The discovery of a dwarfed human being who lived in Flores .Indonesin .up to 18,000 years ago is changing the way we think about the human family .This “Flores Human was three foot tall and her brain 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

(06·湖南D篇)

The discovery of a dwarfed (矮个的)”human being” who lived in Flores .Indonesin .up to 18,000 years ago is changing the way we think about the human family .This “Flores Human”was three foot tall and her brain was smaller than that lf the average chimp (黑猩猩).yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives .They seem to have made tools ,worked together to find food and cook it,and perhaps even hurried their dead with ceremony.

It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the new human family member .The tools are like those frmmerly seen only with European fossils (化石)from our own species;Homo sapiens (智人)；and the oldest of them were made 94,000years ago .Homo sapiens is thought to have amved in the island about 40,000 years ago ,much too late to be responsible for the tools .If this tiny human made the tools ,them the inside structure (结构)of its brain must have been more like our own than a chimp’s ,despite being just a third the size of ours.

This “new human” was suspected to be a dwarfed ranch of Homo erectus (直立人). When creatures are separated in regions with rare resources but few enemies,being big is a disadvantage, and evolution tends to shrink them, aprocess known as island dwarfing.Could natural selection make a human smaller while keeping----even improving----mental ability ?Quite possibly, believes Christopher Wills of the University of California.

Has the “Flores Human” even shown the ability of language? “I find it difficult to imagine that people could make tools.use fire ,and kill large animals without fairly advanced communication.” Wills says .Did “Flores Human” possess the basic components of human culture ---such as the burying of the dead with ceremony ? Emiliano Bruner of the Italian Institute points out that Indonesia’s hot,wet environment is bad for fossilization.It is reasonable to assume ,he says ,that the 18,000-year-old bones of the most complete Flores woman were well-preserved because she was buried with special care.

67.According to the passage , “Flores Human”______.

A. lived a partly human life

B. was a branch of Homo sapiens

C. used tools before Homo sapiens arrived

D. had a brain as a common chimp’s

68.The underlined part “this tiny human”in Paragraph 2 refers to _______.

A.a chimp . B.Flores Human C.Homo sapiens D.Homo sapiens

69.This passage mainly talks about______.

A. the tools made by “Flores Human”

B. the language used by “Flores Human”

C. the evolution of “Flores Human”

D. the major surprising findings about “Flores Human”

70.According to the passage ,it is believed that “Flores Human”_______.

A. was dwarfed by its enemies

B. could use language

C. left a lot of fossils in hot and wet environment

D. reached Flores 40,000 years ago

答案 67.C 68.B 69.D 70.B

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(06·湖南A篇)

A NATIONWIDE BESTSELLER

It’s likely that everything you learned about.America’s ancient history is wrong.

The new book,1491,completely changes our understanding of the Amerieas before the arrival of Columbus in 1492.

DID YOU KNOW?

When Columbus landed there were probably more people in the Americas than there were in Europe.

The peoples of North America had such healthy life-styles that as late as the 19^th century they continued to be the tallest people on earth.

Facts have shown that the Amenicas were populated as long as 33,000 years ago.

4,000 years ago Mesoamerican famers developed com in a feat (技艺) of genetie engineering that still isn’t completely understood.

COMMENTS ON 1491

“In the tradition of Jared Diamond & John MePhee,a totally new view of precolunhian America”.

－Richard Rhodes

“Attrnctively written and really absorbing Charles C.Mann has produced a book that’s part detective story,part cpie(史诗)　and part tragedy(不幸).He has taken on a vast topic:thousands of years,two huge continents,and cultures.”

－Charles Matthews,San Jese Mercary News

“Powerful and challenging”

－Alan Taylor,Washingto post

“A pleasure to read as well as a wonderful education”

－Howard Zinn

56.On the whole,1491 is a book mainly about America’s________.

A.life-styles B.population C.history D.agrieulture

57.Which of the following as NOT TRUE about the comments on the book 1491?

A. It is interesting and instructive.

B. It is attractive and culturally related.

C. It is challenging and revolutionary.

D. It is hurnorous and persuasive.

58.From this passage,we can learn_________.

A.people settled in the Amencas a little carlier than 1942

B.North Americans were the tallest in the 18^th cenntry in the world

C.Mesoamencan farmers knew genclic engineering 5,000 years ago

D.the population in the Americas was smaller than that in Europe in 1492

(06·湖南C篇)

The coyote(丛林狼).that elever animal of wide-open space .has come to the nation’s captial.In fact ,coyotes have spread to every comer of the United States,changing their behaviors to fit new envioronments and causing researchers to deal with a troublesome new kind of creature:the city coyote.

The coyote originally lived in the middle of the continent.One of its most obvious characters is its smartness, which has made the animal a notorious（臭名昭著的）pest.Hunters trapped,shot and poisoned more than a million coyotes in the 1900s.It’s still one of America’s mosthunted animals. Yet the coyote has survived.How has the coyote shown this extraordinary ability?”I guess if you wanted to use one word,it’d be ‘plasticity’.”says Erie Gese,an expert at Utah State University. Coyotes can live alon, in pairs, or in large packs like wolves,hunt at night or during the day , occupy a small region or an area up to 40 square miles,and live on all sorts of food,from lizards（蜥蜴）and shoes, to ants and melons.

Unbelicvadly people helpcd coyotes increase when they kiltcd most of the wolves in the United States. The sprcdding of coyotes into city areas,though.is rccent.They travel at night,crossing sidcwalks and bridges.running atong roads and ducking into cuinerts (钻入涵洞)and underpasscs .No one knows why coyotes are maving into cities.but expertsexplaih that clevcter,more human-tolerant(不怕人的)coyotes are teaching urban survivalskills to new generations.

Occasionally.coyotes mighe attack human beings.There have been about 160 attacks on peoplc in reccnt years Therefore,people have bccn consistently told not feed coyotes or leave pct food unseeurcd.That ,plus a large trapping program in the neighborhood.has cur down on the coyote population.

63.The underlinged word “plasticity”in Paragraph 2refers to____________.

A.the ability to fit the environment B.notonous smartness

C.hunting ability D.being human-tolerant

64.The aim of the passage is to_____________.

A.tell pcople how to fight against coyotes

B.tell us why the coyote is the most hunted animal

C.supply the reason why the coyote is a kind of motorious pest

D.explain how the coyote has spread to and survived in cities

65.According to the passage,coyote__________.

A.originally lived in the west of the continent

B.sleep dung the day but look for food at night

C.are teaching survival skills to therr younger generations

D.suffered a population deerease because pcople killed wolves

66.According to the passage,to cut dowa on the coyolc population.people are advised to_______.

A.leave pct food secured B.keep coyotes in small regions

C.foree coyotes to live alone D.avond using trapping programs

(06·湖南E篇)

Susan Sontag (1933----2004)was one of the most noticeable figures in the world of literature.For more than 40 years she made it morally necessary to know everything---to read every book worth reading ,to see every movie worth seeing .When she was still in her early 30s,publishing essays in such important magazines as Partisan Review, she appeared as the symbol of American culture life ,trying hard to follow every new development in literature, film and art .With great effort and serious judgement. Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.

Seriousness was one of Sontage’s lifelong watchwords(格言).but at a time when the barriers between the well-educated and the poor-educated were obvious,she argued for a true openness to the pleasure of pop culture.In “Notes Camp”,the 1964 essay that first made her name ,she explainedwhat was then a little-known set of difficult understandings, through which she could not have been more famous .“Notes on Camp”,she wrote,represents“a victory of ‘form’over‘content’,‘beauty’over‘morals’”.

By conviction（信念）she was a sensualist（感觉论者）, but by nature she was a moralist （伦理学者）,and in the works she published in the 1970s and 1980s , it was the latter side of her that came forward. In illness as Metaphor —published in 1978, after she suffered cancer—she argued against the idea that cancer was somehow a special problem of repressed personalities（被压抑的性格）, a concept that effectively blamed the victim for the disease. In fact , re-examining old positions was her lifelong lifelong habit.

In America,her story of a 19thcentury Polish actress who set up a perfect society in California, won the National Book Award in 2000.But it was as a tirelessm all-purposer cultural view that she made her lasting fame.“Sometimes,”she once said ,“I feel that, in the end, all I am really defending …is the idea of seriousness, of true seriousness.”And in the end ,she made us take it seriously too.

71.The underlined sentence in paragraph 1 means Sontag_________.

A. was a symbol of American cultural life

B. developed world literature,film and art

C. published many essays about world culture

D. kept pace with the newst development of world culture

72.She first won her name through ___________.

A. her story of a Polish actress

B. her book illness as Metaphor

C. publishing essays in magazines like partisan Review

D. her explanation of a set of difficult understankings

73.According to the passage,Susan Sontag__________.

A. was a sensualist as well as a moralist

B. looked down upon the pop culture

C. thought content was more important than form

D. blamed the victim of cancer for being repressed

74.As for Susan Sontag’s lifelong habit , she __________.

A. misunderstood the idea of seriousness

B. re-examined old positions

C. argued for an openess to pop culture

D. preferred morals to beauty

75.Susan Sontag’s lasting fame was made upon___________-.

A. a tireless, all-purpose cultural view

B. her lifelong watchword ：seriousness

C. publishing books on morals

D. enjoying books worth reading and movies worth seeing

(06·湖南B篇)

For the first time in modern history,less than half of the U.S.adult population now reads literature,according to a recent survey.Reading at Risk A Survey of Lilerary Reading in America presents a detailed review of the decline of reading’s role in the nation’s culture.

Reading at Risk is a survey of national fashion in adult literary reading.The data souree for Reading at Risk is as reliable and objective(客观的)as any such survey can be.The key results of the survey are presented in the “Surnmary”,but the report can be further exploined as:literary teading in America is not only declining rapidly among all groups,but the rate of decling has been speeded up,especially among the young.Reading at Risk merely shows a great cultural change that most Americans have already noted－our society’s great turn to clectronic media for entertainment and information.

Reading a book requires a degree of active attention and devotion.Indced,reading itself is a progressive skillo that depends on years of cducation nand practice.On the contrary,most electronic media such as television,recordings,and radio make fewer demands on their audiences,and indced require no more than passive participation.While oral culture has a rich reality and electronic media offer the commdenbic atteation of variety.print culture affords irreplaceable forms of focused and thought than make varicen communications and views possible.The deline in reading.thenfore ,equals a larger retreat(减少)from participation in public and culutural life.

What is to be done?There is surely no single solution to the pretent problem.just as there is no single cause .The important thing now is to underwand that America can no longer take active and devoted reading for granted.

Reading is not a timeless,common ability.As more Americans love thus ability .out nation becomes less informed,active ,and independent minded .There are not speakeras that a free, inventive,or productive society can afford to love.

59.The main purpose of the survey is to _______.

A.focus on the role of electronic media ang reading

B.show that American young people read less and less

C.give a report of the national of literary reading

D.review that less that half of the population now reads litersture

60.According to the passage ,reading _______.

A.requires less attention and devotion

B.demsnds no more than passive participation

C.limits various communications and views

D.means active participation in pubnlic and cultural life

61.The underlined phrase “cultural chang”in Paragraph 2 refers to the change _______.

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