, creating loud popping sounds.

Whales use low frequency calls to communicate across thousands of miles of ocean. They are threatened by noise pollution because it can prevent them from contacting each other and from locating their foods. Endangered humpback and right whales, which use fibrous baleen to strain food from the water, are the most at risk.

Scientists studying right whales off Canada's east coast have discovered that whales are sending louder calls through the water to make themselves heard. Because they invest more energy in making calls, they have less energy available for finding food and mating. Other scientists measuring whale calls against background noise pollution have discovered that right whales have lost about eighty percent of their normal communication area. This could seriously affect survival of this already threatened species.

Scientists don't have badges and guns, but they are trying to correct the noise pollution problem. By tracking ships and marine mammals and understanding how noise travels, they are creating sound maps. They hope to get shipping lanes moved so that the noise pollution ships create will not overlap with areas most important to the whales.

1.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. Whales are in danger because of the noise.

B. Noise pollution is affecting whales.

C. Natural noise is good for whales.

D. How to protect whales endangered.

2.The following statements are true EXCEPT ________.

A. You can call the police if you are disturbed by a noisy neighbor.

B. Low frequency noise has doubled off the Canadian coast every decade since the 1960s.

C. Noise pollution can prevent whales from contacting each other and from locating prey.

D. Endangered humpback and right whales are the most at risk.

3.We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.

A. some areas important to whales are overlapped with the ship lanes

B. scientists are creating the sound maps by tracking ships and marine mammals

C. if scientists have guns, they can correct the noise pollution

D. scientists have worked out a plan to protect the whales

4.According to scientists，________.

A. right whales off the Californian coast have been in danger because of the loss of the energy

B. right whales cannot find food and mate for they lose a lot of living area

C. there are about 20% of the normal communication areas still available for the right whales

D. the right whales always invest most of their energy for making calls

—Please don't make any noise.

—________.I'll be as quiet as a mouse.

A. Yes, I won't B. No, I won't

C. No, I will D. Yes, I will

If I were a boy again, I would practice perseverance more often, and never give up a thing because it was hard or inconvenient. 1.“There are only two creatures,” says a proverb, “who can surmount(越过) the pyramids — the eagle and the snail.”

If I were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention. I would let nothing come between me and the subject in hand. 2. The habit of attention becomes part of our life, if we begin early enough. I often hear grown-up people say, “I could not fix my attention on the lecture or book, although I wished to do so,” and the reason is, the habit was not formed in youth.

If I were a boy again, I would cultivate courage. “Nothing is so mild and gentle as courage, nothing so cruel and pitiless as cowardice (怯懦),” says a wise author. 3.The fear of ill exceeds(超过) the ill we fear. Dangers will arise in any career, but presence of mind will often conquer the worst of them.4.

If I were a boy again, I would look on the cheerful side. Life is very much like a mirror: if you smile upon it, it smiles back upon you; but if you frown and look doubtful on it, you will get a similar look in return. Inner sunshine warms not only the heart of the owner, but of all that come in contact with it.

5.I might write pages on the importance of learning very early in life to gain that point where a young boy can stand straight and decline doing an unworthy act because it is unworthy.

Finally, instead of trying hard to be happy, as if that were the sole purpose of life, I would, if I were a boy again, try still harder to make others happy.

A. If we want light, we must conquer darkness.

B. If I were a boy again, I would school myself to say “No” oftener.

C. We too often borrow trouble, and expect that may never appear.

D. I would remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.

E. If I were a boy again, I would demand of myself more courtesy towards my companions and friends and indeed towards strangers as well.

F. Perseverance can sometimes equal genius in its results.

G. Be prepared for any fate, and there is no harm to be feared.

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